CVE-2025-32032 (GCVE-0-2025-32032)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-07 20:44 – Updated: 2025-04-08 14:52

Title

Apollo Router Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass

Summary

The Apollo Router Core is a configurable, high-performance graph router written in Rust to run a federated supergraph that uses Apollo Federation 2. A vulnerability in Apollo Router allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can exhaust router's thread pool, rendering it inoperable. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service. This has been remediated in apollo-router versions 1.61.2 and 2.1.1.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-08 14:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/ab…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/bb…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
apollographql	router	Affected: < 1.61.2 Affected: >= 2.0.0-alpha.0, < 2.1.1	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-32032

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-04-07 21:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:11

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/ab6675a63174715ea6ff50881fc957831d4e9564
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/bba032e183b861348a466d3123c7137a1ae18952
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/advisories/GHSA-94hh-jmq8-2fgp

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
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    }
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GHSA-94HH-JMQ8-2FGP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 18:56 – Updated: 2025-04-08 17:50

Summary

Apollo Router Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass

Details

Impact

Summary

A vulnerability in Apollo Router allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.

Details

The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can exhaust router's thread pool, rendering it inoperable.

Fix/Mitigation

A new Query Optimization Limit metric has been added:
This metric approximates the number of selections that cannot be skipped by the existing optimization.
The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.

Given the complexity of query planning optimizations, we will continue refining these solutions based on real-world performance and accuracy tests.

Patches

This has been remediated in apollo-router versions 1.61.2 and 2.1.1.

Workarounds

The only known workaround is "Safelisting" or "Safelisting with IDs only" per Safelisting with Persisted Queries - Apollo GraphQL Docs.

References

Query Planning Documentation

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "apollo-router"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.61.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "apollo-router"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0-alpha.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32032"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-07T18:56:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T21:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "# Impact\n\n## Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Apollo Router allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.\n\n## Details\n\nThe query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can exhaust router\u0027s thread pool, rendering it inoperable.\n\n## Fix/Mitigation\n\n- A new **Query Optimization Limit** metric has been added:\n  - This metric approximates the number of selections that cannot be skipped by the existing optimization.\n  - The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.\n\nGiven the complexity of query planning optimizations, we will continue refining these solutions based on real-world performance and accuracy tests.\n\n# Patches\n\nThis has been remediated in `apollo-router` versions 1.61.2 and 2.1.1.\n\n# Workarounds\n\nThe only known workaround is \"Safelisting\" or \"Safelisting with IDs only\" per [Safelisting with Persisted Queries - Apollo GraphQL Docs](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/routing/security/persisted-queries#router-security-levels).\n\n# References\n\n[Query Planning Documentation](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/reference/federation/query-plans)\n\n## Acknowledgements\n\nWe appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.",
  "id": "GHSA-94hh-jmq8-2fgp",
  "modified": "2025-04-08T17:50:00Z",
  "published": "2025-04-07T18:56:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/advisories/GHSA-94hh-jmq8-2fgp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/ab6675a63174715ea6ff50881fc957831d4e9564"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/bba032e183b861348a466d3123c7137a1ae18952"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apollo Router Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Action not permitted

CVE-2025-32032 (GCVE-0-2025-32032)

FKIE_CVE-2025-32032

GHSA-94HH-JMQ8-2FGP

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