Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-54890 (GCVE-0-2026-54890)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55

Title

BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding

Summary

Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as "Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)". The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings). Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011). This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-27 18:18 UTC

CWE

CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
CWE-1284 - Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input

Assigner

EEF CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard A 97/100 over 341 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories…	vendor-advisoryrelated
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html	related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890	related
https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o…	x_version-scheme
https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0c…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Erlang	OTP	Affected: 15.0 , < * (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp::::::::
Erlang	OTP	Affected: 27.0 , < * (otp) Affected: 24ef4cbaeda9b9c26682cba75f2f15b0c58722aa , < dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd (git) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp::::::::

Credits

Paul Guyot Lukas Backström John Högberg

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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            "value": "Vulnerabilidad de desbordamiento negativo de entero (wrap o wraparound) en erlang otp erlang/otp (m\u00f3dulos erts), erlang otp erts (m\u00f3dulos erts) permite el desbordamiento de entero forzado, asignaci\u00f3n excesiva. Esta vulnerabilidad est\u00e1 asociada con los archivos de programa erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.\n\nEl gestor de la etiqueta BIT_BINARY_EXT (77) en el decodificador de Formato de T\u00e9rmino Externo (ETF) acepta una codificaci\u00f3n con los campos de longitud y bits finales (trailing-bits) establecidos a cero. El c\u00e1lculo subsiguiente del tama\u00f1o de la cadena de bits (bitstring) causa un desbordamiento negativo en un entero sin signo, produciendo un valor de aproximadamente 2^64 que luego se pasa como tama\u00f1o de asignaci\u00f3n de memoria. El asignador aborta el nodo completo con un mensaje como \u2019Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\u2019.\n\nEl fallo es una anulaci\u00f3n a nivel de VM, no una excepci\u00f3n a nivel de Erlang. No puede ser interceptado por \u00e1rboles de supervisi\u00f3n, por try/catch, o pasando la opci\u00f3n [safe] a binary_to_term/2 (que solo restringe la creaci\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos y no realiza la validaci\u00f3n estructural de las codificaciones binarias).\n\nCualquier aplicaci\u00f3n que decodifique ETF de fuentes no confiables a trav\u00e9s de binary_to_term/1,2 o enif_binary_to_term() est\u00e1 expuesta. El protocolo de distribuci\u00f3n de Erlang tambi\u00e9n decodifica los t\u00e9rminos entrantes a trav\u00e9s de la misma ruta de c\u00f3digo, pero se espera que la distribuci\u00f3n se ejecute en redes confiables seg\u00fan las Directrices de Codificaci\u00f3n Segura de OTP (DSG-011).\n\nEste problema afecta a OTP desde OTP 27.0 antes de OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 y OTP 27.3.4.15, correspondiendo a erts desde 15.0 antes de 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 y 15.2.7.11."
          }
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        "id": "CVE-2026-54890",
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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-54890

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-07-27 16:17 - Updated: 2026-10-24 13:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html	Patch, Third Party Advisory
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd	Patch
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86	Vendor Advisory
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890	Patch, Third Party Advisory
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions	Release Notes

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
erlang	erlang\/otp	*
erlang	erlang\/otp	*
erlang	erlang\/otp	*
erlang	erts	*
erlang	erts	*
erlang	erts	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "cpes": [
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      ],
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.\n\nThe BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as \"Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\".\n\nThe crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).\n\nAny application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP\u00a029.0.4, OTP\u00a028.5.0.4 and OTP\u00a027.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Vulnerabilidad de desbordamiento negativo de entero (wrap o wraparound) en erlang otp erlang/otp (m\u00f3dulos erts), erlang otp erts (m\u00f3dulos erts) permite el desbordamiento de entero forzado, asignaci\u00f3n excesiva. Esta vulnerabilidad est\u00e1 asociada con los archivos de programa erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.\n\nEl gestor de la etiqueta BIT_BINARY_EXT (77) en el decodificador de Formato de T\u00e9rmino Externo (ETF) acepta una codificaci\u00f3n con los campos de longitud y bits finales (trailing-bits) establecidos a cero. El c\u00e1lculo subsiguiente del tama\u00f1o de la cadena de bits (bitstring) causa un desbordamiento negativo en un entero sin signo, produciendo un valor de aproximadamente 2^64 que luego se pasa como tama\u00f1o de asignaci\u00f3n de memoria. El asignador aborta el nodo completo con un mensaje como \u2019Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\u2019.\n\nEl fallo es una anulaci\u00f3n a nivel de VM, no una excepci\u00f3n a nivel de Erlang. No puede ser interceptado por \u00e1rboles de supervisi\u00f3n, por try/catch, o pasando la opci\u00f3n [safe] a binary_to_term/2 (que solo restringe la creaci\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos y no realiza la validaci\u00f3n estructural de las codificaciones binarias).\n\nCualquier aplicaci\u00f3n que decodifique ETF de fuentes no confiables a trav\u00e9s de binary_to_term/1,2 o enif_binary_to_term() est\u00e1 expuesta. El protocolo de distribuci\u00f3n de Erlang tambi\u00e9n decodifica los t\u00e9rminos entrantes a trav\u00e9s de la misma ruta de c\u00f3digo, pero se espera que la distribuci\u00f3n se ejecute en redes confiables seg\u00fan las Directrices de Codificaci\u00f3n Segura de OTP (DSG-011).\n\nEste problema afecta a OTP desde OTP 27.0 antes de OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 y OTP 27.3.4.15, correspondiendo a erts desde 15.0 antes de 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 y 15.2.7.11."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-54890",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-24T13:10:00.147",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.2,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
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          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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        "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "type": "Secondary"
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        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
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          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-07-27T18:18:57.223218Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  },
  "published": "2026-07-27T16:17:41.437",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
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    },
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      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
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      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "tags": [
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  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-191"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-789"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1284"
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:11559-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2026-08-20 00:00 - Updated: 2026-10-15 17:16

Summary

erlang-28.5.0.4-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

24 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-54890.

CVE-2026-54890

5.9 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Recommended: 80 products

Open the full advisory

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:11560-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2026-08-20 00:00 - Updated: 2026-10-15 17:16

Summary

erlang27-27.1.3-3.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

21 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-54890.

CVE-2026-54890

5.9 (Medium)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Recommended: 80 products

Open the full advisory

RHSA-2026:47009

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2026-07-28 02:50 - Updated: 2026-10-05 18:14

Summary

Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update

Severity

Critical

Scope

5 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2026-54890.

CVE-2026-54890

A flaw was found in Erlang/OTP. A remote attacker can exploit an integer underflow vulnerability in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder, specifically within the `binary_to_term` function. By sending a specially crafted ETF payload with a zero-length `BIT_BINARY_EXT` tag, the attacker can trigger an unsigned integer underflow. This leads to an attempt to allocate an excessively large amount of memory, causing the Erlang Virtual Machine (VM) to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This VM-level crash cannot be handled by standard Erlang error mechanisms.

7.5 (High)


                
                  CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Fixed: 79 products

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47009

Open the full advisory

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54890 (CVE-2026-54890)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2026-07-27 16:17 – Updated: 2026-09-28 20:31 – Source website

Details

Severity

8.2 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-54890	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54890	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8827-1	ADVISORY

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "erlang",
            "binary_version": "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1"
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            "binary_version": "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1"
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-base",
            "binary_version": "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1"
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            "binary_version": "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1"
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-debugger",
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            "binary_name": "erlang-dialyzer",
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-eldap",
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-et",
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-eunit",
            "binary_version": "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1"
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-examples",
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          {
            "binary_name": "erlang-runtime-tools",
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      "package": {
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        "name": "erlang",
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
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      "versions": [
        "1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1build1",
        "1:27.3.4.3+dfsg-1",
        "1:27.3.4.4+dfsg-1",
        "1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as \"Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\". The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings). Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011). This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP\u00a029.0.4, OTP\u00a028.5.0.4 and OTP\u00a027.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54890",
  "modified": "2026-09-28T20:31:10Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T16:17:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-54890"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54890"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8827-1"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    "USN-8827-1"
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-54890"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

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Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-54890 (GCVE-0-2026-54890)

FKIE_CVE-2026-54890

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:11559-1

OPENSUSE-SU-2026:11560-1

RHSA-2026:47009

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54890 (CVE-2026-54890)

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