Find a vulnerability

{
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In Zephyr\u0027s userspace dynamic-objects subsystem, thread_idx_alloc() in kernel/userspace/userspace.c allocated a new thread permission index from the global _thread_idx_map[] bitmap without holding lists_lock.\n\nOn SMP systems, two user-mode threads invoking the k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD) syscall concurrently can both observe the same low free bit, perform the same non-atomic RMW to clear it, and return the identical tidx.\n\nThe two newly created K_OBJ_THREAD objects are then assigned the same thread_id, so the two user threads alias a single bit position in every kernel object\u0027s perms[] bitfield: any subsequent grant of access on a kernel object to one thread is implicitly a grant to the other, defeating userspace ACL isolation. A secondary lost-update window between the unlocked \u0026=~BIT() in alloc and the locked |= BIT() in thread_idx_free() can also leak entries from the thread-index pool.\n\nThe defect is reachable from any user-mode thread via the unrestricted __syscall k_object_alloc and is gated on CONFIG_USERSPACE, CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS, and CONFIG_SMP. The flaw was introduced when the per-thread permission index was added in 2018 and is present in every release up to and including v4.4.0. Fixed by holding lists_lock across the bitmap RMW and the permissions clear (and inlining the obj_list traversal that previously took the lock itself)."
        }
      ],
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "race",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T13:23:07.028Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
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      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/862ea2fbbeb2ccdf8ff994b03e2e3b4405f2c37d"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-j693-5rh5-8g8h",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-j693-5rh5-8g8h"
        }
      ],
      "title": "SMP race in `thread_idx_alloc()` lets concurrent `k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD)` callers share a kernel-object permission slot",
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        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
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    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10681",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-25T13:23:07.028Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-02T15:26:11.951Z",
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    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "adp": [
      {
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          {
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-7007",
                "options": [
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
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                    "Automatable": "no"
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                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-24T15:03:26.497157Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-369",
                "description": "CWE-369 Divide By Zero",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-24T15:04:01.152Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
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          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c"
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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          "value": "The Zephyr ext2 file system validates the on-disk superblock in ext2_verify_disk_superblock() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) before completing a mount. The validator checked the magic number, block size, revision and feature flags, but did not verify that the on-disk fields s_blocks_per_group and s_inodes_per_group are non-zero. Both fields are read directly from the image and are later used as divisors during mount-time initialization.\n\nDuring mount, get_ngroups() divides and modulos s_blocks_count by s_blocks_per_group (reached via ext2_fetch_block_group() from ext2_init_fs()), and get_itable_entry() divides (ino - 1) by s_inodes_per_group when fetching the root inode (both in subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c). A superblock with either field set to zero therefore causes an integer division by zero during the mount sequence.\n\nAn attacker who can present a crafted ext2 image to a device that mounts ext2 \u2014 removable media such as an SD card or a USB mass-storage device \u2014 can trigger this. On ARMv7-M / ARMv8-M-mainline Cortex-M targets, divide-by-zero trapping is enabled (SCB_CCR_DIV_0_TRP), so the division raises a UsageFault that Zephyr treats as a fatal error, producing a denial of service. The impact is limited to availability; the malformed value is consumed only as a divisor.\n\nThe fix rejects a zero s_blocks_per_group or s_inodes_per_group in the superblock validator, returning -EINVAL so the mount fails before any block-group or inode I/O occurs."
