GHSA-X8QW-46WW-C957

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-11 18:35 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:30
VLAI?
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation

VMSCAPE is a vulnerability that exploits insufficient branch predictor isolation between a guest and a userspace hypervisor (like QEMU). Existing mitigations already protect kernel/KVM from a malicious guest. Userspace can additionally be protected by flushing the branch predictors after a VMexit.

Since it is the userspace that consumes the poisoned branch predictors, conditionally issue an IBPB after a VMexit and before returning to userspace. Workloads that frequently switch between hypervisor and userspace will incur the most overhead from the new IBPB.

This new IBPB is not integrated with the existing IBPB sites. For instance, a task can use the existing speculation control prctl() to get an IBPB at context switch time. With this implementation, the IBPB is doubled up: one at context switch and another before running userspace.

The intent is to integrate and optimize these cases post-embargo.

[ dhansen: elaborate on suboptimal IBPB solution ]

Severity ?
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-40300"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-11T17:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation\n\nVMSCAPE is a vulnerability that exploits insufficient branch predictor\nisolation between a guest and a userspace hypervisor (like QEMU). Existing\nmitigations already protect kernel/KVM from a malicious guest. Userspace\ncan additionally be protected by flushing the branch predictors after a\nVMexit.\n\nSince it is the userspace that consumes the poisoned branch predictors,\nconditionally issue an IBPB after a VMexit and before returning to\nuserspace. Workloads that frequently switch between hypervisor and\nuserspace will incur the most overhead from the new IBPB.\n\nThis new IBPB is not integrated with the existing IBPB sites. For\ninstance, a task can use the existing speculation control prctl() to\nget an IBPB at context switch time. With this implementation, the\nIBPB is doubled up: one at context switch and another before running\nuserspace.\n\nThe intent is to integrate and optimize these cases post-embargo.\n\n[ dhansen: elaborate on suboptimal IBPB solution ]",
  "id": "GHSA-x8qw-46ww-c957",
  "modified": "2026-01-16T21:30:26Z",
  "published": "2025-09-11T18:35:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15006289e5c38b2a830e1fba221977a27598176c"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f4f2f8f860cb4c3336a7435ebe8dcfded0c9c6e"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f8f173413f1cbf52660d04df92d0069c4306d25"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34e5667041050711a947e260fc9ebebe08bddee5"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459274c77b37ac63b78c928b4b4e748d1f9d05c8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/510603f504796c3535f67f55fb0b124a303b44c8"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/893387c18612bb452336a5881da0d015a7e8f4a2"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c23a90648e831d611152ac08dbcd1283d405e7f"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac60717f9a8d21c58617d0b34274babf24135835"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c08192b5d6730a914dee6175bc71092ee6a65f14"
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    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5490dfa35427a2967e00a4c7a1b95fdbc8ede34"
    },
    {
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    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f866eef8d1c65504d30923c3f14082ad294d0e6d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/14/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/17/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/17/3"
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  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}


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