CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
805 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4RRQ-73X5-WJ26
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 09:32 – Updated: 2026-08-24 18:31Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Apache CloudStack's UI while using Lock User Functionality.
This issue affects Apache CloudStack: from 4.20.0.0 through 4.20.3.0 and from 4.21.0.0 through 4.22.1.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.3.1 or 4.22.1.1 or later, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61399"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-21T09:16:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Apache CloudStack\u0027s UI while using Lock User Functionality.\n\nThis issue affects Apache CloudStack: from 4.20.0.0 through 4.20.3.0 and from 4.21.0.0 through 4.22.1.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.3.1 or 4.22.1.1 or later, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-4rrq-73x5-wj26",
"modified": "2026-08-24T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-08-21T09:32:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/g6cwddtjrwbh1d56wjz4cfp3fzfm4kbc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VXQ-Q3RW-HC8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-30 18:33 – Updated: 2026-09-30 18:33NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer where a user could inject crafted text into the kernel log because the supplied version string is not properly sanitized. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service and data tampering.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-30T16:17:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer where a user could inject crafted text into the kernel log because the supplied version string is not properly sanitized. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service and data tampering.",
"id": "GHSA-4vxq-q3rw-hc8c",
"modified": "2026-09-30T18:33:44Z",
"published": "2026-09-30T18:33:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NVIDIA/product-security/tree/main/2026/5861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-47562"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5293-MQ8X-G3XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-10-06 15:32Impact
A malicious OpenAPI document processed by any openapi-python-client prior to 0.29.1 can generate arbitrary Python code. When anyone imports the malicious client, that arbitrary Python code will execute.
Patches
Versions starting with 0.29.1 have updated with guardrails to prevent arbitrary code generation. Upgrade to this version immediately and audit any code previously generated from untrusted documents.
Workarounds
Do not generate clients for documents you don't completely trust. Carefully verify any existing generated code from untrusted documents.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openapi-python-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.29.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-105801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-150",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-06T15:32:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T15:17:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA malicious OpenAPI document processed by any `openapi-python-client` prior to 0.29.1 can generate arbitrary Python code. When anyone imports the malicious client, that arbitrary Python code will execute.\n\n### Patches\nVersions starting with 0.29.1 have updated with guardrails to prevent arbitrary code generation. Upgrade to this version immediately and audit any code previously generated from untrusted documents.\n\n### Workarounds\nDo not generate clients for documents you don\u0027t completely trust. Carefully verify any existing generated code from untrusted documents.",
"id": "GHSA-5293-mq8x-g3xj",
"modified": "2026-10-06T15:32:53Z",
"published": "2026-10-06T15:32:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openapi-generators/openapi-python-client/security/advisories/GHSA-5293-mq8x-g3xj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-105801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openapi-generators/openapi-python-client/pull/1483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openapi-generators/openapi-python-client/commit/1c99af478892e5bbe6583b92acba431c9dec9186"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openapi-generators/openapi-python-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openapi-generators/openapi-python-client/releases/tag/v0.29.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "openapi-python-client: Malicious OpenAPI Documents can cause Arbitrary Code Generation"
}
GHSA-52VW-WFF4-8W2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:01LibreOffice documents can contain macros. The execution of those macros is controlled by the document security settings, typically execution of macros are blocked by default. A URL decoding flaw existed in how the urls to the macros within the document were processed and categorized, resulting in the possibility to construct a document where macro execution bypassed the security settings. The documents were correctly detected as containing macros, and prompted the user to their existence within the documents, but macros within the document were subsequently not controlled by the security settings allowing arbitrary macro execution This issue affects: LibreOffice 6.2 series versions prior to 6.2.7; LibreOffice 6.3 series versions prior to 6.3.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9853"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "LibreOffice documents can contain macros. The execution of those macros is controlled by the document security settings, typically execution of macros are blocked by default. A URL decoding flaw existed in how the urls to the macros within the document were processed and categorized, resulting in the possibility to construct a document where macro execution bypassed the security settings. The documents were correctly detected as containing macros, and prompted the user to their existence within the documents, but macros within the document were subsequently not controlled by the security settings allowing arbitrary macro execution This issue affects: LibreOffice 6.2 series versions prior to 6.2.7; LibreOffice 6.3 series versions prior to 6.3.1.",
