Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-54880 (GCVE-0-2025-54880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 16:58 – Updated: 2025-08-19 17:09

Title

Mermaid does not properly sanitize architecture diagram iconText leading to XSS

Summary

Mermaid is a JavaScript based diagramming and charting tool that uses Markdown-inspired text definitions and a renderer to create and modify complex diagrams. In the default configuration of mermaid 11.9.0 and earlier, user supplied input for architecture diagram icons is passed to the d3 html() method, creating a sink for cross site scripting. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.10.0.

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-19 17:09 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7868 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa8…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734b…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
mermaid-js	mermaid	Affected: >= 11.1.0, < 11.10.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-54880

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-19 17:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:40

Severity

6.1 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa83302795183ea5c65caec3da1edd6cb4791fc	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4	Product
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw	Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw	Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	mermaid_project	mermaid	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
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    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-54880",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:40:51.440",
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        "impactScore": 2.7,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 5.1,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
          "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-54880",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-19T17:09:29.632307Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-19T17:15:41.060",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa83302795183ea5c65caec3da1edd6cb4791fc"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-79"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8GWM-58G9-J8PW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 20:16 – Updated: 2025-08-20 19:13

Summary

Mermaid does not properly sanitize architecture diagram iconText leading to XSS

Details

Summary

In the default configuration of mermaid 11.9.0, user supplied input for architecture diagram icons is passed to the d3 html() method, creating a sink for cross site scripting.

Details

Architecture diagram service iconText values are passed to the d3 html() method, allowing malicious users to inject arbitrary HTML and cause XSS when mermaid-js is used in it's default configuration.

The vulnerability lies here:

export const drawServices = async function (
  db: ArchitectureDB,
  elem: D3Element,
  services: ArchitectureService[]
): Promise<number> {
  for (const service of services) {
    /** ... **/
    } else if (service.iconText) {
      bkgElem.html(
        `<g>${await getIconSVG('blank', { height: iconSize, width: iconSize, fallbackPrefix: architectureIcons.prefix })}</g>`
      );
      const textElemContainer = bkgElem.append('g');
      const fo = textElemContainer
        .append('foreignObject')
        .attr('width', iconSize)
        .attr('height', iconSize);
      const divElem = fo
        .append('div')
        .attr('class', 'node-icon-text')
        .attr('style', `height: ${iconSize}px;`)
        .append('div')
        .html(service.iconText); // <- iconText passed into innerHTML
       /** ... **/
};
};

This issue was introduced with 734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4, around 15 months ago, which was released in v11.1.0.

PoC

Render the following diagram and observe the modified DOM.

architecture-beta
    group api(cloud)[API]
    service db "<img src=x onerror=\"document.write(`xss on ${document.domain}`)\">" [Database] in api

Here is a PoC on mermaid.live: https://mermaid.live/edit#pako:eNo9T8FOwzAM_ZXI4rBJpWrpRtuIISF24caZZdKyxOsiLUnlJjCo-u9kQ8wX-_n5-dkjKK8ROEhSRxNQhUh4v8cghWMpOvKxZ7I3M3XyUc83L-9v2z9qQPo0CpneMwFPxnZsILU6M--QyNNKCAHaq2jRhfyL0vLZ7jwMiWd3443Q3krjpt38Mv4sgG3WMsi9HHDLjLs4CwcZdGQ08EARM7BISZMgjJdLBIQjWhTAU6nxIOMpCBBuSrJeug_v7b8yPdMdgR_kaUgo9loGXBvZkbS3LqHTSK8-ugC8LMrrEuAjnIEvlnlVL9q6rZu6Lh-rRQbfwKuyyZuybcvqIaWiqKcMfq6uRd7Uy-kXhYFzcA

Impact

XSS on all sites that use mermaid and render user supplied diagrams without further sanitization.

Remediation

Sanitize the value of iconText before passing it to html().

