Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41321 (GCVE-0-2026-41321)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 17:04 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:33

Title

@astrojs/cloudflare: SSRF via redirect following in Cloudflare image-binding-transform endpoint

Summary

@astrojs/cloudflare is an SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Workers targets. Prior to 13.1.10, the fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts uses the default redirect: 'follow' behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL. This vulnerabiity is caused by an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-58179. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.1.10.

Severity

2.2 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-04-24 18:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7613 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
withastro	@astrojs/cloudflare	Affected: < 13.1.10	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-24T18:27:06.347024Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T18:33:24.408Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "@astrojs/cloudflare",
          "vendor": "withastro",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 13.1.10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "@astrojs/cloudflare is an SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Workers targets. Prior to 13.1.10, the fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts uses the default redirect: \u0027follow\u0027 behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL. This vulnerabiity is caused by an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-58179. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.1.10."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 2.2,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-918",
              "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T17:04:06.118Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "@astrojs/cloudflare: SSRF via redirect following in Cloudflare image-binding-transform endpoint"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-41321",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-24T17:04:06.118Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-20T14:01:46.671Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T18:33:24.408Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-41321",
      "date": "2026-10-19",
      "epss": "0.00318",
      "percentile": "0.23234"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "@astrojs/cloudflare",
                "vendor": "withastro",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 13.1.10"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "@astrojs/cloudflare is an SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Workers targets. Prior to 13.1.10, the fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts uses the default redirect: \u0027follow\u0027 behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL. This vulnerabiity is caused by an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-58179. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.1.10."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:46:30.227",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 2.2,
                "baseSeverity": "LOW",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 0.7,
              "impactScore": 1.4,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-24T18:27:06.347024Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-04-24T18:16:28.783",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-918"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-05T19:49:22+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-41321",
      "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "@astrojs/cloudflare: SSRF via redirect following in Cloudflare image-binding-transform endpoint",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41321.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-04-24T18:27:06.347024Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T18:27:22.745Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "@astrojs/cloudflare",
              "vendor": "withastro",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 13.1.10"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "@astrojs/cloudflare is an SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Workers targets. Prior to 13.1.10, the fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts uses the default redirect: \u0027follow\u0027 behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL. This vulnerabiity is caused by an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-58179. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.1.10."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 2.2,
                "baseSeverity": "LOW",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-918",
                  "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T17:04:06.118Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "@astrojs/cloudflare: SSRF via redirect following in Cloudflare image-binding-transform endpoint"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-41321",
        "datePublished": "2026-04-24T17:04:06.118Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-04-20T14:01:46.671Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T18:33:24.408Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-41321

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-24 18:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:46

Severity

2.2 (Low) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "@astrojs/cloudflare",
          "vendor": "withastro",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 13.1.10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "@astrojs/cloudflare is an SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Workers targets. Prior to 13.1.10, the fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts uses the default redirect: \u0027follow\u0027 behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL. This vulnerabiity is caused by an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-58179. This vulnerability is fixed in 13.1.10."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:46:30.227",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 2.2,
          "baseSeverity": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 0.7,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-41321",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-04-24T18:27:06.347024Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-24T18:16:28.783",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-918"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-88GM-J2WX-58H6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-23 21:52 – Updated: 2026-04-27 16:42

Summary

Cloudflare has SSRF via redirect following through its image-binding-transform endpoint (incomplete fix for GHSA-qpr4)

Details

Summary

The fetch() call for remote images in packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts (line 28) uses the default redirect: 'follow' behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the isRemoteAllowed() domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL.

All three other image fetch paths in the codebase correctly use { redirect: 'manual' }. This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-qpr4-c339-7vq8.

Confirmed on HEAD.

