CVE-2026-102266 (GCVE-0-2026-102266)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 20:21 – Updated: 2026-09-29 19:35
VLAI
Title
PyJWK accepts empty HMAC keys, bypassing PyJWT's empty-key validation
Summary
PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.13.0 until 2.14.0, HMACAlgorithm.from_jwk is affected because PyJWK verification path used the decoded key without applying prepare_key validation. This occurs when a trusted JWK Set contains an oct entry with an empty k value. As a result, an attacker signs an HMAC token with the same zero-length key accepted by PyJWT. Consequently, forged token can carry arbitrary authenticated claims. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 19:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7994 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
jpadilla pyjwt Affected: >= 2.13.0, < 2.14.0
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-102266",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-29T19:28:36.086597Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:35:42.049Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "pyjwt",
          "vendor": "jpadilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.13.0, \u003c 2.14.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.13.0 until 2.14.0, HMACAlgorithm.from_jwk is affected because PyJWK verification path used the decoded key without applying prepare_key validation. This occurs when a trusted JWK Set contains an oct entry with an empty k value. As a result, an attacker signs an HMAC token with the same zero-length key accepted by PyJWT. Consequently, forged token can carry arbitrary authenticated claims. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.4,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-347",
              "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T20:21:26.164Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/f91ed44dd65baaf457f4b3353ed35e98a753934c",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/f91ed44dd65baaf457f4b3353ed35e98a753934c"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/releases/tag/2.14.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/releases/tag/2.14.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "PyJWK accepts empty HMAC keys, bypassing PyJWT\u0027s empty-key validation"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-102266",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-28T20:21:26.164Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-28T20:11:16.658Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:35:42.049Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-102266",
      "date": "2026-10-29",
      "epss": "0.00225",
      "percentile": "0.13153"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "pyjwt",
                "vendor": "jpadilla",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 2.13.0, \u003c 2.14.0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:pyjwt_project:pyjwt:2.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "2E8D3157-85D1-4276-A526-77BD2F16C9A3",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.13.0 until 2.14.0, HMACAlgorithm.from_jwk is affected because PyJWK verification path used the decoded key without applying prepare_key validation. This occurs when a trusted JWK Set contains an oct entry with an empty k value. As a result, an attacker signs an HMAC token with the same zero-length key accepted by PyJWT. Consequently, forged token can carry arbitrary authenticated claims. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.0."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-102266",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-07T20:55:07.653",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 7.4,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 9.1,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-102266",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-29T19:28:36.086597Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-28T21:17:14.257",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/f91ed44dd65baaf457f4b3353ed35e98a753934c"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Product",
              "Release Notes"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/releases/tag/2.14.0"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-347"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-29T20:12:48+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-102266",
      "id": "CVE-2026-102266",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-28T20:21:26.164000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "35",
      "product_status:known_affected": "128",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "446",
      "product_status:under_investigation": "48",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "pyjwt: pyjwt: Authentication bypass via empty HMAC key acceptance",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-102266.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-102266",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-09-29T19:28:36.086597Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:35:35.828Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "pyjwt",
              "vendor": "jpadilla",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003e= 2.13.0, \u003c 2.14.0"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.13.0 until 2.14.0, HMACAlgorithm.from_jwk is affected because PyJWK verification path used the decoded key without applying prepare_key validation. This occurs when a trusted JWK Set contains an oct entry with an empty k value. As a result, an attacker signs an HMAC token with the same zero-length key accepted by PyJWT. Consequently, forged token can carry arbitrary authenticated claims. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.0."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 7.4,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-347",
                  "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T20:21:26.164Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/f91ed44dd65baaf457f4b3353ed35e98a753934c",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/f91ed44dd65baaf457f4b3353ed35e98a753934c"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/releases/tag/2.14.0",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/releases/tag/2.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-9j54-fg26-wv3r",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "PyJWK accepts empty HMAC keys, bypassing PyJWT\u0027s empty-key validation"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-102266",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-28T20:21:26.164Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-09-28T20:11:16.658Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T19:35:42.049Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.