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      ],
      "metrics": [
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              "type": "CWE"
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        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-24T13:48:24.831Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
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      "references": [
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          "name": "Fix commit",
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        {
          "name": "GHSA-wrf2-79mm-cvw5",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-wrf2-79mm-cvw5"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Division by zero in Zephyr ext2 superblock parsing allows DoS via crafted filesystem image",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7007",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-04-24T22:00:52.689Z",
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    "adp": [
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10680",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-22T19:33:04.837486Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-22T19:36:33.625Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
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          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/l2cap_br.c"
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          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
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              "lessThan": "4.3.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.4.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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          ]
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Classic (BR/EDR) L2CAP signaling handlers l2cap_br_conf_req() and l2cap_br_conf_rsp() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/l2cap_br.c validated the minimum command size against buf-\u003elen (the bytes remaining in the whole received PDU) instead of len (the per-command data length from the L2CAP signaling header). Because multiple signaling commands can be packed into one PDU, buf-\u003elen may exceed a command\u0027s len. An attacker can send a CONF_REQ command with a header length smaller than the configuration-request structure (e.g. 0), followed by another command so that buf-\u003elen still satisfies the check. The check then passes incorrectly and opt_len = len - sizeof(*req) underflows the uint16_t to a near-0xFFFF value. The configuration-option loop, which lacks an opt_len-versus-buf-\u003elen guard, then walks far past the end of the pooled ACL receive buffer using net_buf pull primitives that perform no runtime bounds check, producing an out-of-bounds read of host memory and, when the out-of-bounds option bytes encode an MTU or flush-timeout option, an out-of-bounds write. The BR/EDR signaling channel is processed before pairing/encryption and an L2CAP channel to an L0 service such as SDP can be opened without pairing, so an unauthenticated peer within radio range that can establish an ACL connection can trigger the flaw, leading to memory corruption and denial of service (host/device crash). The defect is present in released versions including v4.4.0. The fix validates against len instead of buf-\u003elen in both handlers."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "version": "3.1"
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          "format": "CVSS"
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      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "bounds",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-21T21:30:56.255Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
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      "references": [
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          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/1d451683377f4c8e56d7718565bea7b5c1155159"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-vrwx-p97q-8854",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-vrwx-p97q-8854"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Out-of-bounds access in Zephyr BR/EDR L2CAP configuration request handling via `uint16_t` length underflow",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10680",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-06-02T15:26:10.782Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-22T19:36:33.625Z",
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10679",
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
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                    "Automatable": "no"
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                  {
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                "timestamp": "2026-07-22T19:32:22.710575Z",
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          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-22T19:36:39.798Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/spi/spi_dw.c",
            "drivers/spi/spi_dw_regs.h"
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.8.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The DesignWare SPI driver (drivers/spi/spi_dw.c) computed the SPI BAUDR clock divider as info-\u003eclock_frequency / config-\u003efrequency without validating config-\u003efrequency.\n\nspi_transceive is a Zephyr __syscall and its verify handler (drivers/spi/spi_handlers.c) copies the caller-supplied spi_config from userspace without checking the frequency field, so a userspace thread that has been granted access to a DesignWare SPI device kernel object can pass frequency = 0 and trigger an unsigned integer divide-by-zero in spi_dw_configure().\n\nOn Cortex-M Mainline (SCB-\u003eCCR.DIV_0_TRP is set in z_arm_fault_init()) and on ARC (a dedicated __ev_div_zero vector) this raises a CPU exception, resulting in a kernel fault and local denial of service.\n\nThe fix rejects zero frequency and frequencies above clock_frequency / 2 (the DesignWare SSI databook minimum SCKDIV of 2) with -EINVAL. The defect affects all Zephyr releases up to and including v4.4.0; exploitation requires CONFIG_USERSPACE=y and an unprivileged thread already granted SPI driver permission. There is no memory-corruption or information-disclosure impact."
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      ],
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-21T21:30:55.714Z",
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          "name": "GHSA-3qcm-qwh2-v4hq",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-3qcm-qwh2-v4hq"
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      "title": "Divide-by-zero in DesignWare SPI driver reachable from spi_transceive syscall (local DoS)",
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                "id": "CVE-2026-10678",
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                "timestamp": "2026-07-22T19:32:19.355281Z",
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    "cna": {
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          "value": "The MCTP-over-I2C+GPIO target binding in Zephyr (subsys/pmci/mctp/mctp_i2c_gpio_target.c) processes pseudo-register writes from an I2C bus master byte-by-byte in mctp_i2c_gpio_target_write_received() without validating the order or the receive buffer. In the affected versions the MCTP_I2C_GPIO_RX_MSG_ADDR (data) handler dereferences and writes through b-\u003erx_pkt without checking that the receive buffer was allocated: a controller that selects the data register and writes a byte without first sending the length register (which is what allocates the buffer) causes a write of an attacker-chosen byte through a NULL/unallocated mctp_pktbuf pointer (i.e. into a small attacker-advanceable offset above address 0), producing memory corruption or a hard fault.\n\nThe same handler also performs a write-then-check bounds test, allowing a one-byte heap overflow at data[255] when more than 255 data bytes are sent.\n\nBecause the I2C target callback is invoked with raw bytes supplied by whatever device is the bus master and the binding performs no authentication, a malicious or malfunctioning controller on the bus can trigger these without any prior protocol state, leading to memory corruption and/or denial of service on the target device.\n\nThe vulnerable code was introduced when the I2C+GPIO target binding was added and shipped in Zephyr v4.3.0 and v4.4.0. The fix defers allocation to the first data byte with a NULL check, treats a missing length as a zero-sized packet rejected by libmctp, and moves the bounds check before the store."
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              "cweId": "CWE-476",
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            {
              "cweId": "CWE-787",
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        {
          "name": "GHSA-pmwm-5rcm-39rr",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-pmwm-5rcm-39rr"
        }
      ],
      "title": "NULL-pointer / out-of-bounds write in Zephyr MCTP I2C+GPIO target binding driven by an unauthenticated I2C controller",
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        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-10669",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-14T15:30:37.607534Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T15:30:48.743Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/xtensa/core/mpu.c"
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.7.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "On Xtensa SoCs built with CONFIG_XTENSA_MPU and CONFIG_USERSPACE, arch_buffer_validate() in arch/xtensa/core/mpu.c \u2014 the architecture hook that verifies a user-mode-supplied buffer is accessible to the calling user thread with the requested permission \u2014 defaulted its return value to 0 (access permitted) and only set a denial result inside its per-MPU-region probe loop. When the rounded extent of the buffer wraps the 32-bit address space (size + alignment offset near SIZE_MAX, or ROUND_UP(size + offset) overflowing to 0), the loop executes zero iterations and the function returns 0 = permitted without probing any MPU region.\n\nThe syscall-layer pre-checks (K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_SIZE_CHECK / Z_DETECT_POINTER_OVERFLOW) only catch a raw addr+size wrap and do not cover the ROUND_UP-induced wrap, and the string path (arch_user_string_nlen -\u003e arch_buffer_validate) has no syscall-layer guard at all.\n\nAn unprivileged user-mode thread can therefore pass a crafted (addr, size) to any syscall that validates user buffers via k_usermode_from_copy/to_copy or k_usermode_string_copy and have validation succeed for memory it must not access; the kernel then reads from (disclosure) or, with write=1, writes to (corruption) attacker-chosen kernel or other-partition memory on the thread\u0027s behalf, enabling information disclosure, memory corruption, privilege escalation, and denial of service.\n\nAffected from v3.7.0 (when Xtensa MPU userspace support was added) through v4.4.0. The fix changes the default to -EINVAL (deny by default), adds an explicit size_add_overflow check, and sets the success value only after the full range has been validated."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-787",
              "description": "bounds",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T18:38:46.273Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/3b1bdaf5482188ca110ef9a411aaa8c7d3db3b16"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-4r4p-gh69-v6w4",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-4r4p-gh69-v6w4"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Xtensa MPU `arch_buffer_validate()` integer-overflow lets a user thread bypass syscall pointer validation",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-10669",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-14T15:02:02.932Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-02T15:25:31.939Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T18:38:46.273Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}