Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-27602 (GCVE-0-2026-27602)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 18:49 – Updated: 2026-03-25 18:49

Title

Modoboa has an OS Command Injection

Summary

Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.

Severity ?

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa1…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	modoboa	modoboa	Affected: < 2.7.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "modoboa",
          "vendor": "modoboa",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.7.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T18:49:25.825Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa133d3608fe8c25ae39125d1012c333cbfa",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa133d3608fe8c25ae39125d1012c333cbfa"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Modoboa has an OS Command Injection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-27602",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-25T18:49:25.825Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-20T19:43:14.602Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T18:49:25.825Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-27602\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-03-25T19:16:48.430\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-03-25T19:16:48.430\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.2,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"HIGH\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.2,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-78\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa133d3608fe8c25ae39125d1012c333cbfa\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"}]}}"
  }
}

GHSA-WWV8-CQPR-VX3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 17:03 – Updated: 2026-03-25 17:03

Summary

Modoboa has OS Command Injection

Details

Summary

exec_cmd() in modoboa/lib/sysutils.py always runs subprocess calls with shell=True. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server.

Details

The root cause is in modoboa/lib/sysutils.py:31:

kwargs["shell"] = True
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)

When a create a domain is created with DKIM enabled, the domain name gets embedded into a shell command like this:

exec_cmd(f"openssl genrsa -out {dkim_storage_dir}/{domain.name}.pem {key_size}")

If the domain name contains something like $(id>/tmp/proof).example.com, the shell executes the injected command before running openssl.

The same pattern appears in several other places:

modoboa/admin/jobs.py:38 — mailbox rename via mv using full_address
modoboa/amavis/lib.py:202 — sa-learn using domain.name
modoboa/admin/models/mailbox.py:150 — doveadm user using full_address
modoboa/maillog/graphics.py:105–107 — rrdtool using domain.name
modoboa/webmail/models.py:54–57 — doveadm move/delete using account.email

PoC

Deploy modoboa <= 2.7.0
Log in as a Reseller or SuperAdmin
Create a new domain named $(id>/tmp/proof).example.com with DKIM enabled
SSH into the server and read /tmp/proof

Something like this will be displayed:

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Confirmed on commit b521bcb4f (latest main at time of discovery).

Impact

An attacker with Reseller-level access (or higher) can execute arbitrary OS commands on the mail server — in a typical Modoboa deployment this means running as root. All six identified sinks are reachable through normal application workflows.

Severity ?

7.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.7.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "modoboa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27602"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-25T17:03:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server.\n\n### Details\n\nThe root cause is in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py:31`:\n\n```python\nkwargs[\"shell\"] = True\nprocess = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)\n```\n\nWhen a create a domain is created with DKIM enabled, the domain name gets embedded into a shell command like this:\n\n```python\nexec_cmd(f\"openssl genrsa -out {dkim_storage_dir}/{domain.name}.pem {key_size}\")\n```\n\nIf the domain name contains something like `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com`, the shell executes the injected command before running openssl.\n\nThe same pattern appears in several other places:\n\n- `modoboa/admin/jobs.py:38` \u2014 mailbox rename via `mv` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/amavis/lib.py:202` \u2014 `sa-learn` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/admin/models/mailbox.py:150` \u2014 `doveadm user` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/maillog/graphics.py:105\u2013107` \u2014 `rrdtool` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/webmail/models.py:54\u201357` \u2014 `doveadm move/delete` using `account.email`\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Deploy modoboa \u003c= 2.7.0\n2. Log in as a Reseller or SuperAdmin\n3. Create a new domain named `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com` with DKIM enabled\n4. SSH into the server and read `/tmp/proof`\n\nSomething like this will be displayed:\n\n```\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n```\n\nConfirmed on commit b521bcb4f (latest main at time of discovery).\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker with Reseller-level access (or higher) can execute arbitrary OS commands on the mail server \u2014 in a typical Modoboa deployment this means running as root. All six identified sinks are reachable through normal application workflows.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m",
  "modified": "2026-03-25T17:03:37Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T17:03:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa133d3608fe8c25ae39125d1012c333cbfa"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Modoboa has OS Command Injection"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-27602 (GCVE-0-2026-27602)

GHSA-WWV8-CQPR-VX3M

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature