Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38395

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-25 13:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

8.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods drvdata::gpiods is supposed to hold an array of 'gpio_desc' pointers. But the memory is allocated for only one pointer. This will lead to out-of-bounds access later in the code if 'config::ngpios' is > 1. So fix the code to allocate enough memory to hold 'config::ngpios' of GPIO descriptors. While at it, also move the check for memory allocation failure to be below the allocation to make it more readable.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24418bc77a66cb5be9f5a837431ba3674ed8b52f	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56738cbac3bbb1d39a71a07f57484dec1db8b239	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9fe71972869faed1f8f9b3beb9040f9c1b300c79	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e12fac214d4f49fcb186dbdf9c5592e7fa0a7a	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3cd5ae7befbac849e0e0529c94ca04e8093cfd2	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nregulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods\n\ndrvdata::gpiods is supposed to hold an array of \u0027gpio_desc\u0027 pointers. But\nthe memory is allocated for only one pointer. This will lead to\nout-of-bounds access later in the code if \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 is \u003e 1. So\nfix the code to allocate enough memory to hold \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 of GPIO\ndescriptors.\n\nWhile at it, also move the check for memory allocation failure to be below\nthe allocation to make it more readable."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: regulator: gpio: Se corrige el acceso fuera de los l\u00edmites a drvdata::gpiods. drvdata::gpiods debe contener una matriz de punteros \u0027gpio_desc\u0027. Sin embargo, la memoria solo est\u00e1 asignada a un puntero. Esto provocar\u00e1 un acceso fuera de los l\u00edmites m\u00e1s adelante en el c\u00f3digo si \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 es \u0026gt; 1. Por lo tanto, corrija el c\u00f3digo para asignar suficiente memoria para contener \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 de descriptores GPIO. Adem\u00e1s, mueva la comprobaci\u00f3n de fallos de asignaci\u00f3n de memoria a un valor inferior a la asignaci\u00f3n para que sea m\u00e1s legible."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38395",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:11.813",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.4,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.5,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.1,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-07-25T13:15:28.950",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
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      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-125"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-38395 (GCVE-0-2025-38395)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-25 12:53 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:01

Title

regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods

Summary

Severity

8.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6653 records in the last 180 days details

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3cd5ae7befbac849…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9fe71972869faed1f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56738cbac3bbb1d39…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e12fac214d4f49f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24418bc77a66cb5be…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d19e5d71b217940…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3830ab97cda959987…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9764fd88bc744592…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < a3cd5ae7befbac849e0e0529c94ca04e8093cfd2 (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 9fe71972869faed1f8f9b3beb9040f9c1b300c79 (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 56738cbac3bbb1d39a71a07f57484dec1db8b239 (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < a1e12fac214d4f49fcb186dbdf9c5592e7fa0a7a (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 24418bc77a66cb5be9f5a837431ba3674ed8b52f (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606 (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f (git) Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.1 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.1 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.296 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.240 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.187 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.144 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.97 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.37 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.6 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:37:28.806Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/regulator/gpio-regulator.c"
          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
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            },
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              "lessThan": "e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/regulator/gpio-regulator.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.1"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.1",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.296",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.240",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.187",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.144",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.97",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.37",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.296",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.240",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.187",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.144",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.37",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nregulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods\n\ndrvdata::gpiods is supposed to hold an array of \u0027gpio_desc\u0027 pointers. But\nthe memory is allocated for only one pointer. This will lead to\nout-of-bounds access later in the code if \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 is \u003e 1. So\nfix the code to allocate enough memory to hold \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 of GPIO\ndescriptors.\n\nWhile at it, also move the check for memory allocation failure to be below\nthe allocation to make it more readable."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.4,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The flaw is in a platform driver bound from device-tree/ACPI data on the local system; the out-of-bounds write occurs in local kernel context during probe with no network or physical interaction required for the corruption itself. Matches the AV:L convention used for analogous probe-time allocation-size bugs such as CVE-2025-39869 and CVE-2025-38446.\nAC:L - On any affected board the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 it fires on every single boot with no race, no timing window, and no dependence on unpredictable state, since ngpios\u003e=2 is a binding-documented configuration (maxItems: 8, and the binding\u0027s own example uses 2 GPIOs). No condition beyond the attacker\u0027s control must be won per attempt.\nPR:N - The out-of-bounds write executes during subsys_initcall driver probe at boot, before any user logs in or is authenticated, so zero privileges are required for the memory corruption to occur. This matches the PR:N assignment given to the directly analogous probe-time undersized-allocation heap overflow in CVE-2025-39869.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed; the corruption happens automatically when the gpio-regulator driver probes the device, and the subsequent out-of-bounds reads occur on routine in-kernel regulator voltage changes.\nS:U - The heap corruption and the wild-pointer dereferences are confined to kernel memory managed by the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Beyond the OOB write, gpio_regulator_set_voltage() and gpio_regulator_set_current_limit() read gpiods[0..nr_gpios-1] past the 8-byte allocation and treat adjacent slab contents as struct gpio_desc pointers, exposing kernel heap data; a heap overflow of this kind is leverageable for arbitrary read.\nI:H - Up to seven attacker/firmware-influenced pointer values are written past the end of the allocation into an adjacent slab object, and the out-of-bounds pointers are then passed to gpiod_set_value_cansleep(), yielding a controlled write primitive exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Slab corruption plus dereference of out-of-bounds heap data as gpio_desc pointers reliably produces a kernel oops or panic \u2014 the identical bug class in CVE-2025-39869 manifested as \"Oops - undefined instruction\" crashes during driver probe."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:33.139Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3cd5ae7befbac849e0e0529c94ca04e8093cfd2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9fe71972869faed1f8f9b3beb9040f9c1b300c79"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56738cbac3bbb1d39a71a07f57484dec1db8b239"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e12fac214d4f49fcb186dbdf9c5592e7fa0a7a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24418bc77a66cb5be9f5a837431ba3674ed8b52f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38395",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-25T12:53:39.933Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.011Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:33.139Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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