CVE-2024-43401 (GCVE-0-2024-43401)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-19 16:24 – Updated: 2024-08-21 14:23
VLAI
Title
In XWiki Platform, payloads stored in content is executed when a user with script/programming right edit them
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. A user without script/programming right can trick a user with elevated rights to edit a content with a malicious payload using a WYSIWYG editor. The user with elevated rights is not warned beforehand that they are going to edit possibly dangerous content. The payload is executed at edit time. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 15.10RC1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-21 14:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8024 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
xwiki xwiki-platform Affected: < 15.10-rc-1
guessed Create a notification for this product.
xwiki xwiki-platform Affected: 0 , < 15.10-rc-1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki-platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki-platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "xwiki-platform",
            "vendor": "xwiki",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "15.10-rc-1",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-43401",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-08-21T14:22:37.541699Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-21T14:23:29.403Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "xwiki-platform",
          "vendor": "xwiki",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 15.10-rc-1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. A user without script/programming right can trick a user with elevated rights to edit a content with a malicious payload using a WYSIWYG editor. The user with elevated rights is not warned beforehand that they are going to edit possibly dangerous content. The payload is executed at edit time. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 15.10RC1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-269",
              "description": "CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-08-19T16:24:29.698Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20331",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20331"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21311",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21311"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21481",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21481"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21482",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21482"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21483",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21483"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21484",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21484"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21485",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21485"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21486",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21486"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21487",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21487"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21488",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21488"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21489",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21489"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21490",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21490"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "In XWiki Platform, payloads stored in content is executed when a user with script/programming right edit them"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-43401",
    "datePublished": "2024-08-19T16:24:29.698Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-08-12T18:02:04.965Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-21T14:23:29.403Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-43401",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.00677",
      "percentile": "0.52277"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "xwiki-platform",
                "vendor": "xwiki",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 15.10-rc-1"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          },
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki-platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "xwiki-platform",
                "vendor": "xwiki",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "15.10-rc-1",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3F43BCF2-61DD-4B7A-BE47-54883DDEE567",
                    "versionEndIncluding": "15.9",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. A user without script/programming right can trick a user with elevated rights to edit a content with a malicious payload using a WYSIWYG editor. The user with elevated rights is not warned beforehand that they are going to edit possibly dangerous content. The payload is executed at edit time. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 15.10RC1."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "XWiki Platform es una plataforma wiki gen\u00e9rica que ofrece servicios de ejecuci\u00f3n para aplicaciones creadas sobre ella. Un usuario sin derechos de script/programaci\u00f3n puede enga\u00f1ar a un usuario con derechos elevados para editar un contenido con un payload malicioso utilizando un editor WYSIWYG. Al usuario con derechos elevados no se le advierte de antemano que va a editar contenido posiblemente peligroso. La carga \u00fatil se ejecuta en el momento de la edici\u00f3n. Esta vulnerabilidad ha sido parcheada en XWiki 15.10RC1."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2024-43401",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:50:58.557",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.0,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.3,
              "impactScore": 6.0,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.0,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.1,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-43401",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-08-21T14:22:37.541699Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2024-08-19T17:15:09.317",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20331"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21311"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21481"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21482"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21483"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21484"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21485"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21486"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21487"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21488"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21489"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21490"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-269"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-862"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-05-28T21:56:06+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-43401",
      "id": "CVE-2024-43401",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "In XWiki Platform, payloads stored in content is executed when a user with script/programming right edit them",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-43401.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "affected": [
              {
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki-platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "xwiki-platform",
                "vendor": "xwiki",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "15.10-rc-1",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2024-43401",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2024-08-21T14:22:37.541699Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-08-21T14:23:20.796Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "xwiki-platform",
              "vendor": "xwiki",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 15.10-rc-1"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. A user without script/programming right can trick a user with elevated rights to edit a content with a malicious payload using a WYSIWYG editor. The user with elevated rights is not warned beforehand that they are going to edit possibly dangerous content. The payload is executed at edit time. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 15.10RC1."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.1,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-269",
                  "description": "CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2024-08-19T16:24:29.698Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20331",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20331"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21311",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21311"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21481",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21481"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21482",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21482"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21483",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21483"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21484",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21484"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21485",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21485"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21486",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21486"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21487",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21487"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21488",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21488"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21489",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21489"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21490",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21490"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-f963-4cq8-2gw7",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "In XWiki Platform, payloads stored in content is executed when a user with script/programming right edit them"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2024-43401",
        "datePublished": "2024-08-19T16:24:29.698Z",
        "dateReserved": "2024-08-12T18:02:04.965Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2024-08-21T14:23:29.403Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.