CVE-2026-49478 (GCVE-0-2026-49478)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 13:08 – Updated: 2026-08-15 03:14
VLAI
Title
Fulcio has OIDC Discovery Redirect Following Allows SSRF and JWKS Substitution for Meta-Issuer Paths, with Kubernetes Service-Account Token Leakage
Summary
Fulcio is a certificate authority for issuing code signing certificates for an OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity. Versions through 1.8.5 improperly follow cross-host redirects and attach Kubernetes ServiceAccount tokens during OIDC discovery, allowing a malicious or compromised issuer to perform blind SSRF, substitute and cache malicious JWKS keys, or disclose ServiceAccount tokens to external hosts. Version 1.8.6 blocks cross-host redirects, restricts token injection, and restricts local token loading. No known workarounds are available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-15 03:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7984 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
sigstore fulcio Affected: < 1.8.6
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-49478",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-15T03:14:38.396830Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-15T03:14:47.189Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "fulcio",
          "vendor": "sigstore",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.8.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Fulcio is a certificate authority for issuing code signing certificates for an OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity. Versions through 1.8.5 improperly follow cross-host redirects and attach Kubernetes ServiceAccount tokens during OIDC discovery, allowing a malicious or compromised issuer to perform blind SSRF, substitute and cache malicious JWKS keys, or disclose ServiceAccount tokens to external hosts. Version 1.8.6 blocks cross-host redirects, restricts token injection, and restricts local token loading. No known workarounds are available."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-918",
              "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T13:08:21.498Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/security/advisories/GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/security/advisories/GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/pull/2354",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/pull/2354"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/commit/378c654f48c3bafdced04ead7010aab2cb4c6ca1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/commit/378c654f48c3bafdced04ead7010aab2cb4c6ca1"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/releases/tag/v1.8.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/releases/tag/v1.8.6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Fulcio has OIDC Discovery Redirect Following Allows SSRF and JWKS Substitution for Meta-Issuer Paths, with Kubernetes Service-Account Token Leakage"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-49478",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-13T13:08:21.498Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-30T04:17:43.095Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-15T03:14:47.189Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-49478",
      "date": "2026-11-02",
      "epss": "0.00282",
      "percentile": "0.20705"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "fulcio",
                "vendor": "sigstore",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 1.8.6"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Fulcio is a certificate authority for issuing code signing certificates for an OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity. Versions through 1.8.5 improperly follow cross-host redirects and attach Kubernetes ServiceAccount tokens during OIDC discovery, allowing a malicious or compromised issuer to perform blind SSRF, substitute and cache malicious JWKS keys, or disclose ServiceAccount tokens to external hosts. Version 1.8.6 blocks cross-host redirects, restricts token injection, and restricts local token loading. No known workarounds are available."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Fulcio es una autoridad de certificaci\u00f3n para emitir certificados de firma de c\u00f3digo para una identidad de OpenID Connect (OIDC). Las versiones hasta la 1.8.5 siguen incorrectamente las redirecciones entre hosts y adjuntan tokens de Kubernetes ServiceAccount durante el descubrimiento de OIDC, lo que permite a un emisor malicioso o comprometido realizar SSRF ciego, sustituir y almacenar en cach\u00e9 claves JWKS maliciosas, o divulgar tokens de ServiceAccount a hosts externos. La versi\u00f3n 1.8.6 bloquea las redirecciones entre hosts, restringe la inyecci\u00f3n de tokens y restringe la carga local de tokens. No se conocen soluciones alternativas disponibles."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-49478",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-24T16:10:00.153",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 8.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 5.8,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-49478",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-15T03:14:38.396830Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-08-13T13:19:09.790",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/commit/378c654f48c3bafdced04ead7010aab2cb4c6ca1"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/pull/2354"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/releases/tag/v1.8.6"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/security/advisories/GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-918"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-01T05:02:12+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-49478",
      "id": "CVE-2026-49478",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-06-30T18:40:39+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "8",
      "product_status:known_affected": "189",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "132",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "github.com/sigstore/fulcio: Fulcio: Server-Side Request Forgery and Kubernetes ServiceAccount token leakage",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-49478.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-49478",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-08-15T03:14:38.396830Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-08-15T03:14:42.983Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "fulcio",
              "vendor": "sigstore",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 1.8.6"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Fulcio is a certificate authority for issuing code signing certificates for an OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity. Versions through 1.8.5 improperly follow cross-host redirects and attach Kubernetes ServiceAccount tokens during OIDC discovery, allowing a malicious or compromised issuer to perform blind SSRF, substitute and cache malicious JWKS keys, or disclose ServiceAccount tokens to external hosts. Version 1.8.6 blocks cross-host redirects, restricts token injection, and restricts local token loading. No known workarounds are available."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 8.7,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-918",
                  "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T13:08:21.498Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/security/advisories/GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/security/advisories/GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/pull/2354",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/pull/2354"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/commit/378c654f48c3bafdced04ead7010aab2cb4c6ca1",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/commit/378c654f48c3bafdced04ead7010aab2cb4c6ca1"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/releases/tag/v1.8.6",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/sigstore/fulcio/releases/tag/v1.8.6"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-f5mr-q85p-6hh6",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Fulcio has OIDC Discovery Redirect Following Allows SSRF and JWKS Substitution for Meta-Issuer Paths, with Kubernetes Service-Account Token Leakage"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-49478",
        "datePublished": "2026-08-13T13:08:21.498Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-30T04:17:43.095Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-15T03:14:47.189Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.