"id": "GHSA-52vw-wff4-8w2j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:01:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/19c917f7c8a0d8f62142046fabfe3e2c7d6091ef1f92b99c6e79e24e%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/27339e8a9a1e9bb47fbdb939b338256d0356250a1974aaf4d774f683%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/306a374361891eb17c6cffc99c3d7be1d3152a99c839d4231edc1631%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3a5570ca5cd14ad08e24684c71cfeff3a507f108fe3cf30ba4f58226%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/4ae0e6e52600f408d943ded079d314733ce188b04b04471464f89c4f%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/70da9481dca267405e1d79e53942264765ef3f55c9a563c3737e3926%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/7394e6b5f78a878bd0c44e9bc9adf90b8cdf49e9adc0f287145aba9b%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9dc85d9937ad7f101047c53f78c00e8ceb135eaeff7dcf4724b46f2c%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a5231ad45b030b54828c7b0b62a7e7d4b48481c7cb83ff628e07fa43%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a540d1b6f9a7ebb206adba02839f654a6ee63a7b0976f559a847e49a%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ca216900abd846f0220fe18b95f9f787bdbe0e87fa4eee822073cd69%40%3Ccommits.openoffice.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/10/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KQGBRSD73KTDZ2MPAOL7FBWO3SQVYE5B"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/security/advisories/CVE-2019-9853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00040.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156474/Open-Xchange-App-Suite-Documents-Server-Side-Request-Forgery.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Feb/23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-545F-PGP7-FWJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-01 21:14An anonymous user can craft a URL with text that ends up in the log viewer as is. The text can then include textual messages to mislead the administrator.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.craftercms:craftercms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-01T21:14:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-16T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An anonymous user can craft a URL with text that ends up in the log viewer as is. The text can then include textual messages to mislead the administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-545f-pgp7-fwjf",
"modified": "2022-06-01T21:14:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.craftercms.org/en/3.1/security/advisory.html#cv-2022051602"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Log value insertion in craftercms"
}
GHSA-54Q6-7P8P-RGQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01An issue was discovered in COINS Construction Cloud 11.12. Due to improper validation of user-controlled HTTP headers, attackers can cause it to send password-reset e-mails pointing to arbitrary websites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45226"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in COINS Construction Cloud 11.12. Due to improper validation of user-controlled HTTP headers, attackers can cause it to send password-reset e-mails pointing to arbitrary websites.",
"id": "GHSA-54q6-7p8p-rgqr",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
"published": "2022-01-25T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://appsource.microsoft.com/en-us/product/web-apps/constructionindustrysolutionslimited-5057232.coinsconstructioncloud?tab=overview"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2021-051.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/pentest-blog/multiple-schwachstellen-im-coins-construction-cloud-erp-syss-2021-028/-029/-030/-031/-051/-052/-053"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-555P-HVWP-MH56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-22 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:52iTerm2 before 3.4.20 allow (potentially remote) code execution because of mishandling of certain escape sequences related to upload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-22T04:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "iTerm2 before 3.4.20 allow (potentially remote) code execution because of mishandling of certain escape sequences related to upload.",
"id": "GHSA-555p-hvwp-mh56",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:52:42Z",
"published": "2023-10-22T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gnachman/iTerm2/commit/85cbf5ebda472c9ec295887e99c2b6f1b5867f1b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gnachman/iTerm2/commit/b2268b03b5f3d4cd8ca275eaef5d16d0fac20009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.solidsnail.com/posts/2023-08-28-iterm2-rce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://iterm2.com/news.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-56XQ-39JP-P7R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 09:30 – Updated: 2022-12-13 18:30IBM API Connect V10.0.0.0 through V10.0.5.0, V10.0.1.0 through V10.0.1.7, and V2018.4.1.0 through 2018.4.1.19 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 213212.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38997"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM API Connect V10.0.0.0 through V10.0.5.0, V10.0.1.0 through V10.0.1.7, and V2018.4.1.0 through 2018.4.1.19 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 213212.",
"id": "GHSA-56xq-39jp-p7r8",
"modified": "2022-12-13T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/213212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6842621"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-59F9-39VX-2R92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 03:30 – Updated: 2024-07-15 03:30IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 296003.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-644"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T02:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 296003.",
"id": "GHSA-59f9-39vx-2r92",
"modified": "2024-07-15T03:30:58Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T03:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/296003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7160185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-59JM-FVHC-V335
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:37 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:37Improper encoding or escaping of output in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-102235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T20:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper encoding or escaping of output in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-59jm-fvhc-v335",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:37:18Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:37:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-102235"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.