CVE-2025-6545 (GCVE-0-2025-6545)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-23 18:41 – Updated: 2025-06-23 19:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pbkdf2 silently returns predictable uninitialized/zero-filled memory for non-normalized or unimplemented algos supported by Node.js
Summary
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/to-buffer.Js.
This issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-23 19:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/security/adv… | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/96990… | x_introduced-by |
| https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/e3102… | patch |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-6545",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-23T19:26:28.859577Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T19:26:40.223Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/pbkdf2",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pbkdf2",
"programFiles": [
"lib/to-buffer.js"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.1.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.10",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation.\u003cp\u003e This vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003elib/to-buffer.Js\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/to-buffer.Js.\n\nThis issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-475",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-475 Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T18:44:04.897Z",
"orgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"shortName": "harborist"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-h7cp-r72f-jxh6"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_introduced-by"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/9699045c37a07f8319cfb8d44e2ff4252d7a7078"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/e3102a8cd4830a3ac85cd0dd011cc002fdde33bb"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "pbkdf2 silently returns predictable uninitialized/zero-filled memory for non-normalized or unimplemented algos supported by Node.js",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"assignerShortName": "harborist",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-6545",
"datePublished": "2025-06-23T18:41:18.771Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-23T18:39:39.611Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T19:26:40.223Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-6545",
"date": "2026-10-28",
"epss": "0.00447",
"percentile": "0.38775"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/pbkdf2",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pbkdf2",
"programFiles": [
"lib/to-buffer.js"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.1.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.10",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/to-buffer.Js.\n\nThis issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "La vulnerabilidad de validaci\u00f3n de entrada incorrecta en pbkdf2 permite la suplantaci\u00f3n de firma mediante validaci\u00f3n incorrecta. Esta vulnerabilidad est\u00e1 asociada con los archivos de programa lib/to-buffer.Js. Este problema afecta a pbkdf2 desde la versi\u00f3n 3.0.10 hasta la 3.1.2."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-6545",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:02:07.243",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-6545",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-23T19:26:28.859577Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-06-23T19:15:25.220",
"references": [
{
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/9699045c37a07f8319cfb8d44e2ff4252d7a7078"
},
{
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/e3102a8cd4830a3ac85cd0dd011cc002fdde33bb"
},
{
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-h7cp-r72f-jxh6"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-20"
}
],
"source": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-10-27T02:26:19+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-6545",
"id": "CVE-2025-6545",
"initial_release_date": "2025-06-23T18:41:18.771000+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "22",
"product_status:known_affected": "16",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "256",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "pbkdf2: pbkdf2 silently returns predictable key material",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-6545.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-6545",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-23T19:26:28.859577Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T19:26:33.879Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/pbkdf2",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pbkdf2",
"programFiles": [
"lib/to-buffer.js"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.1.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.10",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation.\u003cp\u003e This vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003elib/to-buffer.Js\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/to-buffer.Js.\n\nThis issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-475",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-475 Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T18:44:04.897Z",
"orgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"shortName": "harborist"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-h7cp-r72f-jxh6"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_introduced-by"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/9699045c37a07f8319cfb8d44e2ff4252d7a7078"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/browserify/pbkdf2/commit/e3102a8cd4830a3ac85cd0dd011cc002fdde33bb"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "pbkdf2 silently returns predictable uninitialized/zero-filled memory for non-normalized or unimplemented algos supported by Node.js",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"assignerShortName": "harborist",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-6545",
"datePublished": "2025-06-23T18:41:18.771Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-23T18:39:39.611Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T19:26:40.223Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.