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "mermaid"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.10.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54880"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-19T20:16:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T17:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIn the default configuration of mermaid 11.9.0, user supplied input for architecture diagram icons is passed to the d3 `html()` method, creating a sink for cross site scripting.\n\n### Details\nArchitecture diagram service `iconText` values are passed to the d3 `html()` method, allowing malicious users to inject arbitrary HTML and cause XSS when mermaid-js is used in it\u0027s default configuration. \n\nThe vulnerability lies here:\n\n```ts\nexport const drawServices = async function (\n  db: ArchitectureDB,\n  elem: D3Element,\n  services: ArchitectureService[]\n): Promise\u003cnumber\u003e {\n  for (const service of services) {\n    /** ... **/\n    } else if (service.iconText) {\n      bkgElem.html(\n        `\u003cg\u003e${await getIconSVG(\u0027blank\u0027, { height: iconSize, width: iconSize, fallbackPrefix: architectureIcons.prefix })}\u003c/g\u003e`\n      );\n      const textElemContainer = bkgElem.append(\u0027g\u0027);\n      const fo = textElemContainer\n        .append(\u0027foreignObject\u0027)\n        .attr(\u0027width\u0027, iconSize)\n        .attr(\u0027height\u0027, iconSize);\n      const divElem = fo\n        .append(\u0027div\u0027)\n        .attr(\u0027class\u0027, \u0027node-icon-text\u0027)\n        .attr(\u0027style\u0027, `height: ${iconSize}px;`)\n        .append(\u0027div\u0027)\n        .html(service.iconText); // \u003c- iconText passed into innerHTML\n       /** ... **/\n};\n};\n```\n\nThis issue was introduced with 734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4, around 15 months ago, which was released in [v11.1.0](https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/releases/tag/mermaid%4011.1.0).\n\n### PoC\nRender the following diagram and observe the modified DOM.\n\n```\narchitecture-beta\n    group api(cloud)[API]\n    service db \"\u003cimg src=x onerror=\\\"document.write(`xss on ${document.domain}`)\\\"\u003e\" [Database] in api\n```\n\nHere is a PoC on mermaid.live: https://mermaid.live/edit#pako:eNo9T8FOwzAM_ZXI4rBJpWrpRtuIISF24caZZdKyxOsiLUnlJjCo-u9kQ8wX-_n5-dkjKK8ROEhSRxNQhUh4v8cghWMpOvKxZ7I3M3XyUc83L-9v2z9qQPo0CpneMwFPxnZsILU6M--QyNNKCAHaq2jRhfyL0vLZ7jwMiWd3443Q3krjpt38Mv4sgG3WMsi9HHDLjLs4CwcZdGQ08EARM7BISZMgjJdLBIQjWhTAU6nxIOMpCBBuSrJeug_v7b8yPdMdgR_kaUgo9loGXBvZkbS3LqHTSK8-ugC8LMrrEuAjnIEvlnlVL9q6rZu6Lh-rRQbfwKuyyZuybcvqIaWiqKcMfq6uRd7Uy-kXhYFzcA\n\n### Impact\nXSS on all sites that use mermaid and render user supplied diagrams without further sanitization.\n\n### Remediation\nSanitize the value of `iconText` before passing it to `html()`.",
  "id": "GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw",
  "modified": "2025-08-20T19:13:27Z",
  "published": "2025-08-19T20:16:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54880"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa83302795183ea5c65caec3da1edd6cb4791fc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mermaid does not properly sanitize architecture diagram iconText leading to XSS"
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-54880 (CVE-2025-54880)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-08-19 17:15 – Updated: 2026-10-17 09:36 – Source website

Details

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

6.1 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-54880	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-54880	REPORT
	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/ad…	REPORT
	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa8…	REPORT
	https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734b…	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "node-mermaid",
            "binary_version": "8.13.8+~cs10.4.16-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "node-mermaid",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/node-mermaid@8.13.8+~cs10.4.16-1?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "8.7.0+ds+~cs27.17.17-3",
        "8.13.3+ds+~cs26.13.21-1",
        "8.13.3+ds+~cs26.13.21-2",
        "8.13.8+~cs10.4.16-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "node-mermaid",
            "binary_version": "9.2.2+~2.0.0-2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.10",
        "name": "node-mermaid",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/node-mermaid@9.2.2+~2.0.0-2?arch=source\u0026distro=stonking"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "9.2.2+~2.0.0-1",
        "9.2.2+~2.0.0-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Mermaid is a JavaScript based diagramming and charting tool that uses Markdown-inspired text definitions and a renderer to create and modify complex diagrams. In the default configuration of mermaid 11.9.0 and earlier, user supplied input for architecture diagram icons is passed to the d3 html() method, creating a sink for cross site scripting. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.10.0.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-54880",
  "modified": "2026-10-17T09:36:20Z",
  "published": "2025-08-19T17:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-54880"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-54880"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/security/advisories/GHSA-8gwm-58g9-j8pw"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/2aa83302795183ea5c65caec3da1edd6cb4791fc"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/commit/734bde38777c9190a5a72e96421c83424442d4e4"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-54880"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-54880 (GCVE-0-2025-54880)

FKIE_CVE-2025-54880

GHSA-8GWM-58G9-J8PW

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Remediation

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-54880 (CVE-2025-54880)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour