CVE-2026-57438 (GCVE-0-2026-57438)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 14:39 – Updated: 2026-06-25 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nokogiri: Possible Use-After-Free in XInclude Processing
Summary
Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, XInclude substitution performed by Nokogiri::XML::Node#do_xinclude replaced each <xi:include> in place, freeing the include node along with its children (such as <xi:fallback> and its descendants) and any namespaces declared on them. If an application had already exposed one of those nodes or namespaces to Ruby, the corresponding Ruby object was left pointing at freed memory. Using the object could result in invalid reads or writes to memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 16:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sparklemotion | nokogiri |
Affected:
< 1.19.4
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57438",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-25T16:23:37.751403Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T16:23:43.395Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nokogiri",
"vendor": "sparklemotion",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.19.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, XInclude substitution performed by Nokogiri::XML::Node#do_xinclude replaced each \u003cxi:include\u003e in place, freeing the include node along with its children (such as \u003cxi:fallback\u003e and its descendants) and any namespaces declared on them. If an application had already exposed one of those nodes or namespaces to Ruby, the corresponding Ruby object was left pointing at freed memory. Using the object could result in invalid reads or writes to memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.4."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 2.2,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416: Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T14:39:23.239Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Nokogiri: Possible Use-After-Free in XInclude Processing"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-57438",
"datePublished": "2026-06-25T14:39:23.239Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T13:21:20.729Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T16:23:43.395Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-57438",
"date": "2026-11-01",
"epss": "0.00125",
"percentile": "0.02163"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T15:38:34.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-57438",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2026-57438",
"initial_release_date": "2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Nokogiri: Possible Use-After-Free in XInclude Processing",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-57438.json",
"version": "2"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "nokogiri",
"vendor": "sparklemotion",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.19.4"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "1E436D65-41E3-459F-9D7F-3CD5BB2BFCB1",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.19.4",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, XInclude substitution performed by Nokogiri::XML::Node#do_xinclude replaced each \u003cxi:include\u003e in place, freeing the include node along with its children (such as \u003cxi:fallback\u003e and its descendants) and any namespaces declared on them. If an application had already exposed one of those nodes or namespaces to Ruby, the corresponding Ruby object was left pointing at freed memory. Using the object could result in invalid reads or writes to memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.4."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Nokogiri es una biblioteca XML y HTML de c\u00f3digo abierto para el lenguaje de programaci\u00f3n Ruby. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 1.19.4, la sustituci\u00f3n de XInclude realizada por Nokogiri::XML::Node#do_xinclude reemplazaba cada \u003cxi:include\u003e en su lugar, liberando el nodo de inclusi\u00f3n junto con sus hijos (como \u003cxi:fallback\u003e y sus descendientes) y cualquier espacio de nombres declarado en ellos. Si una aplicaci\u00f3n ya hab\u00eda expuesto uno de esos nodos o espacios de nombres a Ruby, el objeto Ruby correspondiente quedaba apuntando a memoria liberada. El uso del objeto podr\u00eda resultar en lecturas o escrituras inv\u00e1lidas en la memoria. Esta vulnerabilidad est\u00e1 corregida en la versi\u00f3n 1.19.4."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-57438",
"lastModified": "2026-10-25T22:10:00.150",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 4.7,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 2.2,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57438",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-25T16:23:37.751403Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-06-25T16:16:42.130",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-26T11:09:07+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-57438",
"id": "CVE-2026-57438",
"initial_release_date": "2026-06-25T14:39:23.239000+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "17",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "nokogiri: rubygem-nokogiri: Nokogiri: Memory corruption due to XInclude substitution",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-57438.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57438",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-25T16:23:37.751403Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T16:23:40.327Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nokogiri",
"vendor": "sparklemotion",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.19.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for the Ruby programming language. Prior to 1.19.4, XInclude substitution performed by Nokogiri::XML::Node#do_xinclude replaced each \u003cxi:include\u003e in place, freeing the include node along with its children (such as \u003cxi:fallback\u003e and its descendants) and any namespaces declared on them. If an application had already exposed one of those nodes or namespaces to Ruby, the corresponding Ruby object was left pointing at freed memory. Using the object could result in invalid reads or writes to memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.19.4."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 2.2,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416: Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T14:39:23.239Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-wfpw-mmfh-qq69",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Nokogiri: Possible Use-After-Free in XInclude Processing"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-57438",
"datePublished": "2026-06-25T14:39:23.239Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T13:21:20.729Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-25T16:23:43.395Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.