Root Cause

image-binding-transform.ts line 28:

const content = await (isRemotePath(href) ? fetch(imageSrc) : assets.fetch(imageSrc));

Missing { redirect: 'manual' }. The three protected paths:

// image-passthrough-endpoint.ts:23
response = await fetch(href, { redirect: 'manual' });

// assets/endpoint/shared.ts:11
const res = await fetch(src, { redirect: 'manual' });

// assets/utils/remoteProbe.ts:53
const response = await fetch(url, { redirect: 'manual' });

PoC

Demonstrated with Node.js that fetch() without redirect: 'manual' follows 302 redirects to arbitrary destinations:

# Server A (allowed domain) returns 302 → Server B (internal)
fetch('http://allowed:19741/img.jpg')                        → follows 302 → hits http://internal:19742/secret
fetch('http://allowed:19741/img.jpg', {redirect:'manual'})   → returns 302, internal server NOT hit

Attack path: attacker finds an open redirect on an allowed domain, crafts /_image?href=https://allowed-cdn.com/redirect?url=http://internal-service/, and the Worker follows the redirect to the unauthorized destination.

Impact

Bypasses the image.domains and image.remotePatterns allowlist for the default Cloudflare image service (cloudflare-binding). Enables blind SSRF to domains not in the allowlist. Same vulnerability class as GHSA-qpr4-c339-7vq8 (HIGH) which fixed the passthrough endpoint but missed this one.

Suggested Fix

const content = await (isRemotePath(href) ? fetch(imageSrc, { redirect: 'manual' }) : assets.fetch(imageSrc));

Severity

2.2 (Low)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@astrojs/cloudflare"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.1.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41321"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-23T21:52:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T18:16:28Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `fetch()` call for remote images in `packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/utils/image-binding-transform.ts` (line 28) uses the default `redirect: \u0027follow\u0027` behavior. This allows the Cloudflare Worker to follow HTTP redirects to arbitrary URLs, bypassing the `isRemoteAllowed()` domain allowlist check which only validates the initial URL.\n\nAll three other image fetch paths in the codebase correctly use `{ redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 }`. This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-qpr4-c339-7vq8.\n\nConfirmed on HEAD.\n\n## Root Cause\n\n`image-binding-transform.ts` line 28:\n\n    const content = await (isRemotePath(href) ? fetch(imageSrc) : assets.fetch(imageSrc));\n\nMissing `{ redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 }`. The three protected paths:\n\n    // image-passthrough-endpoint.ts:23\n    response = await fetch(href, { redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 });\n\n    // assets/endpoint/shared.ts:11\n    const res = await fetch(src, { redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 });\n\n    // assets/utils/remoteProbe.ts:53\n    const response = await fetch(url, { redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 });\n\n## PoC\n\nDemonstrated with Node.js that `fetch()` without `redirect: \u0027manual\u0027` follows 302 redirects to arbitrary destinations:\n\n    # Server A (allowed domain) returns 302 \u2192 Server B (internal)\n    fetch(\u0027http://allowed:19741/img.jpg\u0027)                        \u2192 follows 302 \u2192 hits http://internal:19742/secret\n    fetch(\u0027http://allowed:19741/img.jpg\u0027, {redirect:\u0027manual\u0027})   \u2192 returns 302, internal server NOT hit\n\nAttack path: attacker finds an open redirect on an allowed domain, crafts `/_image?href=https://allowed-cdn.com/redirect?url=http://internal-service/`, and the Worker follows the redirect to the unauthorized destination.\n\n## Impact\n\nBypasses the `image.domains` and `image.remotePatterns` allowlist for the default Cloudflare image service (`cloudflare-binding`). Enables blind SSRF to domains not in the allowlist. Same vulnerability class as GHSA-qpr4-c339-7vq8 (HIGH) which fixed the passthrough endpoint but missed this one.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\n    const content = await (isRemotePath(href) ? fetch(imageSrc, { redirect: \u0027manual\u0027 }) : assets.fetch(imageSrc));",
  "id": "GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6",
  "modified": "2026-04-27T16:42:19Z",
  "published": "2026-04-23T21:52:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-88gm-j2wx-58h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41321"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/a43eb4b40b4f81530e3c9b5e2959495900320433"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qpr4-c339-7vq8"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/releases/tag/%40astrojs%2Fcloudflare%4013.1.10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cloudflare has SSRF via redirect following through its image-binding-transform endpoint (incomplete fix for GHSA-qpr4)"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

Loading timeline…

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41321 (GCVE-0-2026-41321)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41321

GHSA-88GM-J2WX-58H6

Summary

Root Cause

PoC

Impact

Suggested Fix

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour