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72 vulnerabilities found for IP Phone by Cisco
VAR-201710-0206
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 23:41Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) Temporal Key (TK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a PTK-TK key reload vulnerability in the fourth handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):
1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake 1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake 1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake 1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it 1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake 1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame 1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
APPLE-SA-2017-12-12-2 AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9
AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9 is now available and addresses the following:
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker within range may be able to execute arbitrary code on the Wi-Fi chip Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-9417: Nitay Artenstein of Exodus Intelligence
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA unicast/PTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK) Description: A logic issue existed in the handling of state transitions. This was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-13077: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven CVE-2017-13078: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA multicast/GTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK) Description: A logic issue existed in the handling of state transitions. This was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
Installation note:
Firmware version 7.7.9 is installed on AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac using AirPort Utility for Mac or iOS.
AirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from https://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS is a free download from the App Store. CVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
Installation note:
Wi-Fi Update for Boot Camp 6.4.0 may be obtained from Apple Software Update for Windows. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03
https://security.gentoo.org/
Severity: Normal Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK) attacks Date: November 10, 2017 Bugs: #634436, #634438 ID: 201711-03
Synopsis
A flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and wpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle attack.
Affected packages
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 net-wireless/hostapd < 2.6-r1 >= 2.6-r1 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant < 2.6-r3 >= 2.6-r3 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 affected packages
Description
WiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it's associated technologies are all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details.
Impact
An attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in order to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker can potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS), inject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks.
Workaround
There is no known workaround at this time.
Resolution
All hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1"
All wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot -v ">=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3"
References
[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077 [ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078 [ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079 [ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080 . -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
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Show details on source website{
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"author": "nvd@nist.gov",
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) Temporal Key (TK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a PTK-TK key reload vulnerability in the fourth handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):\n\n1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake\n1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake\n1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake\n1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it\n1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake\n1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n\n6. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\nAPPLE-SA-2017-12-12-2 AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9 is now available and\naddresses the following:\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker within range may be able to execute arbitrary\ncode on the Wi-Fi chip\nDescription: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-9417: Nitay Artenstein of Exodus Intelligence\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA\nunicast/PTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK)\nDescription: A logic issue existed in the handling of state\ntransitions. This was addressed with improved state management. \nCVE-2017-13077: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\nCVE-2017-13078: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA\nmulticast/GTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK)\nDescription: A logic issue existed in the handling of state\ntransitions. This was addressed with improved state management. \nCVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nInstallation note:\n\nFirmware version 7.7.9 is installed on AirPort Extreme or\nAirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac using\nAirPort Utility for Mac or iOS. \n\nAirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from\nhttps://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS\nis a free download from the App Store. \nCVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at\nKU Leuven\n\nInstallation note:\n\nWi-Fi Update for Boot Camp 6.4.0 may be obtained from Apple Software\nUpdate for Windows. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nGentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n https://security.gentoo.org/\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\n Severity: Normal\n Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK)\n attacks\n Date: November 10, 2017\n Bugs: #634436, #634438\n ID: 201711-03\n\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\nSynopsis\n========\n\nA flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and\nwpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle\nattack. \n\nAffected packages\n=================\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 1 net-wireless/hostapd \u003c 2.6-r1 \u003e= 2.6-r1 \n 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant\n \u003c 2.6-r3 \u003e= 2.6-r3 \n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 2 affected packages\n\nDescription\n===========\n\nWiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it\u0027s associated technologies\nare all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced\nCVE identifiers for details. \n\nImpact\n======\n\nAn attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in\norder to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker\ncan potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS),\ninject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks. \n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nThere is no known workaround at this time. \n\nResolution\n==========\n\nAll hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \"\u003e=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1\"\n\nAll wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot -v \"\u003e=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3\"\n\nReferences\n==========\n\n[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077\n[ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078\n[ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079\n[ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080\n. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address",
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VAR-201710-0974
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 23:36Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that support 802.11v allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). A group key reload vulnerability exists in WPA2 wireless network sleep mode. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes. 6) - i386, x86_64
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that support 802.11v allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). A group key reload vulnerability exists in WPA2 wireless network sleep mode. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. 6) - i386, x86_64\n\n3. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200408-0145
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 22:51TCP, when using a large Window Size, makes it easier for remote attackers to guess sequence numbers and cause a denial of service (connection loss) to persistent TCP connections by repeatedly injecting a TCP RST packet, especially in protocols that use long-lived connections, such as BGP. A vulnerability exists in the reliance of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to maintain persistent sessions. Sustained exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a denial-of-service condition affecting a large segment of the Internet community. Normal operations would most likely resume shortly after the attack stopped. TCP Has a sequence number TCP There is a problem that it is justified if it is within the window. Therefore, there is a vulnerability that makes it easy to guess the external sequence number when establishing a long-term connection that increases the window size. Note that products affected by this vulnerability TCP Covers many products with implementation. For more information, NISCC-236929 (JVN) , NISCC Advisory 236929 (CPNI Advisory 00391) Please check also.A third party TCP By predicting the sequence number of a particular TCP Service operation interruption such as forcibly terminating a connection (DoS) There is a possibility of being attacked. A vulnerability in TCP implementations may permit unauthorized remote users to reset TCP sessions. This issue affects products released by multiple vendors. Exploiting this issue may permit remote attackers to more easily approximate TCP sequence numbers. This will permit a remote attacker to inject a SYN or RST packet into the session, causing it to be reset and effectively allowing denial-of-service attacks. An attacker would exploit this issue by sending a packet to a receiving implementation with an approximated sequence number and a forged source IP and TCP port. Few factors may present viable target implementations, such as imlementations that: - depend on long-lived TCP connections - have known or easily guessed IP address endpoints - have known or easily guessed TCP source ports. As a result, this issue is likely to affect a number of routing platforms. Note also that while a number of vendors have confirmed this issue in various products, investigations are ongoing and it is likely that many other vendors and products will turn out to be vulnerable as the issue is investigated further. Other consequences may also result from this issue, such as injecting specific data in TCP sessions, but this has not been confirmed. **Update: Microsoft platforms are also reported prone to this vulnerability. Vendor reports indicate that an attacker will require knowledge of the IP address and port numbers of the source and destination of an existent legitimate TCP connection in order to exploit this vulnerability on Microsoft platforms. The following products and versions are affected: Oracle Solaris 10, 11; Openpgp 2.6.2; Mcafee Network Data Loss Prevention 8.6 and earlier, 9.2.0, 9.2.1, 9.2.2; Netbsd 1.5, Version 1.5.1, Version 1.5.2, Version 1.5.3, Version 1.6, Version 1.6.1, Version 1.6.2, Version 2.0; Xinuos Openserver Version 5.0.6, Version 5.0.7; Juniper Networks Junos OS; Xinuos Unixware Version 7.1.1, Version 7.1.3.
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TITLE: Avaya Intuity Audix TCP Connection Reset Vulnerability
SECUNIA ADVISORY ID: SA15263
VERIFY ADVISORY: http://secunia.com/advisories/15263/
CRITICAL: Less critical
IMPACT: DoS
WHERE:
From remote
OPERATING SYSTEM: Avaya Intuity Audix R5 http://secunia.com/product/4586/
DESCRIPTION: Avaya has acknowledged a vulnerability in Intuity Audix, which can be exploited by malicious people to reset established TCP connections on a vulnerable system.
For more information: SA11440
SOLUTION: A patch will reportedly be included in the next major release.
ORIGINAL ADVISORY: Avaya: http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2005-097_SCASA-2005-14.pdf
OTHER REFERENCES: SA11440: http://secunia.com/advisories/11440/
About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help everybody keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities.
Subscribe: http://secunia.com/secunia_security_advisories/
Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/about_secunia_advisories/
Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. Routing operations would recover quickly after such attacks ended.
I. Description
In 2001, the CERT Coordination Center released CA-2001-09, describing statistical weaknesses in various TCP/IP Initial Sequence generators. In that document (http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-09.html), it was noted by Tim Newsham:
[I]f a sequence number within the receive window is known, an
attacker can inject data into the session stream or terminate the
connection. If the ISN value is known and the number of bytes sent
already sent is known, an attacker can send a simple packet to
inject data or kill the session.
Paul Watson has performed the statistical analysis of this attack when the ISN is not known and has pointed out that such an attack could be viable when specifically taking into account the TCP Window size. He has also created a proof-of-concept tool demonstrating the practicality of the attack. The National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre (NISCC) has published an advisory summarizing Paul Watson's analysis in "NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929," available at http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm.
Since TCP is an insecure protocol, it is possible to inject transport-layer packets into sessions between hosts given the right preconditions. For detailed information about BGP and some tips for securing it, please see Cisco System's documentation (http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/bgp.htm or Team Cymru (http://www.cymru.com/). This may result in a brief loss of service until the fresh routing tables are created. When this is taken into account, instead of attempting to send a spoofed packet with all potential sequence numbers, the attacker would only need to calculate an valid sequence number that falls within the next expected ISN plus or minus half the window size. According to Paul Watson's report, with a typical xDSL data connection (80 Kbps, upstream) capable of sending of 250 packets per second (pps) to a session with a TCP Window size of 65,535 bytes, it would be possible to inject a TCP packet approximately every 5 minutes. It would take approximately 15 seconds with a T-1 (1.544 Mbps) connection. These numbers are significant when large numbers of compromised machines (often called "botnets" or "zombies") can be used to generate large amounts of packets that can be directed at a particular host.
To protect against such injections, RFC 2385 provides a method of using MD5 signatures on the TCP Headers. If this form of verification is supported and enabled between two peers, then an attacker would have to obtain the key used to transmit the packet in order to successfully inject a packet into the TCP session. Another alternative would be to tunnel BGP over IPSec. Again, this would provide a form of authentication between the BGP peers and the data that they transmit. The lack of authentication when using TCP for BGP makes this type of attack more viable.
US-CERT is tracking this issue as VU#415294. This reference number corresponds to CVE candidate CAN-2004-0230. NISCC is tracking this issue as Advisory 236929.
II. Impacts could range from data corruption or session hijacking to a denial-of-service condition.
III. Solution
Apply a patch from your vendor
Please see you vendor's statement regarding the availability of patches, updates and mitigation strategies. The lack of cryptographically-strong security options for the TCP header itself is a deficiency that technologies like IPSec try to address. It must be noted that in the final analysis that if an attacker has the ability to see unencrypted TCP traffic generated from a site, that site is vulnerable to various TCP attacks - not just those mentioned here. A stronger measure that would aid in protecting against such TCP attacks is end-to-end cryptographic solutions like those outlined in various IPSec documents.
The key idea with an end-to-end cryptographic solution is that there is some secure verification that a given packet belongs in a particular stream. However, the communications layer at which this cryptography is implemented will determine its effectiveness in repelling ISN based attacks. Solutions that operate above the Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4), such as SSL/TLS and SSH1/SSH2, only prevent arbitrary packets from being inserted into a session. They are unable to prevent a connection reset (denial of service) since the connection handling will be done by a lower level protocol (i.e., TCP). On the other hand, Network Layer (OSI Layer 3) cryptographic solutions such as IPSec prevent both arbitrary packets entering a transport-layer stream and connection resets because connection management is directly integrated into the secure Network Layer security model.
The solutions presented above have the desirable attribute of not requiring any changes to the TCP protocol or implementations to be made. RFC2385 ("Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option") and other technologies provide options for adding cryptographic protection within the TCP header at the cost of some potential denial of service, interoperability, and performance issues.
Ingress filtering
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a network under your administrative control. You can configure your BGP routers to only accept packets on a specific network connection. Servers are typically the only machines that need to accept inbound connections from the public Internet. In the network usage policy of many sites, there are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound connections to machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated inbound connections to non-authorized services. In this fashion, the effectiveness of many intruder scanning techniques can be dramatically reduced.
Network Isolation
Complex networks can benefit by separating data channels and control channels, such as BGP, into different logical or physical networks. Technologies such as VLANs, VPNs, leased links, NAT may all be able to contribute to separating the tranmission of control information from the transmission of the data stream.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network under your administrative control. There is typically limited need for machines providing public services to initiate outbound connections to the Internet.
In the case of BGP, only your BGP routers should be establishing connections to your peers. Other BGP traffic generated on your network could be a sign of an attempted attack.
Appendix A. As vendors report new information to US-CERT, we will update the vulnerability note. If a particular vendor is not listed in either the NISCC advisory, or the vulnerability, we recommend that you contact them for their comments. ___________
US-CERT thanks Paul Watson, Cisco Systems and NISCC for notifying us about this problem and for helping us to construct this advisory. ___________
Feedback can be directed to the US-CERT Technical Staff. ___________
Copyright 2004 Carnegie Mellon University. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
Cisco Security Advisory:\xa0TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco Products
Revision 1.0
For Public Release 2004 April 20 21:00 UTC (GMT)
Summary
A vulnerability in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) specification (RFC793) has been discovered by an external researcher. The successful exploitation enables an adversary to reset any established TCP connection in a much shorter time than was previously discussed publicly. Depending on the application, the connection may get automatically re-established. In other cases, a user will have to repeat the action (for example, open a new Telnet or SSH session). Depending upon the attacked protocol, a successful attack may have additional consequences beyond terminated connection which must be considered. This attack vector is only applicable to the sessions which are terminating on a device (such as a router, switch, or computer) and not to the sessions that are only passing through the device (for example, transit traffic that is being routed by a router). In addition, this attack vector does not directly compromise data integrity or confidentiality.
This advisory is available at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml, and it describes this vulnerability as it applies to Cisco products that run Cisco IOS\xae software.
A companion advisory that describes this vulnerability for products that do not run Cisco IOS software is available at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml. The severity of the exposure depends upon the protocols and applications that utilize TCP.
This attack vector is only applicable to the sessions which are terminating on a device (such as a router, switch, or computer), and not to the sessions that are only passing through the device (for example, transit traffic that is being routed by a router).
Details
TCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide connection-oriented reliable delivery of a data stream. To accomplish this, TCP uses a mixture of flags to indicate state and sequence numbers to identify the order in which the packets are to be reassembled. The acknowledgement number is not used in a packet with the reset (RST) flag set because a reset does not expect a packet in return. The full specification of the TCP protocol can be found at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt.
According to the RFC793 specification, it is possible to reset an established TCP connection by sending a packet with the RST or synchronize (SYN) flag set. However, the sequence number does not have to be an exact match; it is sufficient to fall within the advertised window. This significantly decreases the effort required by an adversary: the larger the window, the easier it is to reset the connection. The destination TCP port is usually known for all standard services (for example, 23 for Telnet, 80 for HTTP). Cisco IOS software uses predictable ephemeral ports for known services with a predictable increment (the next port which will be used for a subsequent connection). These values, while constant for a particular Cisco IOS software version and protocol, can vary from one release to another.
Here is an example of a normal termination of a TCP session:
Host(1) Host(2)
| |
| |
| ACK ack=1001, window=5000 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
Host(1) is
closing the session
| RST seq=1001 |
|---------------------------->|
| |
Host(2) is
closing the session
In addition, the following scenario is also permitted:
Host(1) Host(2)
| |
| |
| ACK ack=1001, window=5000 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
Host(1) is
closing the session
| RST seq=4321 |
|---------------------------->|
| |
Host(2) is
closing the session
Note how, in the second example, the RST packet was able to terminate the session although the sequence number was not the next expected one (which is 1001).
As a general rule, all protocols where a TCP connection stays established for longer than one minute should be considered exposed.
The exposure on this vulnerability can be described as follows:
-
Cisco IOS - All devices running Cisco IOS software are vulnerable. Sessions passing through the device are vulnerable only if the originating or receiving device is vulnerable, but they cannot be attacked on the router itself. This vulnerability does not compromise data integrity or confidentiality. It only affects availability.
This vulnerability is documented in the Cisco Bug Toolkit as Bug IDs CSCed27956 ( registered customers only) and CSCed38527 ( registered customers only) .
-
Cisco IOS Firewall (IOS FW) - The Cisco IOS FW monitors packets passing throughout the router and maintains the session state internally. This way, it is possible to "open" required ports and allow traffic to pass and then close them after the session has finished. Since Cisco IOS FW intercepts and examines all packets passing through the device, all TCP sessions passing through the Cisco IOS FW are vulnerable to this attack. This is valid even if the originating and receiving devices themselves are not vulnerable.
This vulnerability is documented in the Cisco Bug Toolkit as Bug ID CSCed93836 ( registered customers only) .
-
Network Address Translation (NAT) - This vulnerability does not have any effect on NAT. The NAT functionality simply rewrites ports and IP addresses. This feature does not interprete TCP flags and therefore is not vulnerable to this attack. However, the attacking packet will be passed through the router and the receiving device can be affected.
Impact
The impact will be different for each specific protocol. While in the majority of cases a TCP connection will be automatically re-established, in some specific protocols a second order of consequences may have a larger impact than tearing down the connection itself. Both external and internal (eBGP and iBGP) sessions are equally vulnerable. If an adversary tears down a BGP session between two routers, then all routes which were advertised between these two peers will be withdrawn. This would occur immediately for the router which has been attacked and after the next update/keepalive packet is sent by the other router. The BGP peering session itself will be re-established within a minute after the attack. Depending upon the exact routing configuration, withdrawal of the routes may have any of the following consequences:
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No adverse effects at all if an appropriate static route(s) has(have) been defined on both sides of the affected session.
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The traffic will be rerouted along other paths. This may cause some congestion along these paths.
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A portion of the network will be completely isolated and unreachable.
If a BGP peering session is broken a few times within a short time interval, then BGP route dampening may be invoked. Dampening means that affected routes will be withdrawn from the Internet routing table for some period of time. By default that time is 45 minutes. During that time, all of the traffic whose route was advertised over the attacked BGP session will either be rerouted or a portion of the network will be unreachable. Route dampening is not enabled by default.
Cisco IOS Firewall Feature Set
It is possible to terminate an established TCP-based connection even if both endpoints are not vulnerable to this attack.
Software Versions and Fixes
Each row of the table describes a release train and the platforms or products for which it is intended. If a given release train is vulnerable, then the earliest possible releases that contain the fix and the anticipated date of availability for each are listed in the Rebuild, Interim, and Maintenance columns. In some cases, no rebuild of a particular release is planned; this is marked with the label "Not scheduled." A device running any release in the given train that is earlier than the release in a specific column (less than the earliest fixed release) is known to be vulnerable, and it should be upgraded at least to the indicated release or a later version (greater than the earliest fixed release label).
When selecting a release, keep in mind the following definitions:
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Maintenance Most heavily tested and highly recommended release of any label in a given row of the table.
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Rebuild Constructed from the previous maintenance or major release in the same train, it contains the fix for a specific vulnerability. Although it receives less testing, it contains only the minimal changes necessary to effect the repair. Cisco has made available several rebuilds of mainline trains to address this vulnerability, but strongly recommends running only the latest maintenance release on mainline trains.
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Interim Built at regular intervals between maintenance releases and receives less testing. Interims should be selected only if there is no other suitable release that addresses the vulnerability, and interim images should be upgraded to the next available maintenance release as soon as possible. Interim releases are not available through manufacturing, and usually they are not available for customer download from CCO without prior arrangement with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC).
In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco TAC for assistance, as shown in the section following this table.
Fixed Cisco IOS Software Images for Cisco IOS Firewall
+------------+---------------------------------+ | Major | Availability of Repaired | | Release | Releases* | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.1-Based | | ** | | | Release | | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1 | 12.1 | | | | | (22c) | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1E | 12.1 | | | | | (19)E7 | | | | +---------+---------+-------------+ | | | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.2-Based | | ** | | | Release | | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2 | 12.2 | | | | | (21b) | | | | +---------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2 | | | | | (23a) | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2T | 12.2 | | | | | (11)T11 | | | | +---------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2 | | | | | (13)T12 | | | | +---------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2 | | | | | (15)T12 | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.3-Based | | ** | | | Release | | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3 | 12.3 | | | | | (5c) | | | | +---------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3 | | | | | (6a) | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3T | 12.3(4) | | | | | T4 | | | +------------+---------+---------+-------------+
Fixed Cisco IOS Software Releases and Migration Path
+----------+-------------------------------------+ | Major | Availability of Repaired Releases* | | Release | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 11.1 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 11.1 | 11.1 Vulnerable. Migrate to 11.2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 11.1AA | 11.1AA Vulnerable. Migrate to 11.2P | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 11.1CC | 11.1CC Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 11.2 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 11.2 | 11.2(26f) | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 11.2P | 11.2(26)P6 | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 11.2SA | 11.2(8)SA6 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.0 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 11.3 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 11.3 | 11.3 Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 11.3(11b)T4 | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 11.3(11e) | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.0 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0 | 12.0(28) | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0DA | 12.0DA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2DA | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0DB | 12.0DB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1DB | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0DC | 12.0DC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1DC | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0S | 12.0(27)S | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.0(26)S2 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.0(16)S11 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.0(24)S5 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.0(25)S3 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.0(23)S6 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0SL | 12.0SL Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 | | | (23)S3 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0ST | 12.0ST Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 | | | (26)S2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0SX | 12.0(25)SX4 Not built - contact TAC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0SZ | 12.0SZ Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 | | | (26)S2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0T | 12.0T Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.1 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0W5 | 12.0(28)W5 | | | | | (30) | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0WC | 12.0(5)WC9a | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.0WT | 12.0(13)WT Vulnerable. End of | | | Engineering | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0WX | 12.0(4)WX Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.0W5 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XA | 12.0(1)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XB | 12.0(1)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XC | 12.0(2)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XD | 12.0(2)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XE | 12.0(7)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1E Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XG | 12.0(3)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XH | 12.0(4)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XI | 12.0(4)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XJ | 12.0(4)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XK | 12.0(7)XK Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XL | 12.0(4)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XM | 12.0(4)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XN | 12.0(5)XN Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XP | 12.0(5.1)XP Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XQ | 12.0(5)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XR | 12.0(7)XR Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XS | 12.0(5)XS Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1E Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XU | 12.0(5)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.0(5)WC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.0XV | 12.0(7)XV Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.1 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1 | 12.1(20a) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(4c) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(22a) | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1AA | 12.1(10)AA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 Latest | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1AX | 12.1(14)AX | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1AY | 12.1(13)AY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1(14)EA1 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1DA | 12.2DA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2DA | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1DB | 12.1(5)DB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2B | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1E | 12.1(19)E7 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(22)E1 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(11b) | | | | | E14 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(20)E2 Not built - contact TAC | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(19)E6 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(13)E13 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(8b)E18 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(14)E10 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(13)E14 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EA | 12.1(20)EA1 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EB | 12.1(20)EB | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EC | 12.1(20)EC | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EO | 12.1(20)EO | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.1(19)EO2 | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-25 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EU | 12.1(20)EU | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EV | 12.1(12c)EV Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(RLS4)S | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EW | 12.1(20)EW2 | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1EX | 12.1EX Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.1 | | | (14)E | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1EY | 12.1(10)EY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1(14)E | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1T | 12.1(5)T17 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.1XA | 12.1(1)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1(5)T18 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XB | 12.1(1)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XC | 12.1(1)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XD | 12.1(1)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XE | 12.1(1)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1E Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XF | 12.1(2)XF Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XG | 12.1(3)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XH | 12.1(2a)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XI | 12.1(3a)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2 Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XJ | 12.1(3)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XL | 12.1(3)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XM | 12.1(5)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XP | 12.1(3)XP Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XQ | 12.1(3)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XR | 12.1(5)XR Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XT | 12.1(3)XT Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XU | 12.1(5)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1XV | 12.1(5)XV Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2XB | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YA | 12.1(5)YA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YB | 12.1(5)YB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YC | 12.1(5)YC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YD | 12.1(5)YD Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YE | 12.1(5)YE5 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(2)YC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YF | 12.1(5)YF2 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(2)YC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YH | 12.1(5)YH2 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(13)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YI | 12.1(5)YI2 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(2)YC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.1YJ | 12.1(11)YJ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.1EA Latest | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.2 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2 | 12.2(19b) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(16f) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(21a) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(23) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(12i) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(10g) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(13e) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(17d) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(21b) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(23a) | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2B | 12.2(2)B - 12.2(4)B7 Vulnerable. | | | Migrate to 12.2(13)T12 | | +-------------------------------------+ | | 12.2(4)B8 AND FWD Vulnerable. | | | Migrate to 12.3(5a)B1 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2BC | 12.2(15) | | | | | BC1C | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2BW | 12.2(4)BW Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2BX | 12.2(16)BX2 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2BY | 12.2(4)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)B | | +-------------------------------------+ | | 12.2(8)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)ZB | | +-------------------------------------+ | | 12.2(2)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)BZ | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2BZ | 12.2(15)BZ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(16)BX | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2CX | 12.2(11)CX Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)BC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2CY | 12.2(11)CY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(13)BC1C | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2DD | 12.2DD Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.2 | | | (4)B1 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2DX | 12.2(1)DX Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2DD | | +-------------------------------------+ | | 12.2(2)DX Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2B Latest | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2EW | 12.2(18)EW | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2JA | 12.2(13)JA4 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(13)JA2 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(11)JA3 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2MC | 12.2(15) | | | | | MC1B | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2S | 12.2(22)S | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(14)S7 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(20)S1 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(20)S3 | | | | | Available | | | | | on | | | | | 2004-Apr-21 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(18)S3 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SE | 12.2(18)SE | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SW | 12.2(21)SW | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SX | 12.2(17a) | | | | | SX2 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SXA | 12.2(17b) | | | | | SXA1 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SXB | 12.2(17d)SXB1 Not built - contact | | | TAC | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SY | 12.2(14)SY3 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2SZ | 12.2(14)SZ6 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2T | 12.2(15)T11 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(13)T12 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(11)T11 Not built - contact TAC | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(13)T11 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2XA | 12.2(2)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(11)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XB | 12.2(2)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XC | 12.2(2)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)ZB | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XD | 12.2(1)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XE | 12.2(1)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XF | 12.2(1)XF1 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(4)BC1C | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XG | 12.2(2)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XH | 12.2(2)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XI | 12.2(2)XI2 Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XJ | 12.2(2)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XK | 12.2(2)XK Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XL | 12.2(4)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XM | 12.2(4)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XN | 12.2(2)XN Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(11)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XQ | 12.2(2)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XS | 12.2(1)XS Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(11)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XT | 12.2(2)XT Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(11)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XU | 12.2(2)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2XW | 12.2(4)XW Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(13)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YA | 12.2(4)YA Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YB | 12.2(4)YB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YC | 12.2(2)YC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(11)T11 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YD | 12.2(8)YD Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(8)YY | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YE | 12.2(9)YE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2S | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YF | 12.2(4)YF Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YG | 12.2(4)YG Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(13)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YH | 12.2(4)YH Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YJ | 12.2(8)YJ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T12 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YK | 12.2(2)YK Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(13)ZC | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YL | 12.2(8)YL Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YM | 12.2(8)YM Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YN | 12.2(8)YN Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YO | 12.2(9)YO Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(14)SY | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YP | 12.2(11)YP Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2T Latest | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YQ | 12.2(11)YQ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YR | 12.2(11)YR Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YS | 12.2(11)YS Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YT | 12.2(11)YT Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(15)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YU | 12.2(11)YU Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YV | 12.2(11)YV Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(4)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YW | 12.2(8)YW Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YX | 12.2(11)YX Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(RLS3)S | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YY | 12.2(8)YY Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(1)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2YZ | 12.2(11)YZ Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(14)SZ | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZA | 12.2(14)ZA6 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZB | 12.2(8)ZB Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZC | 12.2(13)ZC Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZD | 12.2(13)ZD1 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZE | 12.2(13)ZE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3 | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZF | 12.2(13)ZF Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(4)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZG | 12.2(13)ZG Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(4)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZH | 12.2(13)ZH Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(4)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZI | 12.2(11)ZI Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.2(18)S | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZJ | 12.2(15)ZJ5 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.2(15)ZJ4 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZK | 12.2(15)ZK Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZL | 12.2(15)ZL Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(7)T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.2ZN | 12.2(15)ZN Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3(2)T | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.2ZP | 12.2(13)ZP3 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance | | 12.3 | | ** | | | -Based | | | | | Release | | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3 | 12.3(3e) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3(6) | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3(5b) | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3B | 12.3(5a)B | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3(3)B1 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3BW | 12.3(1a)BW Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3B | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3T | 12.3(2)T4 | | | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3(7)T1 Not built - contact TAC | | +-------------+---------+-------------+ | | 12.3(4)T3 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XA | 12.3(2)XA Vulnerable. Contact TAC. | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XB | 12.3(2)XB2 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XC | 12.3(2)XC2 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XD | 12.3(4)XD1 | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XE | 12.3(2)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.3XF | 12.3(2)XF Vulnerable. Contact TAC | | | if needed. | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XG | 12.3(4)XG | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XH | 12.3(4)XH | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XI | 12.3(7)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to | | | 12.3T | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.3XJ | 12.3(7)XJ Vulnerable. Contact TAC | | | if needed | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XK | 12.3(4)XK | | | +----------+-------------+---------+-------------+ | 12.3XL | 12.3(7)XL Vulnerable. Contact Tac | | | if needed | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.3XM | 12.3(9)XM Vulnerable. Contact TAC | | | if needed. | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.3XN | 12.3(4)XN Vulnerable. Contact TAC | | | if needed. | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | 12.3XQ | 12.3(4)XQ Vulnerable. Contact TAC | | | if needed. | +----------+-------------------------------------+ | * All dates are estimated and subject to | | change. | | | | ** Interim releases are subjected to less | | rigorous testing than regular maintenance | | releases, and may have serious bugs. | +------------------------------------------------+
Obtaining Fixed Software
Customers with Service Contracts
Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com.
Customers using Third-party Support Organizations
Customers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through prior or existing agreement with third-party support organizations such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers should contact that support organization for assistance with the upgrade, which should be free of charge.
Customers without Service Contracts
Customers who purchase direct from Cisco but who do not hold a Cisco service contract and customers who purchase through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful at obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should get their upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows.
-
+1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America)
-
+1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world)
-
e-mail: tac@cisco.com
See http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml for additional TAC contact information, including special localized telephone numbers and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various languages.
Please have your product serial number available and give the URL of this notice as evidence of your entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC.
Please do not contact either "psirt@cisco.com" or "security-alert@cisco.com" for software upgrades.
Workarounds
The effectiveness of any workaround is dependent on specific customer situations such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. Due to the variety of affected products and releases, customers should consult with their service provider or support organization to ensure any applied workaround is the most appropriate for use in the intended network before it is deployed.
There are no workarounds available to mitigate the effects of this vulnerability on Cisco IOS Firewall.
For BGP, we will present the workaround and only a few mitigation techniques. For additional information regarding BGP security risk assessment, mitigation techniques, and deployment best practices, please consult ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/cons/isp/security/ BGP-Risk-Assesment-v.pdf.
-
BGP MD5 secret
The workaround for BGP is to configure MD5 secret for each session between peers. This can be configured as shown in the following example: router(config)#router bgp router(config-router)#neighbor password
It is necessary to configure the same shared MD5 secret on both peers and at the same time. Failure to do so will break the existing BGP session and the new session will not get established until the exact same secret is configured on both devices. For a detailed discussion on how to configure BGP, refer to the following document http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/ products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00800ca571.html . Once the secret is configured, it is prudent to change it periodically. The exact period must fit within your company security policy but it should not be longer than a few months. When changing the secret, again it must be done at the same time on both devices. Failure to do so will break your existing BGP session. The exception is if your Cisco IOS software release contains the integrated CSCdx23494 ( registered customers only) fix. With this fix, the BGP session will not be terminated when the MD5 secret is changed only on one side. The BGP updates, however, will not be processed until either the same secret is configured on both devices or the secret is removed from both devices.
It is possible to mitigate the exposure for BGP on this vulnerability by applying one or more of the following measures which will lessen the potential for the necessary spoofing required to implement a successful attack:
-
Blocking access to the core infrastructure
Although it is often difficult to block traffic transiting your network, it is possible to identify traffic which should never be allowed to target your infrastructure devices and block that traffic at the border of your network. Infrastructure access control lists (ACLs) are considered a network security best practice and should be considered as a long-term addition to good network security as well as a workaround for this specific vulnerability. The white paper entitled "Protecting Your Core: Infrastructure Protection Access Control Lists", available at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/ iacl.html, presents guidelines and recommended deployment techniques for infrastructure protection ACLs. Exceptions would include any devices which have a legitimate reason to access your infrastructure (for example, BGP peers, NTP sources, DNS serves, and so on). All other traffic must be able to traverse your network without terminating on any of your devices.
-
Configure anti-spoofing measures on the network edge In order for an adversary to use the attack vector described in this advisory, it must send packets with the source IP address equal to one of the BGP peers. You can block spoofed packets either using the Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) feature or by using access control lists (ACLs). By enabling uRPF, all spoofed packets will be dropped at the first device. To enable uRPF, use the following commands: router(config)#ip cef
router(config)#ip verify unicast reverse-pathPlease consult http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1835 /products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00800ca7d4.html and ftp:// ftp-eng.cisco.com/cons/isp/security/URPF-ISP.pdf for further details on how uRPF works and how to configure it in various scenarios. This is especially important if you are using asymmetric routing. ACLs should also be deployed as close to the edge as possible. Unlike uRPF, you must specify the exact IP range that is permitted. Specifying which addresses should be blocked is not the optimal solution because it tends to be harder to maintain.
Caution: In order for anti-spoofing measures to be effective, they must be deployed at least one hop away from the devices which are being protected. Ideally, they will be deployed at the network edge facing your customers.
-
Packet rate limiting RST packets are rate-limited in Cisco IOS software by default. This feature is introduced in Cisco IOS Software Release 10.2. In the case of a storm of RST packets, they are effectively limited to one packet per second. In order to be successful, an attacker must terminate connection with the first few packets. Otherwise, the attack is deemed to be impracticably long. On the other hand, SYN packets are not rate-limited in any way. Rate limiting can be accomplished either by using Committed Access Rate (CAR) or by Control Plane Policing (CPP). While CPP is the recommended approach, it is available only for Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.2(18)S and 12.3(4)T. It is currently supported only on the following routers: 1751, 2600/2600-XM, 3700, 7200, and 7500 Series.
CAR can be configured as follows:
router(config)#access-list 103 deny tcp any host 10.1.1.1 established router(config)#access-list 103 permit tcp any host 10.0.0.1 router(config)#interface <interface> <interface #> router(config-if)#rate-limit input access-group 103 8000 8000 8000 conform-action transmit exceed-action dropFor details on how to configure and deploy CPP, please consult the following document http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ ps1838/products_white_paper09186a0080211f39.shtml
Exploitation and Public Announcements
The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability described in this advisory.
The exploitation of the vulnerability with packets having RST flag set (reset packets) was discovered by Paul (Tony) Watson of OSVDB.org. The extension of the attack vector to packets with SYN flag was discovered by the vendors cooperating on the resolution of this issue.
Status of This Notice: INTERIM
This is a INTERIM advisory. Although Cisco cannot guarantee the accuracy of all statements in this advisory, all of the facts have been checked to the best of our ability. Cisco does not anticipate issuing updated versions of this advisory unless there is some material change in the facts. Should there be a significant change in the facts, Cisco may update this advisory.
A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this Security Advisory that omits the distribution URL in the following section is an uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual errors.
Distribution
This advisory will be posted on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml.
In addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice is clear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the following e-mail and Usenet news recipients.
-
cust-security-announce@cisco.com
-
first-teams@first.org (includes CERT/CC)
-
bugtraq@securityfocus.com
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vulnwatch@wulnwatch.org
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cisco@spot.colorado.edu
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cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net
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full-disclosure@lists.netsys.com
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comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com
Future updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco's worldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to check the above URL for any updates.
Revision History
+----------+-------------+----------------+ | Revision | 2004-Apr-20 | Initial public | | 1.0 | | release. | +----------+-------------+----------------+
Cisco Security Procedures
Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/ sec_incident_response.shtml. This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco Security Notices. All Cisco Security Advisories are available at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt.
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The nonexhaustive list of vulnerable non-IOS based Cisco products is as follows:
-
Access Registrar
-
BPX, IGX, MGX WAN switches, and the Service Expansion Shelf
-
BR340, WGB340, AP340, AP350, BR350 Cisco/Aironet wireless products
-
Cache Engine 505 and 570
-
CallManager
-
Catalyst 1200, 1900, 28xx, 29xx, 3000, 3900, 4000, 5000, 6000
-
Cisco 8110 Broadband Network Termination Unit
-
Cisco Element Management Framework
-
Cisco Info Center
-
Cisco Intelligent Contact Management
-
Cisco MDS 9000
-
Cisco ONS 15190/15194 IP Transport Concentrator
-
Cisco ONS 15327 Metro Edge Optical Transport Platform
-
Cisco ONS 15454 Optical Transport Platform
-
Cisco ONS 15531/15532 T31 OMDS Metro WDM System
-
Cisco ONS 15800/15801/15808 Dense Wave Division Multiplexing Platform
-
Cisco ONS 15830 T30 Optical Amplification System
-
Cisco ONS 15831/15832 T31 DWDM System
-
Cisco ONS 15863 T31 Submarine WDM System
-
Content Router 4430 and Content Delivery Manager 4630 and 4650
-
Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System (NetRanger) appliance and IDS Module
-
Cisco Secure PIX firewall
-
Cisco ws-x6608 and ws-x6624 IP Telephony Modules
-
CiscoWorks Windows
-
Content Engine 507, 560, 590, and 7320
-
CSS11000 (Arrowpoint) Content Services Switch
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Hosting Solution Engine
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User Registration Tool VLAN Policy Server
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Cisco FastHub 300 and 400
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CR-4430-B
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Device Fault Manager
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Internet CDN Content Engine 590 and 7320, Content Distribution Manager 4670, and Content Router 4450
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IP Phone (all models including ATA and VG248)
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IP/TV
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LightStream 1010
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LightStream 100 ATM Switches
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LocalDirector
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ME1100 series
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MicroHub 1500,MicroSwitch 1538/1548
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Voice Manager
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RTM
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SN5400 series storage routers
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Switch Probe
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Unity Server
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VG248 Analog Phone Gateway
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Traffic Director
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WAN Manager
Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable
The following products are not vulnerable:
-
Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrators
-
Cisco Firewall Services Module for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series and Cisco 7600 Series (FWSM)
Details
TCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide connection-oriented reliable delivery of a data stream. The Cisco PSIRT has analyzed multiple TCP-based protocols, as they are used within our offering, and we believe that this vulnerability does not have a significant impact on them. We will present our analysis for a few protocols which have the potential for higher impact due to the long lived connections.
Voice signaling H.225, H.245 (part of H.323 suite)
H.225 and H.245 protocols are used in voice signaling. Their purpose is to negotiate parameters for content transfer (voice or video). The established sessions persist for the duration of a call. Any call in progress is terminated when the signaling session is broken. A new signaling session will be established immediately for the new call, but terminated calls cannot be re-established.
Each call from an IP telephone or softphone will result in the creation of a single signaling session. It is possible that a single signaling session is responsible for multiple calls, but that setup is used deeper within the Service Provider's network. Determining all necessary parameters for mounting an attack is deemed a non-trivial task if the network is designed according to the current best practices.
Network Storage (iSCSI, FCIP)
Network Storage products use two TCP-based protocols: SCSI over IP (iSCSI) and Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP).
-
SCSI over IP (iSCSI)
iSCSI is used in a client/server environment. The client is your computer and it is only the client that initiates a connection. This connection is not shared with any other users. Terminating the session will not have any adverse consequences if people are using current drivers from Microsoft for Windows and from Cisco for Linux. These drivers will re-establish the session and continue transfer from the point where it was disconnected. Drivers from other vendors may behave differently.
The user may notice that access to a virtual device is slightly slower than usual.
-
Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP)
FCIP is a peer-to-peer protocol. It is used for mirroring data between switches. Each peer can initiate the session. Switches can, and should be in practice, configured in a mesh. Bringing one link down will cause traffic to be re-routed over other link(s). If an adversary can manage to terminate the session multiple times in a row, the user's application may terminate with a "Device unreachable" or similar error message. This does not have any influence on the switch itself and the user can retry the operation.
The user may notice that access to a virtual device is slightly slower than usual. An occasional error message is possible. SSL/TLS connections can be used to encapsulate various kinds of traffic and these sessions can be long lived. An encrypted session can be attacked either on the originating or terminating host or on the firewalls in front of them (if they exist). | | | | Customers | | | | are | | | | encouraged | | | | to migrate | | | | to IOS.
NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929
NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929
Vulnerability Issues in TCP
Version Information
| Advisory Reference | 236929 |
| Release Date | 20 April 2004 |
| Last Revision | 22 April 2004 |
| Version Number | 1.4 |
What is Affected?
The vulnerability described in this advisory affects implementations of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that comply with the Internet Engineering Task Force\x92s (IETF\x92s) Requests For Comments (RFCs) for TCP, including RFC 793, the original specification, and RFC 1323, TCP Extensions for High Performance.
TCP is a core network protocol used in the majority of networked computer systems today. Many vendors include support for this protocol in their products and may be impacted to varying degrees.
Severity
The impact of this vulnerability varies by vendor and application, but in some deployment scenarios it is rated critical. Alternatively contact your vendor for product specific information.
If exploited, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to create a Denial of Service condition against existing TCP connections, resulting in premature session termination. The resulting session termination will affect the application layer, the nature and severity of the effects being dependent on the application layer protocol. The primary dependency is on the duration of the TCP connection, with a further dependency on knowledge of the network (IP) addresses of the end points of the TCP connection.
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is judged to be potentially most affected by this vulnerability.
BGP relies on a persistent TCP session between BGP peers. Resetting the connection can result in medium term unavailability due to the need to rebuild routing tables and route flapping. Route flapping may result in route dampening (suppression) if the route flaps occur frequently within a short time interval. The overall impact on BGP is likely to be moderate based on the likelihood of successful attack. If the TCP MD5 Signature Option and anti-spoofing measures are used then the impact will be low as these measures will successfully mitigate the vulnerability.
There is a potential impact on other application protocols such as DNS (Domain Name System) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in the case of zone transfers and ecommerce transactions respectively, but the duration of the sessions is relatively short and the sessions can be restarted without medium term unavailability problems. In the case of SSL it may be difficult to guess the source IP address.
Data injection may be possible. However, this has not been demonstrated and appears to be problematic. The reason for this is that the receiving TCP implementation checks the sequence number of the RST or SYN packet, which is a 32 bit number, giving a probability of 1/232 of guessing the sequence number correctly (assuming a random distribution).
The discoverer of the practicability of the RST attack was Paul A. Watson, who describes his research in his paper \x93Slipping In The Window: TCP Reset Attacks\x94, presented at the CanSecWest 2004 conference. In a RST/ACK packet an acknowledgement number is included in the packet, although it is not checked by the receiving TCP implementation.)
RFC 793, p36, states the following:
"In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset (RST) segments are validated by checking their SEQ-fields [sequence numbers]. In the SYN-SENT state (a RST received in response to an initial SYN), the RST is acceptable if the ACK field acknowledges the SYN."
Resets must be processed immediately. RFC 793, p25, says "[\x85] [E]ven when the receive window is zero, a TCP must process the RST and URG fields of all incoming segments."
It is also possible to perform the same attack with SYN (synchronise) packets. RFC 793, p31 states:
\x93The principle reason for the three-way handshake is to prevent old duplicate connection initiations from causing confusion. To deal with this, a special control message, reset, has been devised. [\x85] If the TCP is in one of the synchronized states (ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, FIN-WAIT-2, CLOSE-WAIT, CLOSING, LAST-ACK, TIME-WAIT), it aborts the connection and informs its user.\x94
TCP window sizes are negotiated in the initial 3-way handshake used to set up a TCP connection, with higher values serving to improve throughput in some circumstances. Vendor-chosen defaults also influence the selection. An attacker seeking to disrupt an existing TCP connection must supply the 4-tuple correctly. As the source port varies, additional work is generally called for on the part of the attacker. However, research (referenced below) has shown that the process of source port selection on many platforms includes predictable elements, so that the attack remains practicable. By weighting 'likely' source port values carefully, an attacker can disrupt TCP implementations that employ a range of window sizes.
Application layer protocols that are critically affected are those that:
| \x95 | Depend on long lived TCP connections |
| \x95 | Have known or easy-to-guess IP address end points |
| \x95 | Have easy to an easy-to-guess source TCP port |
As noted above BGP does use long lived TCP connections, and the IP addresses and
source port (and destination port) are sometimes available through the use of
BGP looking glasses (multi-source, multi-destination trace route tools) or DNS
resource records. Using \x93trace route\x94 commands can provide information on
peering point IP addresses. Thus BGP is likely to be critically affected by the
TCP vulnerability.
These denial of service attacks can be carried out by single machine, or by
multiple co-operating systems (to form a distributed denial of service attack).
It is also possible to inject packets, which will be processed if they are in
the window. The difficulty with data injection attacks is that the receiving TCP
implementation will reassemble the packets received according to sequence
number, dropping any duplicate packets.
Vendor specific information will be released as it becomes available and if vendor permission has been received. Subscribers are advised to check the following URL regularly for updates:
http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm
[Please note that updates to this advisory will not be notified by email.]
This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE
name
CAN-2004-0230.
The Open Source Vulnerability Database ID
number for this vulnerability is
4030.
Mitigation
The following mitigation steps are still being evaluated and may be incomplete.
Customers should work with vendors for the workaround most appropriate for the
product in question.
In the absence of vendor patching of the TCP implementation, the following are
general mitigating steps:
| \x95 | Implement IP Security (IPSEC) which will encrypt traffic at the network layer, so TCP information will not be visible |
| \x95 | Reduce the TCP window size (although this could increase traffic loss and subsequent retransmission) |
| \x95 | Do not publish TCP source port information |
It should be noted that IPSEC provides confidentiality and authentication
services at the network layer, and can provide a measure of trust in the
authenticity of the end points as well as encryption of traffic between the end
points. However, in the context of the current attack IPSEC will reject
RST and SYN packets that are not part of a secure IP packet stream.
To change the TCP window size, in some Unix variants you can set a value of the
default TCP windows size by using the \x93sysctl\x94 program (\x93ndd -set\x94 in the case
of Sun Solaris). In the case of Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, the default
window size can be changed by modifying the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
key. As noted above, great care should be exercised when altering the default
TCP window size as network performance could be adversely affected.
In the case of BGP, the following may counter the problem:
| \x95 | Implement ingress and egress filtering to check that the traffic entering or leaving the network has a source IP address that is expected on the router/firewall interface that receives the traffic |
| \x95 | Implement the TCP MD5 Signature Option to checksum the TCP packet carrying the BGP application data (see RFC 2385), being careful to set and maintain strong (i.e. difficult to guess) passwords to which the MD5 checksum is applied. Also see RFC 3562 which discusses the security requirements of this keying material. |
| \x95 | Limit the amount of information available through looking glasses and DNS resource records, being careful not to expose TCP port information unnecessarily |
The IETF ingress filtering standard is defined in
RFC 2827.
A discussion of egress filtering can be found at
http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm.
The use of the TCP MD5 Signature Option will prevent the exploitation of this
vulnerability. Router customers should implement this on all BGP peering points
if it is supported by the router, upgrading the router firmware if necessary.
Solution
Please refer to the Vendor Information section of this advisory for
implementation specific remediation.
Some vendors will have reduced the
likelihood of successful denial of service by amending the TCP implementation to
issue a further acknowledgment packet challenge for RST and SYN packets that do
not have exactly the expected sequence number.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has
published an Internet Draft to co-incide
with the release of this advisory.
The text of this draft is available from
the IETF web site:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt
NISCC has produced best practice guidelines for BGP available at
http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf
Secure configuration templates for BGP implementations on Cisco IOS and Juniper JUNOS can be found at:
| \x95 | Cisco | http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html |
| \x95 | Juniper | http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf |
Guidance on tuning of the IP stack for a number of different UNIX operating systems is available at
http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html
Vendor Information
The following vendors have provided information about how their products are affected
by these vulnerabilities.
Please note that JPCERT/CC have released a Japanese language advisory for this vulnerability
which contains additional information regarding Japanese vendors. This advisory is available at
http://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt.
| Certicom | |
|
Certicom has examined the National Infrastructure Security Coordination
Centre (NISCC) advisory and determined it is not vulnerable. Certicom Developer Toolkits for SSL (SSL Plus, SSL Plus for Java, Security Builder SSL-C and Security Builder SSL-J) do not provide a TCP/IP transport mechanism, but rather utilize the supported operating system's TCP/IP stack. The vulnerability is against the TCP/IP stack itself, and not directly against the functionality offered by Certicom toolkits. Therefore, there is no patch or workaround that can be implemented within Certicom products. The patch or workaround must be provided by the operating system vendor. Customers are urged to contact their operating system vendors to determine if they have provided a workaround to this advisory. If you have any further questions please do not hesitate to contact support@certicom.com. |
|
| Check Point | |
| The latest release for VPN-1/FireWall-1
(R55 HFA-03) contains a protection against this vulnerability. The
protection applies to both the firewall device and to hosts behind the
firewall. Please refer to the Check Point web site for further information at: http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html. |
|
| Cisco | |
|
Cisco Systems is addressing the vulnerabilities identified by NISCC
Vulnerability Advisory 236929 across its entire product line. Cisco
has released two related advisories: TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco Products http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple Non-IOS Cisco Products http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml |
|
| Cray Inc | |
| Cray Inc. is vulnerable on their UNICOS, UNICOS/mk and UNICOS/mp systems. Spr's have been opened to track this issue. Please contact your local Cray Service Representative for more information. | |
| Hitachi | |
| Hitachi is investigating the potential impact to Hitachi's products. | |
| Innovaphone | |
| Not vulnerable. | |
| Internet Initiative Japan, Inc (IIJ) | |
| IIJ will release a new firmware to fix this vulnerability. Details are available on their web site at http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt. | |
| InterNiche | |
| === NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP === InterNiche Technologies has updated its NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC Vulnerability Notice #236929. The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the terms of their current support agreements. More information can be found on www.iNiche.com or through support@iNiche.com === NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP === InterNiche Technologies has updated its NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC Vulnerability Notice #236929. The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the terms of their current support agreements. More information can be found on www.iNiche.com or through support@iNiche.com |
|
| Juniper Networks | |
|
Juniper Networks products are susceptible to this vulnerability. Customers
should contact Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center for availability and
download instructions. Additional information is posted on our web site at https://www.juniper.net/support. |
|
| Lucent Technologies | |
| Lucent Technologies is aware of this vulnerability advisory and is investigating any potential impact to its product portfolio. As further information becomes available, Lucent will provide information directly to its customers, if appropriate. | |
| Mitel Networks | |
| Mitel is aware of the vulnerability and is working with the vendors of our underlying networking software to assess the impact and, if necessary, determine potential solutions. When more information becomes available, an advisory will be issued. Please contact 'security@mitel.com' if you have specific questions. | |
| MRLG | |
| A new version of the Multi-Router Looking Glass tool (4.3.0) has been released. This includes a patch that prevents a remote user from utilising the "sh ip bgp neighbors" functionality. This new version is available from ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/. | |
| NEC | |
| NEC is aware of this vulnerability and is trying to determine potential impacts on our products. | |
| Nortel Networks | |
| Nortel Networks has evaluated this issue and testing has confirmed that it
is possible to successfully exploit this vulnerability. However, the
preconditions for a successful exploitation require levels of access to the
network that are unlikely to be achieved in a normal network operating
environment; furthermore, such levels of access would enable other forms of
attack with much greater impact than that achievable by exploiting this
vulnerability. Nortel Networks is continuing to validate that this vulnerability has no serious consequences for Nortel equipment, and will update this statement periodically. |
|
| Polycom | |
|
Polycom has investigated the potential
impact to our products for NISCC Advisory 236929. Specific product information will be provided at http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter. |
|
| Secure Computing Corporation | |
| The Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 firewalls offer protection against this attack at all releases. As application-layer firewalls, Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 offer protection to systems behind the firewall as well as protecting management connections to the firewall. | |
| Yamaha | |
| Pending. |
Acknowledgements
NISCC wishes to thank the following:
| \x95 | Steve Bellovin, Rob Thomas and Paul Watson for their contributions to this advisory. |
| \x95 | Cisco Systems Inc. and Juniper Networks Inc. for their help with the content of this advisory and for their support during the disclosure process. |
| \x95 | JPCERT/CC for their assistance in co-ordinating this disclosure in Japan. |
References
| Internet Engineering Task Force | |||
| RFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt | |||
| RFC 1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt | |||
| RFC 1771 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt | |||
| RFC 2385 Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt | |||
| RFC 2827 Network Ingress Filtering | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt | |||
| RFC 3562 Considerations for the TCP MD5 Signature Option | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt | |||
| RFC 3682 Generalized TTL Security Mechanism | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt | |||
| Internet Draft - Transmission Control Protocol security considerations | |||
| http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt | |||
| NISCC | |||
| Best Practice Guidelines - Border Gateway Protocol | |||
| http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf | |||
| Configuration and Tuning Guides | |||
| Secure BGP Template for Cisco IOS | |||
| http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html | |||
| JUNOS Secure BGP Template | |||
| http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf | |||
| UNIX IP Stack Tuning Guide | |||
| http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html | |||
| Other Documents | |||
| SANS discussion on egress filtering | |||
| http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm | |||
| Vulnerability Databases | |||
| Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) | |||
| http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230 | |||
| Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) | |||
| http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030 |
Contact Information
The NISCC Vulnerability Management Team can be contacted as follows:
| vulteam@niscc.gov.uk
(Please quote the advisory reference in the subject line.) |
|
| Telephone | +44 (0)20 7821 1330 Extension 4511
(Monday to Friday 08:30 - 17:00) |
| Fax | +44 (0)20 7821 1686 |
| Post | Vulnerability Management Team NISCC PO Box 832 London SW1P 1BG |
We encourage those who wish to communicate via email to make use of our PGP key. This is available from http://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc.
Please note that UK government protectively marked material should not be sent to the email address above.
If you wish to be added to our email distribution list, please email your request to uniras@niscc.gov.uk.
What is NISCC?
For further information regarding the UK National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre, please visit the NISCC web site at:
http://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm
Reference to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark manufacturer or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by NISCC. The views and opinions of authors expressed within this notice shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
Neither shall NISCC accept responsibility for any errors or omissions contained within this advisory. In particular, they shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever, arising from or in connection with the usage of information contained within this notice.
\xa9 2004 Crown Copyright
Revision History
| April 20, 2004: | Initial release (1.0) |
| April 21, 2004: | Corrected hyperlinks (1.1) |
| Inserted impact statement for Cisco (1.1) | |
| Inserted impact statement for Mitel (1.1) | |
| Inserted MRLG patch reference (1.2) | |
| April 22, 2004: | Revised impact statement for Certicom (1.3) |
| Inserted impact statement for Nortel Networks (1.3) | |
| Inserted impact statement for Secure Computing Corporation (1.3) | |
| Inserted references section (1.4) | |
| Inserted impact statement for Lucent Technologies (1.4) |
<End of NISCC Vulnerability Advisory>
. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: Denial of Service in TCP packet processing
Category: core Module: inet Announced: 2014-09-16 Credits: Jonathan Looney (Juniper SIRT) Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2014-09-16 09:48:35UTC (stable/10, 10.1-PRERELEASE) 2014-09-16 09:48:35 UTC (stable/10, 10.1-BETA1-p1) 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/10.0, 10.0-RELEASE-p9) 2014-09-16 09:49:11 UTC (stable/9, 9.3-STABLE) 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.3, 9.3-RELEASE-p2) 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.2, 9.2-RELEASE-p12) 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.1, 9.1-RELEASE-p19) 2014-09-16 09:49:11 UTC (stable/8, 8.4-STABLE) 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/8.4, 8.4-RELEASE-p16) CVE Name: CVE-2004-0230
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit . New TCP connections are initiated using special SYN flag in a datagram. Sequencing of data is controlled by 32-bit sequence numbers, that start with a random value and are increased using modulo 232 arithmetic. In case one of the two port numbers is unknown, a successful attack requires less than 217 packets spoofed, which can be generated within less than a second on a decent connection to the Internet. Workaround
It is possible to defend against these attacks with stateful traffic inspection using a firewall. This can be done by enabling pf(4) on the system and creating states for every connection. Even a default ruleset to allow all traffic would be sufficient to mitigate this issue.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
fetch http://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-14:19/tcp.patch
fetch http://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-14:19/tcp.patch.asc
gpg --verify tcp.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile your kernel as described in and reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/8/ r271668 releng/8.4/ r271669 stable/9/ r271668 releng/9.1/ r271669 releng/9.2/ r271669 releng/9.3/ r271669 stable/10/ r271667 releng/10.0/ r271669
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII
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"data": "TCP, when using a large Window Size, makes it easier for remote attackers to guess sequence numbers and cause a denial of service (connection loss) to persistent TCP connections by repeatedly injecting a TCP RST packet, especially in protocols that use long-lived connections, such as BGP. A vulnerability exists in the reliance of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to maintain persistent sessions. Sustained exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a denial-of-service condition affecting a large segment of the Internet community. Normal operations would most likely resume shortly after the attack stopped. TCP Has a sequence number TCP There is a problem that it is justified if it is within the window. Therefore, there is a vulnerability that makes it easy to guess the external sequence number when establishing a long-term connection that increases the window size. Note that products affected by this vulnerability TCP Covers many products with implementation. For more information, NISCC-236929 (JVN) , NISCC Advisory 236929 (CPNI Advisory 00391) Please check also.A third party TCP By predicting the sequence number of a particular TCP Service operation interruption such as forcibly terminating a connection (DoS) There is a possibility of being attacked. A vulnerability in TCP implementations may permit unauthorized remote users to reset TCP sessions. This issue affects products released by multiple vendors. Exploiting this issue may permit remote attackers to more easily approximate TCP sequence numbers. This will permit a remote attacker to inject a SYN or RST packet into the session, causing it to be reset and effectively allowing denial-of-service attacks. An attacker would exploit this issue by sending a packet to a receiving implementation with an approximated sequence number and a forged source IP and TCP port. \nFew factors may present viable target implementations, such as imlementations that:\n- depend on long-lived TCP connections\n- have known or easily guessed IP address endpoints\n- have known or easily guessed TCP source ports. As a result, this issue is likely to affect a number of routing platforms. \nNote also that while a number of vendors have confirmed this issue in various products, investigations are ongoing and it is likely that many other vendors and products will turn out to be vulnerable as the issue is investigated further. \nOther consequences may also result from this issue, such as injecting specific data in TCP sessions, but this has not been confirmed. \n**Update: Microsoft platforms are also reported prone to this vulnerability. Vendor reports indicate that an attacker will require knowledge of the IP address and port numbers of the source and destination of an existent legitimate TCP connection in order to exploit this vulnerability on Microsoft platforms. The following products and versions are affected: Oracle Solaris 10, 11; Openpgp 2.6.2; Mcafee Network Data Loss Prevention 8.6 and earlier, 9.2.0, 9.2.1, 9.2.2; Netbsd 1.5, Version 1.5.1, Version 1.5.2, Version 1.5.3, Version 1.6, Version 1.6.1, Version 1.6.2, Version 2.0; Xinuos Openserver Version 5.0.6, Version 5.0.7; Juniper Networks Junos OS; Xinuos Unixware Version 7.1.1, Version 7.1.3. \n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWant a new IT Security job?\n\nVacant positions at Secunia:\nhttp://secunia.com/secunia_vacancies/\n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTITLE:\nAvaya Intuity Audix TCP Connection Reset Vulnerability\n\nSECUNIA ADVISORY ID:\nSA15263\n\nVERIFY ADVISORY:\nhttp://secunia.com/advisories/15263/\n\nCRITICAL:\nLess critical\n\nIMPACT:\nDoS\n\nWHERE:\n\u003eFrom remote\n\nOPERATING SYSTEM:\nAvaya Intuity Audix R5\nhttp://secunia.com/product/4586/\n\nDESCRIPTION:\nAvaya has acknowledged a vulnerability in Intuity Audix, which can be\nexploited by malicious people to reset established TCP connections on\na vulnerable system. \n\nFor more information:\nSA11440\n\nSOLUTION:\nA patch will reportedly be included in the next major release. \n\nORIGINAL ADVISORY:\nAvaya:\nhttp://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2005-097_SCASA-2005-14.pdf\n\nOTHER REFERENCES:\nSA11440:\nhttp://secunia.com/advisories/11440/\n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAbout:\nThis Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help\neverybody keeping their systems up to date against the latest\nvulnerabilities. \n\nSubscribe:\nhttp://secunia.com/secunia_security_advisories/\n\nDefinitions: (Criticality, Where etc.)\nhttp://secunia.com/about_secunia_advisories/\n\n\nPlease Note:\nSecunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by\nclicking the link. \nSecunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. \nSecunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only\nuse those supplied by the vendor. Routing operations would recover quickly\n after such attacks ended. \n\nI. Description\n\n In 2001, the CERT Coordination Center released CA-2001-09, describing\n statistical weaknesses in various TCP/IP Initial Sequence generators. \n In that document (\u003chttp://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-09.html\u003e),\n it was noted by Tim Newsham:\n\n [I]f a sequence number within the receive window is known, an\n attacker can inject data into the session stream or terminate the\n connection. If the ISN value is known and the number of bytes sent\n already sent is known, an attacker can send a simple packet to\n inject data or kill the session. \n\n Paul Watson has performed the statistical analysis of this attack\n when the ISN is not known and has pointed out that such an attack\n could be viable when specifically taking into account the TCP\n Window size. He has also created a proof-of-concept tool\n demonstrating the practicality of the attack. The National\n Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre (NISCC) has published\n an advisory summarizing Paul Watson\u0027s analysis in \"NISCC\n Vulnerability Advisory 236929,\" available at\n \u003chttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\u003e. \n\n Since TCP is an insecure protocol, it is possible to inject\n transport-layer packets into sessions between hosts given the right\n preconditions. For detailed information about BGP and\n some tips for securing it, please see Cisco System\u0027s documentation\n (\u003chttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/bgp.htm\u003e\n or Team Cymru (\u003chttp://www.cymru.com/\u003e). This may result in a brief\n loss of service until the fresh routing tables are created. When\n this is taken into account, instead of attempting to send a spoofed\n packet with all potential sequence numbers, the attacker would only\n need to calculate an valid sequence number that falls within the next\n expected ISN plus or minus half the window size. According to Paul Watson\u0027s report,\n with a typical xDSL data connection (80 Kbps, upstream) capable of\n sending of 250 packets per second (pps) to a session with a TCP Window\n size of 65,535 bytes, it would be possible to inject a TCP packet\n approximately every 5 minutes. It would take approximately 15 seconds\n with a T-1 (1.544 Mbps) connection. These numbers are significant when\n large numbers of compromised machines (often called \"botnets\" or\n \"zombies\") can be used to generate large amounts of packets that can\n be directed at a particular host. \n\n To protect against such injections, RFC 2385 provides a method of\n using MD5 signatures on the TCP Headers. If this form of verification\n is supported and enabled between two peers, then an attacker would\n have to obtain the key used to transmit the packet in order to\n successfully inject a packet into the TCP session. Another alternative\n would be to tunnel BGP over IPSec. Again, this would provide a form of\n authentication between the BGP peers and the data that they transmit. \n The lack of authentication when using TCP for BGP makes this type of\n attack more viable. \n\n US-CERT is tracking this issue as VU#415294. This reference number\n corresponds to CVE candidate CAN-2004-0230. NISCC is tracking this\n issue as Advisory 236929. \n\nII. Impacts could range from data corruption or session\n hijacking to a denial-of-service condition. \n\nIII. Solution\n\nApply a patch from your vendor\n\n Please see you vendor\u0027s statement regarding the availability of\n patches, updates and mitigation strategies. The lack of cryptographically-strong\n security options for the TCP header itself is a deficiency that\n technologies like IPSec try to address. It must be noted that in the\n final analysis that if an attacker has the ability to see unencrypted\n TCP traffic generated from a site, that site is vulnerable to various\n TCP attacks - not just those mentioned here. A stronger measure that\n would aid in protecting against such TCP attacks is end-to-end\n cryptographic solutions like those outlined in various IPSec\n documents. \n\n The key idea with an end-to-end cryptographic solution is that there\n is some secure verification that a given packet belongs in a\n particular stream. However, the communications layer at which this\n cryptography is implemented will determine its effectiveness in\n repelling ISN based attacks. Solutions that operate above the\n Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4), such as SSL/TLS and SSH1/SSH2, only\n prevent arbitrary packets from being inserted into a session. They are\n unable to prevent a connection reset (denial of service) since the\n connection handling will be done by a lower level protocol (i.e.,\n TCP). On the other hand, Network Layer (OSI Layer 3) cryptographic\n solutions such as IPSec prevent both arbitrary packets entering a\n transport-layer stream and connection resets because connection\n management is directly integrated into the secure Network Layer\n security model. \n\n The solutions presented above have the desirable attribute of not\n requiring any changes to the TCP protocol or implementations to be\n made. RFC2385 (\"Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5\n Signature Option\") and other technologies provide options for adding\n cryptographic protection within the TCP header at the cost of some\n potential denial of service, interoperability, and performance issues. \n\nIngress filtering\n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a network\n under your administrative control. You can configure your BGP routers\n to only accept packets on a specific network connection. Servers are\n typically the only machines that need to accept inbound connections\n from the public Internet. In the network usage policy of many sites,\n there are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound\n connections to machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress\n filtering should be performed at the border to prohibit externally\n initiated inbound connections to non-authorized services. In this\n fashion, the effectiveness of many intruder scanning techniques can be\n dramatically reduced. \n\nNetwork Isolation\n\n Complex networks can benefit by separating data channels and control\n channels, such as BGP, into different logical or physical networks. \n Technologies such as VLANs, VPNs, leased links, NAT may all be able to\n contribute to separating the tranmission of control information from\n the transmission of the data stream. \n\nEgress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need for\n machines providing public services to initiate outbound connections to\n the Internet. \n\n In the case of BGP, only your BGP routers should be establishing\n connections to your peers. Other BGP traffic generated on your network\n could be a sign of an attempted attack. \n\nAppendix A. As\n vendors report new information to US-CERT, we will update the\n vulnerability note. If a particular vendor is not listed in either the\n NISCC advisory, or the vulnerability, we recommend that you contact\n them for their comments. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n US-CERT thanks Paul Watson, Cisco Systems and NISCC for notifying us\n about this problem and for helping us to construct this advisory. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback can be directed to the US-CERT Technical Staff. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Copyright 2004 Carnegie Mellon University. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\nCisco Security Advisory:\\xa0TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco\nProducts\n\nRevision 1.0\n\nFor Public Release 2004 April 20 21:00 UTC (GMT)\n\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nSummary\n=======\nA vulnerability in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) specification\n(RFC793) has been discovered by an external researcher. The successful\nexploitation enables an adversary to reset any established TCP connection\nin a much shorter time than was previously discussed publicly. Depending\non the application, the connection may get automatically re-established. \nIn other cases, a user will have to repeat the action (for example, open\na new Telnet or SSH session). Depending upon the attacked protocol, a\nsuccessful attack may have additional consequences beyond terminated\nconnection which must be considered. This attack vector is only\napplicable to the sessions which are terminating on a device (such as a\nrouter, switch, or computer) and not to the sessions that are only\npassing through the device (for example, transit traffic that is being\nrouted by a router). In addition, this attack vector does not directly\ncompromise data integrity or confidentiality. \n\nThis advisory is available at \nhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml, \nand it describes this vulnerability as it applies to Cisco products that \nrun Cisco IOS\\xae software. \n\nA companion advisory that describes this vulnerability for products that\ndo not run Cisco IOS software is available at \nhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml. The severity of the exposure\ndepends upon the protocols and applications that utilize TCP. \n\nThis attack vector is only applicable to the sessions which are\nterminating on a device (such as a router, switch, or computer), and not\nto the sessions that are only passing through the device (for example,\ntransit traffic that is being routed by a router). \n\nDetails\n=======\nTCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide\nconnection-oriented reliable delivery of a data stream. To accomplish\nthis, TCP uses a mixture of flags to indicate state and sequence numbers\nto identify the order in which the packets are to be reassembled. The acknowledgement number is not used in a packet with the\nreset (RST) flag set because a reset does not expect a packet in return. \nThe full specification of the TCP protocol can be found at \nhttp://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt. \n\nAccording to the RFC793 specification, it is possible to reset an\nestablished TCP connection by sending a packet with the RST or\nsynchronize (SYN) flag set. However, the sequence number does not\nhave to be an exact match; it is sufficient to fall within the advertised\nwindow. This significantly decreases the effort required by an adversary:\nthe larger the window, the easier it is to reset the connection. The destination TCP port is usually\nknown for all standard services (for example, 23 for Telnet, 80 for\nHTTP). Cisco IOS software uses predictable ephemeral ports for known\nservices with a predictable increment (the next port which will be used\nfor a subsequent connection). These values, while constant for a\nparticular Cisco IOS software version and protocol, can vary from one\nrelease to another. \n\nHere is an example of a normal termination of a TCP session:\n \n \n Host(1) Host(2)\n | |\n | |\n | ACK ack=1001, window=5000 |\n |\u003c----------------------------|\n | |\n \n \n \n Host(1) is\n \n closing the session\n \n \n \n | RST seq=1001 |\n |----------------------------\u003e|\n | |\n \n \n \n Host(2) is\n \n closing the session\n \n \nIn addition, the following scenario is also permitted:\n \n \n Host(1) Host(2)\n | |\n | |\n | ACK ack=1001, window=5000 |\n |\u003c----------------------------|\n | |\n \n \n \n Host(1) is\n \n closing the session\n \n \n \n | RST seq=4321 |\n |----------------------------\u003e|\n | |\n \n \n \n Host(2) is\n \n closing the session\n \n \nNote how, in the second example, the RST packet was able to terminate the\nsession although the sequence number was not the next expected one (which\nis 1001). \n\nAs a general rule, all protocols where a TCP connection stays established\nfor longer than one minute should be considered exposed. \n\nThe exposure on this vulnerability can be described as follows:\n \n \n * Cisco IOS - All devices running Cisco IOS software are vulnerable. Sessions passing through the device are vulnerable only if\n the originating or receiving device is vulnerable, but they cannot be\n attacked on the router itself. This vulnerability does not compromise\n data integrity or confidentiality. It only affects availability. \n \n This vulnerability is documented in the Cisco Bug Toolkit as Bug IDs \n CSCed27956 ( registered customers only) and CSCed38527 ( registered\n customers only) . \n \n \n * Cisco IOS Firewall (IOS FW) - The Cisco IOS FW monitors packets\n passing throughout the router and maintains the session state\n internally. This way, it is possible to \"open\" required ports and\n allow traffic to pass and then close them after the session has\n finished. Since Cisco IOS FW intercepts and examines all packets\n passing through the device, all TCP sessions passing through the\n Cisco IOS FW are vulnerable to this attack. This is valid even if the\n originating and receiving devices themselves are not vulnerable. \n \n This vulnerability is documented in the Cisco Bug Toolkit as Bug ID \n CSCed93836 ( registered customers only) . \n \n \n * Network Address Translation (NAT) - This vulnerability does not have\n any effect on NAT. The NAT functionality simply rewrites ports and IP\n addresses. This feature does not interprete TCP flags and therefore\n is not vulnerable to this attack. However, the attacking packet will\n be passed through the router and the receiving device can be\n affected. \n \n\nImpact\n======\nThe impact will be different for each specific protocol. While in the\nmajority of cases a TCP connection will be automatically re-established,\nin some specific protocols a second order of consequences may have a\nlarger impact than tearing down the connection itself. Both external and internal (eBGP and iBGP) sessions\nare equally vulnerable. If an adversary tears down a BGP session between\ntwo routers, then all routes which were advertised between these two\npeers will be withdrawn. This would occur immediately for the router\nwhich has been attacked and after the next update/keepalive packet is\nsent by the other router. The BGP peering session itself will be\nre-established within a minute after the attack. Depending upon the exact\nrouting configuration, withdrawal of the routes may have any of the\nfollowing consequences:\n \n \n * No adverse effects at all if an appropriate static route(s) has(have)\n been defined on both sides of the affected session. \n \n * The traffic will be rerouted along other paths. This may cause some\n congestion along these paths. \n \n * A portion of the network will be completely isolated and unreachable. \n \n\nIf a BGP peering session is broken a few times within a short time\ninterval, then BGP route dampening may be invoked. Dampening means that\naffected routes will be withdrawn from the Internet routing table for\nsome period of time. By default that time is 45 minutes. During that\ntime, all of the traffic whose route was advertised over the attacked BGP\nsession will either be rerouted or a portion of the network will be\nunreachable. Route dampening is not enabled by default. \n\nCisco IOS Firewall Feature Set\n- ------------------------------\nIt is possible to terminate an established TCP-based connection even if\nboth endpoints are not vulnerable to this attack. \n\nSoftware Versions and Fixes\n===========================\nEach row of the table describes a release train and the platforms or\nproducts for which it is intended. If a given release train is\nvulnerable, then the earliest possible releases that contain the fix and\nthe anticipated date of availability for each are listed in the Rebuild,\nInterim, and Maintenance columns. In some cases, no rebuild of a\nparticular release is planned; this is marked with the label \"Not\nscheduled.\" A device running any release in the given train that is\nearlier than the release in a specific column (less than the earliest\nfixed release) is known to be vulnerable, and it should be upgraded at\nleast to the indicated release or a later version (greater than the\nearliest fixed release label). \n\nWhen selecting a release, keep in mind the following definitions:\n \n \n * Maintenance\n Most heavily tested and highly recommended release of any label in a\n given row of the table. \n \n \n * Rebuild\n Constructed from the previous maintenance or major release in the\n same train, it contains the fix for a specific vulnerability. \n Although it receives less testing, it contains only the minimal\n changes necessary to effect the repair. Cisco has made available\n several rebuilds of mainline trains to address this vulnerability,\n but strongly recommends running only the latest maintenance release\n on mainline trains. \n \n \n * Interim\n Built at regular intervals between maintenance releases and receives\n less testing. Interims should be selected only if there is no other\n suitable release that addresses the vulnerability, and interim images\n should be upgraded to the next available maintenance release as soon\n as possible. Interim releases are not available through\n manufacturing, and usually they are not available for customer\n download from CCO without prior arrangement with the Cisco Technical\n Assistance Center (TAC). \n \n\nIn all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices\nto be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and\nsoftware configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new\nrelease. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco TAC for\nassistance, as shown in the section following this table. \n\nFixed Cisco IOS Software Images for Cisco IOS Firewall\n\n+------------+---------------------------------+\n| Major | Availability of Repaired |\n| Release | Releases* |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.1-Based | | ** | |\n| Release | | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1 | 12.1 | | |\n| | (22c) | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1E | 12.1 | | |\n| | (19)E7 | | |\n| +---------+---------+-------------+\n| | | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.2-Based | | ** | |\n| Release | | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2 | 12.2 | | |\n| | (21b) | | |\n| +---------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2 | | |\n| | (23a) | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2T | 12.2 | | |\n| | (11)T11 | | |\n| +---------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2 | | |\n| | (13)T12 | | |\n| +---------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2 | | |\n| | (15)T12 | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.3-Based | | ** | |\n| Release | | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3 | 12.3 | | |\n| | (5c) | | |\n| +---------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3 | | |\n| | (6a) | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3T | 12.3(4) | | |\n| | T4 | | |\n+------------+---------+---------+-------------+\n\nFixed Cisco IOS Software Releases and Migration Path\n\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| Major | Availability of Repaired Releases* |\n| Release | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 11.1 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 11.1 | 11.1 Vulnerable. Migrate to 11.2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 11.1AA | 11.1AA Vulnerable. Migrate to 11.2P |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 11.1CC | 11.1CC Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 11.2 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 11.2 | 11.2(26f) | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 11.2P | 11.2(26)P6 | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 11.2SA | 11.2(8)SA6 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.0 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 11.3 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 11.3 | 11.3 Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 11.3(11b)T4 | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 11.3(11e) | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.0 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0 | 12.0(28) | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0DA | 12.0DA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2DA |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0DB | 12.0DB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1DB |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0DC | 12.0DC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1DC |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0S | 12.0(27)S | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.0(26)S2 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.0(16)S11 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.0(24)S5 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.0(25)S3 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.0(23)S6 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0SL | 12.0SL Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 |\n| | (23)S3 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0ST | 12.0ST Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 |\n| | (26)S2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0SX | 12.0(25)SX4 Not built - contact TAC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0SZ | 12.0SZ Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.0 |\n| | (26)S2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0T | 12.0T Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.1 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0W5 | 12.0(28)W5 | | |\n| | (30) | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0WC | 12.0(5)WC9a | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.0WT | 12.0(13)WT Vulnerable. End of |\n| | Engineering |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0WX | 12.0(4)WX Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.0W5 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XA | 12.0(1)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XB | 12.0(1)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XC | 12.0(2)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XD | 12.0(2)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XE | 12.0(7)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1E Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XG | 12.0(3)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XH | 12.0(4)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XI | 12.0(4)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XJ | 12.0(4)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XK | 12.0(7)XK Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XL | 12.0(4)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XM | 12.0(4)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XN | 12.0(5)XN Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XP | 12.0(5.1)XP Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XQ | 12.0(5)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XR | 12.0(7)XR Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XS | 12.0(5)XS Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1E Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XU | 12.0(5)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.0(5)WC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.0XV | 12.0(7)XV Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.1 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1 | 12.1(20a) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(4c) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(22a) | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1AA | 12.1(10)AA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 Latest |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1AX | 12.1(14)AX | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1AY | 12.1(13)AY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1(14)EA1 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1DA | 12.2DA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2DA |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1DB | 12.1(5)DB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2B |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1E | 12.1(19)E7 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(22)E1 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(11b) | | |\n| | E14 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(20)E2 Not built - contact TAC |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(19)E6 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(13)E13 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(8b)E18 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(14)E10 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(13)E14 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EA | 12.1(20)EA1 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EB | 12.1(20)EB | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EC | 12.1(20)EC | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EO | 12.1(20)EO | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.1(19)EO2 | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-25 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EU | 12.1(20)EU | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EV | 12.1(12c)EV Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(RLS4)S |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EW | 12.1(20)EW2 | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1EX | 12.1EX Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.1 |\n| | (14)E |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1EY | 12.1(10)EY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1(14)E |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1T | 12.1(5)T17 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.1XA | 12.1(1)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1(5)T18 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XB | 12.1(1)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XC | 12.1(1)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XD | 12.1(1)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XE | 12.1(1)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1E Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XF | 12.1(2)XF Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XG | 12.1(3)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XH | 12.1(2a)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XI | 12.1(3a)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2 Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XJ | 12.1(3)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XL | 12.1(3)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XM | 12.1(5)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XP | 12.1(3)XP Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XQ | 12.1(3)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XR | 12.1(5)XR Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XT | 12.1(3)XT Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XU | 12.1(5)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1XV | 12.1(5)XV Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2XB |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YA | 12.1(5)YA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YB | 12.1(5)YB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YC | 12.1(5)YC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YD | 12.1(5)YD Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YE | 12.1(5)YE5 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(2)YC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YF | 12.1(5)YF2 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(2)YC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YH | 12.1(5)YH2 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(13)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YI | 12.1(5)YI2 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(2)YC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.1YJ | 12.1(11)YJ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.1EA Latest |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.2 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2 | 12.2(19b) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(16f) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(21a) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(23) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(12i) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(10g) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(13e) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(17d) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(21b) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(23a) | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2B | 12.2(2)B - 12.2(4)B7 Vulnerable. |\n| | Migrate to 12.2(13)T12 |\n| +-------------------------------------+\n| | 12.2(4)B8 AND FWD Vulnerable. |\n| | Migrate to 12.3(5a)B1 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2BC | 12.2(15) | | |\n| | BC1C | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2BW | 12.2(4)BW Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2BX | 12.2(16)BX2 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2BY | 12.2(4)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)B |\n| +-------------------------------------+\n| | 12.2(8)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)ZB |\n| +-------------------------------------+\n| | 12.2(2)BY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)BZ |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2BZ | 12.2(15)BZ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(16)BX |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2CX | 12.2(11)CX Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)BC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2CY | 12.2(11)CY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(13)BC1C |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2DD | 12.2DD Vulnerable. Migrate to 12.2 |\n| | (4)B1 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2DX | 12.2(1)DX Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2DD |\n| +-------------------------------------+\n| | 12.2(2)DX Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2B Latest |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2EW | 12.2(18)EW | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2JA | 12.2(13)JA4 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(13)JA2 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(11)JA3 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2MC | 12.2(15) | | |\n| | MC1B | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2S | 12.2(22)S | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(14)S7 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(20)S1 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(20)S3 | | |\n| | Available | | |\n| | on | | |\n| | 2004-Apr-21 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(18)S3 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SE | 12.2(18)SE | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SW | 12.2(21)SW | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SX | 12.2(17a) | | |\n| | SX2 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SXA | 12.2(17b) | | |\n| | SXA1 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SXB | 12.2(17d)SXB1 Not built - contact |\n| | TAC |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SY | 12.2(14)SY3 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2SZ | 12.2(14)SZ6 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2T | 12.2(15)T11 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(13)T12 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(11)T11 Not built - contact TAC |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(13)T11 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2XA | 12.2(2)XA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(11)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XB | 12.2(2)XB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XC | 12.2(2)XC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)ZB |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XD | 12.2(1)XD Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XE | 12.2(1)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XF | 12.2(1)XF1 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(4)BC1C |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XG | 12.2(2)XG Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XH | 12.2(2)XH Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XI | 12.2(2)XI2 Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XJ | 12.2(2)XJ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XK | 12.2(2)XK Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XL | 12.2(4)XL Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XM | 12.2(4)XM Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XN | 12.2(2)XN Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(11)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XQ | 12.2(2)XQ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XS | 12.2(1)XS Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(11)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XT | 12.2(2)XT Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(11)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XU | 12.2(2)XU Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2XW | 12.2(4)XW Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(13)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YA | 12.2(4)YA Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YB | 12.2(4)YB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YC | 12.2(2)YC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(11)T11 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YD | 12.2(8)YD Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(8)YY |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YE | 12.2(9)YE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2S |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YF | 12.2(4)YF Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YG | 12.2(4)YG Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(13)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YH | 12.2(4)YH Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YJ | 12.2(8)YJ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T12 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YK | 12.2(2)YK Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(13)ZC |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YL | 12.2(8)YL Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YM | 12.2(8)YM Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YN | 12.2(8)YN Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YO | 12.2(9)YO Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(14)SY |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YP | 12.2(11)YP Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2T Latest |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YQ | 12.2(11)YQ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YR | 12.2(11)YR Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YS | 12.2(11)YS Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YT | 12.2(11)YT Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(15)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YU | 12.2(11)YU Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YV | 12.2(11)YV Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(4)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YW | 12.2(8)YW Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YX | 12.2(11)YX Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(RLS3)S |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YY | 12.2(8)YY Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(1)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2YZ | 12.2(11)YZ Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(14)SZ |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZA | 12.2(14)ZA6 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZB | 12.2(8)ZB Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZC | 12.2(13)ZC Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZD | 12.2(13)ZD1 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZE | 12.2(13)ZE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3 |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZF | 12.2(13)ZF Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(4)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZG | 12.2(13)ZG Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(4)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZH | 12.2(13)ZH Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(4)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZI | 12.2(11)ZI Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.2(18)S |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZJ | 12.2(15)ZJ5 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.2(15)ZJ4 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZK | 12.2(15)ZK Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZL | 12.2(15)ZL Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(7)T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.2ZN | 12.2(15)ZN Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3(2)T |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.2ZP | 12.2(13)ZP3 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| Affected | Rebuild | Interim | Maintenance |\n| 12.3 | | ** | |\n| -Based | | | |\n| Release | | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3 | 12.3(3e) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3(6) | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3(5b) | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3B | 12.3(5a)B | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3(3)B1 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3BW | 12.3(1a)BW Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3B |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3T | 12.3(2)T4 | | |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3(7)T1 Not built - contact TAC |\n| +-------------+---------+-------------+\n| | 12.3(4)T3 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XA | 12.3(2)XA Vulnerable. Contact TAC. |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XB | 12.3(2)XB2 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XC | 12.3(2)XC2 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XD | 12.3(4)XD1 | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XE | 12.3(2)XE Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.3XF | 12.3(2)XF Vulnerable. Contact TAC |\n| | if needed. |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XG | 12.3(4)XG | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XH | 12.3(4)XH | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XI | 12.3(7)XI Vulnerable. Migrate to |\n| | 12.3T |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.3XJ | 12.3(7)XJ Vulnerable. Contact TAC |\n| | if needed |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XK | 12.3(4)XK | | |\n+----------+-------------+---------+-------------+\n| 12.3XL | 12.3(7)XL Vulnerable. Contact Tac |\n| | if needed |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.3XM | 12.3(9)XM Vulnerable. Contact TAC |\n| | if needed. |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.3XN | 12.3(4)XN Vulnerable. Contact TAC |\n| | if needed. |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| 12.3XQ | 12.3(4)XQ Vulnerable. Contact TAC |\n| | if needed. |\n+----------+-------------------------------------+\n| * All dates are estimated and subject to |\n| change. |\n| |\n| ** Interim releases are subjected to less |\n| rigorous testing than regular maintenance |\n| releases, and may have serious bugs. |\n+------------------------------------------------+\n\nObtaining Fixed Software\n========================\nCustomers with Service Contracts\n\nCustomers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their\nregular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades\nshould be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco\u0027s worldwide\nwebsite at http://www.cisco.com. \n\nCustomers using Third-party Support Organizations\n\nCustomers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through prior\nor existing agreement with third-party support organizations such as\nCisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers should contact\nthat support organization for assistance with the upgrade, which should\nbe free of charge. \n\nCustomers without Service Contracts\n\nCustomers who purchase direct from Cisco but who do not hold a Cisco\nservice contract and customers who purchase through third-party vendors\nbut are unsuccessful at obtaining fixed software through their point of\nsale should get their upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical\nAssistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows. \n \n \n * +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America)\n \n * +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world)\n \n * e-mail: tac@cisco.com\n \n\nSee http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml for\nadditional TAC contact information, including special localized telephone\nnumbers and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various\nlanguages. \n\nPlease have your product serial number available and give the URL of this\nnotice as evidence of your entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades\nfor non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC. \n\nPlease do not contact either \"psirt@cisco.com\" or\n\"security-alert@cisco.com\" for software upgrades. \n\nWorkarounds\n===========\nThe effectiveness of any workaround is dependent on specific customer\nsituations such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and\norganizational mission. Due to the variety of affected products and\nreleases, customers should consult with their service provider or support\norganization to ensure any applied workaround is the most appropriate for\nuse in the intended network before it is deployed. \n\nThere are no workarounds available to mitigate the effects of this\nvulnerability on Cisco IOS Firewall. \n\nFor BGP, we will present the workaround and only a few mitigation\ntechniques. For additional information regarding BGP security risk\nassessment, mitigation techniques, and deployment best practices, please\nconsult ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/cons/isp/security/\nBGP-Risk-Assesment-v.pdf. \n \n \n * BGP MD5 secret\n \n The workaround for BGP is to configure MD5 secret for each session\n between peers. This can be configured as shown in the following\n example:\n router(config)#router bgp \u003cAS-_number\u003e\n router(config-router)#neighbor \u003cIP_address\u003e password \u003center_your_secret_here\u003e\n \n It is necessary to configure the same shared MD5 secret on both peers\n and at the same time. Failure to do so will break the existing BGP\n session and the new session will not get established until the exact\n same secret is configured on both devices. For a detailed discussion\n on how to configure BGP, refer to the following document \n http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/\n products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00800ca571.html . Once the\n secret is configured, it is prudent to change it periodically. The\n exact period must fit within your company security policy but it\n should not be longer than a few months. When changing the secret,\n again it must be done at the same time on both devices. Failure to do\n so will break your existing BGP session. The exception is if your\n Cisco IOS software release contains the integrated CSCdx23494 ( \n registered customers only) fix. With this fix, the BGP session will\n not be terminated when the MD5 secret is changed only on one side. \n The BGP updates, however, will not be processed until either the same\n secret is configured on both devices or the secret is removed from\n both devices. \n \n\nIt is possible to mitigate the exposure for BGP on this vulnerability by\napplying one or more of the following measures which will lessen the\npotential for the necessary spoofing required to implement a successful\nattack:\n \n \n * Blocking access to the core infrastructure\n \n Although it is often difficult to block traffic transiting your\n network, it is possible to identify traffic which should never be\n allowed to target your infrastructure devices and block that traffic\n at the border of your network. Infrastructure access control lists\n (ACLs) are considered a network security best practice and should be\n considered as a long-term addition to good network security as well\n as a workaround for this specific vulnerability. The white paper\n entitled \"Protecting Your Core: Infrastructure Protection Access\n Control Lists\", available at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/\n iacl.html, presents guidelines and recommended deployment techniques\n for infrastructure protection ACLs. Exceptions would include any\n devices which have a legitimate reason to access your infrastructure\n (for example, BGP peers, NTP sources, DNS serves, and so on). All\n other traffic must be able to traverse your network without\n terminating on any of your devices. \n \n \n * Configure anti-spoofing measures on the network edge\n In order for an adversary to use the attack vector described in this\n advisory, it must send packets with the source IP address equal to\n one of the BGP peers. You can block spoofed packets either using the\n Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) feature or by using access\n control lists (ACLs). \n By enabling uRPF, all spoofed packets will be dropped at the first\n device. To enable uRPF, use the following commands:\n router(config)#ip cef \n \n router(config)#ip verify unicast reverse-path\n \n Please consult http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1835\n /products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00800ca7d4.html and ftp://\n ftp-eng.cisco.com/cons/isp/security/URPF-ISP.pdf for further details\n on how uRPF works and how to configure it in various scenarios. This\n is especially important if you are using asymmetric routing. \n ACLs should also be deployed as close to the edge as possible. Unlike\n uRPF, you must specify the exact IP range that is permitted. \n Specifying which addresses should be blocked is not the optimal\n solution because it tends to be harder to maintain. \n \n Caution: In order for anti-spoofing measures to be effective,\n they must be deployed at least one hop away from the devices which\n are being protected. Ideally, they will be deployed at the network\n edge facing your customers. \n \n * Packet rate limiting RST packets are rate-limited in Cisco IOS\n software by default. This feature is introduced in Cisco IOS Software\n Release 10.2. In the case of a storm of RST packets, they are\n effectively limited to one packet per second. In order to be\n successful, an attacker must terminate connection with the first few\n packets. Otherwise, the attack is deemed to be impracticably long. On\n the other hand, SYN packets are not rate-limited in any way. \n Rate limiting can be accomplished either by using Committed Access\n Rate (CAR) or by Control Plane Policing (CPP). While CPP is the\n recommended approach, it is available only for Cisco IOS Software\n Releases 12.2(18)S and 12.3(4)T. It is currently supported only on\n the following routers: 1751, 2600/2600-XM, 3700, 7200, and 7500\n Series. \n\n CAR can be configured as follows:\n\n router(config)#access-list 103 deny tcp any host 10.1.1.1 established\n \n router(config)#access-list 103 permit tcp any host 10.0.0.1\n \n router(config)#interface \u003cinterface\u003e \u003cinterface #\u003e\n \n router(config-if)#rate-limit input access-group 103 8000 8000 8000 \n conform-action transmit exceed-action drop\n \n For details on how to configure and deploy CPP, please consult the\n following document http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/\n ps1838/products_white_paper09186a0080211f39.shtml\n \n\nExploitation and Public Announcements\n=====================================\nThe Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use\nof the vulnerability described in this advisory. \n\nThe exploitation of the vulnerability with packets having RST flag set\n(reset packets) was discovered by Paul (Tony) Watson of OSVDB.org. The\nextension of the attack vector to packets with SYN flag was discovered by\nthe vendors cooperating on the resolution of this issue. \n\nStatus of This Notice: INTERIM\n==============================\nThis is a INTERIM advisory. Although Cisco cannot guarantee the accuracy of\nall statements in this advisory, all of the facts have been checked to\nthe best of our ability. Cisco does not anticipate issuing updated\nversions of this advisory unless there is some material change in the\nfacts. Should there be a significant change in the facts, Cisco may\nupdate this advisory. \n\nA stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this Security Advisory\nthat omits the distribution URL in the following section is an\nuncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual\nerrors. \n\nDistribution\n============\nThis advisory will be posted on Cisco\u0027s worldwide website at \nhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml. \n\nIn addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice is\nclear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the following\ne-mail and Usenet news recipients. \n \n \n * cust-security-announce@cisco.com\n \n * first-teams@first.org (includes CERT/CC)\n \n * bugtraq@securityfocus.com\n \n * vulnwatch@wulnwatch.org\n \n * cisco@spot.colorado.edu\n \n * cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net\n \n * full-disclosure@lists.netsys.com\n \n * comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com\n \n\nFuture updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco\u0027s\nworldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing\nlists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to\ncheck the above URL for any updates. \n\nRevision History\n================\n+----------+-------------+----------------+\n| Revision | 2004-Apr-20 | Initial public |\n| 1.0 | | release. |\n+----------+-------------+----------------+\n\nCisco Security Procedures\n=========================\nComplete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco\nproducts, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering\nto receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco\u0027s\nworldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/\nsec_incident_response.shtml. This includes instructions for press\ninquiries regarding Cisco Security Notices. All Cisco Security Advisories\nare available at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt. \n\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAll contents are Copyright \\xa9 1992-2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights\nreserved. Important Notices and Privacy Statement. \n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: GnuPG v1.2.3 (Cygwin)\n\niD8DBQFAhZTpezGozzK2tZARAkKXAJ9BWwuytT7zwoOL+RkZJPebYN3W3ACfV/+K\n0Fd3MvvRlKSETCrlMGL/dZg=\n=eDSn\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. \n\nThe nonexhaustive list of vulnerable non-IOS based Cisco products is as\nfollows:\n \n * Access Registrar\n\n * BPX, IGX, MGX WAN switches, and the Service Expansion Shelf\n\n * BR340, WGB340, AP340, AP350, BR350 Cisco/Aironet wireless products\n\n * Cache Engine 505 and 570\n\n * CallManager\n\n * Catalyst 1200, 1900, 28xx, 29xx, 3000, 3900, 4000, 5000, 6000\n\n * Cisco 8110 Broadband Network Termination Unit\n\n * Cisco Element Management Framework\n\n * Cisco Info Center\n\n * Cisco Intelligent Contact Management\n\n * Cisco MDS 9000\n\n * Cisco ONS 15190/15194 IP Transport Concentrator\n\n * Cisco ONS 15327 Metro Edge Optical Transport Platform\n\n * Cisco ONS 15454 Optical Transport Platform\n\n * Cisco ONS 15531/15532 T31 OMDS Metro WDM System\n\n * Cisco ONS 15800/15801/15808 Dense Wave Division Multiplexing Platform\n\n * Cisco ONS 15830 T30 Optical Amplification System\n\n * Cisco ONS 15831/15832 T31 DWDM System\n\n * Cisco ONS 15863 T31 Submarine WDM System\n\n * Content Router 4430 and Content Delivery Manager 4630 and 4650\n\n * Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System (NetRanger) appliance and IDS\n Module\n\n * Cisco Secure PIX firewall\n\n * Cisco ws-x6608 and ws-x6624 IP Telephony Modules\n\n * CiscoWorks Windows\n\n * Content Engine 507, 560, 590, and 7320\n\n * CSS11000 (Arrowpoint) Content Services Switch\n\n * Hosting Solution Engine\n\n * User Registration Tool VLAN Policy Server\n\n * Cisco FastHub 300 and 400\n\n * CR-4430-B\n\n * Device Fault Manager\n\n * Internet CDN Content Engine 590 and 7320, Content Distribution\n Manager 4670, and Content Router 4450\n\n * IP Phone (all models including ATA and VG248)\n\n * IP/TV\n\n * LightStream 1010\n\n * LightStream 100 ATM Switches\n\n * LocalDirector\n\n * ME1100 series\n\n * MicroHub 1500,MicroSwitch 1538/1548\n\n * Voice Manager\n\n * RTM\n\n * SN5400 series storage routers\n\n * Switch Probe\n\n * Unity Server\n\n * VG248 Analog Phone Gateway\n\n * Traffic Director\n\n * WAN Manager \n \n\nProducts Confirmed Not Vulnerable\n=================================\nThe following products are not vulnerable:\n \n \n * Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrators\n \n * Cisco Firewall Services Module for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series and\n Cisco 7600 Series (FWSM)\n \n\nDetails\n======\nTCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide\nconnection-oriented reliable delivery of a data stream. The Cisco PSIRT\nhas analyzed multiple TCP-based protocols, as they are used within our\noffering, and we believe that this vulnerability does not have a\nsignificant impact on them. We will present our analysis for a few\nprotocols which have the potential for higher impact due to the long\nlived connections. \n\nVoice signaling H.225, H.245 (part of H.323 suite)\n- --------------------------------------------------\nH.225 and H.245 protocols are used in voice signaling. Their purpose is\nto negotiate parameters for content transfer (voice or video). The\nestablished sessions persist for the duration of a call. Any call in\nprogress is terminated when the signaling session is broken. A new\nsignaling session will be established immediately for the new call, but\nterminated calls cannot be re-established. \n\nEach call from an IP telephone or softphone will result in the creation\nof a single signaling session. It is possible that a single signaling session is\nresponsible for multiple calls, but that setup is used deeper within the\nService Provider\u0027s network. Determining all necessary parameters for\nmounting an attack is deemed a non-trivial task if the network is\ndesigned according to the current best practices. \n\nNetwork Storage (iSCSI, FCIP)\n- -----------------------------\nNetwork Storage products use two TCP-based protocols: SCSI over IP\n(iSCSI) and Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP). \n \n \n * SCSI over IP (iSCSI)\n \n iSCSI is used in a client/server environment. The client is your\n computer and it is only the client that initiates a connection. This\n connection is not shared with any other users. Terminating the session\n will not have any adverse consequences if people are using current\n drivers from Microsoft for Windows and from Cisco for Linux. These\n drivers will re-establish the session and continue transfer from the\n point where it was disconnected. Drivers from other vendors may\n behave differently. \n \n The user may notice that access to a virtual device is slightly\n slower than usual. \n \n \n * Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP)\n \n FCIP is a peer-to-peer protocol. It is used for mirroring data\n between switches. Each peer can initiate the session. Switches can,\n and should be in practice, configured in a mesh. Bringing one link\n down will cause traffic to be re-routed over other link(s). If an\n adversary can manage to terminate the session multiple times in a\n row, the user\u0027s application may terminate with a \"Device unreachable\"\n or similar error message. This does not have any influence on the\n switch itself and the user can retry the operation. \n \n The user may notice that access to a virtual device is slightly\n slower than usual. An occasional error message is possible. SSL/TLS connections can be used to encapsulate\nvarious kinds of traffic and these sessions can be long lived. An\nencrypted session can be attacked either on the originating or\nterminating host or on the firewalls in front of them (if they exist). |\n| | | Customers |\n| | | are |\n| | | encouraged |\n| | | to migrate |\n| | | to IOS. \u003chtml\u003e\n\n\u003chead\u003e\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctitle\u003eNISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\n\u003c!--\nbody { font-family: Verdana }\n--\u003e\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\n\u003cbody bgcolor=\"#FFFFCC\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=Section1 style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e \n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/images/newtitle.gif\" width=\"766\" height=\"80\" alt=\"National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"#FF0000\"\u003eNISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eVulnerability Issues in TCP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eVersion\u003c/font\u003e Information\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"61%\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eAdvisory Reference\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e236929\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eRelease Date\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e20 April 2004\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eLast Revision\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e22 April 2004\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eVersion Number\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e1.4\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eWhat is Affected?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe vulnerability described in this advisory affects implementations of the \nTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) that comply with the Internet Engineering \nTask Force\\x92s (IETF\\x92s) Requests For Comments (RFCs) for TCP, including \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, the \noriginal specification, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\"\u003eRFC 1323\u003c/a\u003e, TCP Extensions for High Performance.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTCP is a \ncore network protocol used in the majority of networked computer systems today. \nMany vendors include support for this protocol in their products and may be \nimpacted to varying degrees. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe impact of this vulnerability varies by vendor and application, but in some \ndeployment scenarios it is rated critical. Alternatively contact your vendor for product specific \ninformation.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIf exploited, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to create a \nDenial of Service condition against existing TCP connections, resulting in \npremature session termination. The resulting session termination will affect the \napplication layer, the nature and severity of the effects being dependent on the \napplication layer protocol. The primary dependency is on the duration of the TCP \nconnection, with a further dependency on knowledge of the network (IP) addresses \nof the end points of the TCP connection.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is judged to be potentially most affected \nby this vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nBGP relies on a persistent TCP session between BGP peers. Resetting the \nconnection can result in medium term unavailability due to the need to rebuild \nrouting tables and route flapping.\u0026nbsp; Route flapping may result in route dampening \n(suppression) if the route flaps occur frequently within a short time interval.\u0026nbsp; The overall impact on BGP is likely to be moderate based on \nthe likelihood of successful attack. If the TCP MD5 Signature Option and \nanti-spoofing measures are used \nthen the impact will be low as these measures will successfully mitigate the \nvulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThere is a potential impact on other application protocols such as DNS (Domain \nName System) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in the case of zone transfers and \necommerce transactions respectively, but the duration of the sessions is \nrelatively short and the sessions can be restarted without medium term \nunavailability problems. In the case of SSL it may be difficult to guess the \nsource IP address.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nData injection may be possible. However, this has not been demonstrated and \nappears to be problematic. The reason \nfor this is that the receiving TCP implementation checks the sequence number of \nthe RST or SYN packet, which is a 32 bit number, giving a probability of 1/2\u003csup\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e32\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of \nguessing the sequence number correctly (assuming a random distribution).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe discoverer of the practicability of the RST attack was Paul A. Watson, who \ndescribes his research in his paper \\x93Slipping In The Window: TCP Reset Attacks\\x94, \npresented at the CanSecWest 2004 conference. In a RST/ACK packet an acknowledgement number is included \nin the packet, although it is not checked by the receiving TCP implementation.)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p36, states the following:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u0026quot;In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset (RST) segments are validated by \nchecking their SEQ-fields [sequence numbers]. In the SYN-SENT state (a RST received in response to an \ninitial SYN), the RST is acceptable if the ACK field acknowledges the SYN.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nResets must be processed immediately. \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p25, says \u0026quot;[\\x85] [E]ven when the \nreceive window is zero, a TCP must process the RST and URG fields of all \nincoming segments.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is also possible to perform the same attack with SYN (synchronise) packets. \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p31 \nstates:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\\x93The principle reason for the three-way handshake is to prevent old duplicate \nconnection initiations from causing confusion. To deal with this, a special \ncontrol message, reset, has been devised. [\\x85] If the TCP is in one of the \nsynchronized states (ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, FIN-WAIT-2, CLOSE-WAIT, CLOSING, \nLAST-ACK, TIME-WAIT), it aborts the connection and informs its user.\\x94\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTCP window sizes are negotiated in the initial 3-way handshake used to set up a \nTCP connection, with higher values serving to improve throughput in some \ncircumstances. Vendor-chosen defaults also influence the selection. An attacker seeking to disrupt an \nexisting TCP connection must supply the 4-tuple correctly. As the source port \nvaries, additional work is generally called for on the part of the attacker. \nHowever, research (referenced below) has shown that the process of source port \nselection on many platforms includes predictable elements, so that the attack \nremains practicable. By weighting \u0027likely\u0027 source port values carefully, an \nattacker can disrupt TCP implementations that employ a range of window sizes.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nApplication layer protocols that are critically affected are those that:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber6\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eDepend on long lived TCP connections\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eHave known or easy-to-guess IP address end points\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eHave easy to an easy-to-guess source TCP port\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs noted above BGP does use long lived TCP connections, and the IP addresses and \nsource port (and destination port) are sometimes available through the use of \nBGP looking glasses (multi-source, multi-destination trace route tools) or DNS \nresource records. Using \\x93trace route\\x94 commands can provide information on \npeering point IP addresses. Thus BGP is likely to be critically affected by the \nTCP vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThese denial of service attacks can be carried out by single machine, or by \nmultiple co-operating systems (to form a distributed denial of service attack).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is also possible to inject packets, which will be processed if they are in \nthe window. The difficulty with data injection attacks is that the receiving TCP \nimplementation will reassemble the packets received according to sequence \nnumber, dropping any duplicate packets.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nVendor specific information will be released as it becomes available and if vendor permission has been received. Subscribers are advised to check the following URL regularly for updates:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ci\u003e[Please note that updates to this advisory will not be notified by email.]\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the \u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cve\"\u003eCVE\u003c/a\u003e \nname \n\u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\"\u003eCAN-2004-0230\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org\"\u003eOpen Source Vulnerability Database\u003c/a\u003e ID \nnumber for this vulnerability is\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\"\u003e4030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMitigation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following mitigation steps are still being evaluated and may be incomplete. \nCustomers should work with vendors for the workaround most appropriate for the \nproduct in question.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the absence of vendor patching of the TCP implementation, the following are \ngeneral mitigating steps:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber4\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eImplement IP Security (IPSEC) which will encrypt traffic at the network layer, \nso TCP information will not be visible\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eReduce the TCP window size (although this could increase \n traffic loss and subsequent retransmission)\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eDo not publish TCP source port information\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that IPSEC provides confidentiality and authentication \nservices at the network layer, and can provide a measure of trust in the \nauthenticity of the end points as well as encryption of traffic between the end \npoints.\u0026nbsp; However, in the context of the current attack IPSEC will reject \nRST and SYN packets that are not part of a secure IP packet stream.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTo change the TCP window size, in some Unix variants you can set a value of the \ndefault TCP windows size by using the \\x93sysctl\\x94 program (\\x93ndd -set\\x94 in the case \nof Sun Solaris). In the case of Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, the default \nwindow size can be changed by modifying the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters \nkey. As noted above, great care should be exercised when altering the default \nTCP window size as network performance could be adversely affected.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the case of BGP, the following may counter the problem:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber5\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eImplement ingress and egress filtering to check that the \n traffic entering or leaving the network has a source IP address that is \n expected on the router/firewall interface that receives the traffic\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eImplement the TCP MD5 Signature Option to checksum the TCP \n packet carrying the BGP application data (see \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\"\u003eRFC 2385\u003c/a\u003e), \nbeing careful to set and maintain strong (i.e. difficult to guess) passwords to \nwhich the MD5 checksum is applied.\u0026nbsp; Also see\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\"\u003eRFC 3562\u003c/a\u003e which discusses \n the security requirements of this keying material.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eLimit the amount of information available through looking \n glasses and DNS resource records, being careful not to expose TCP port \n information unnecessarily\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe IETF ingress filtering standard is defined in \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\"\u003eRFC 2827\u003c/a\u003e. \nA discussion of egress filtering can be found at \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe use of the TCP MD5 Signature Option will prevent the exploitation of this \nvulnerability. Router customers should implement this on all BGP peering points \nif it is supported by the router, upgrading the router firmware if necessary.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSolution\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nPlease refer to the Vendor Information section of this advisory for \nimplementation specific remediation.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSome vendors will have reduced the \nlikelihood of successful denial of service by amending the TCP implementation to \nissue a further acknowledgment packet challenge for RST and SYN packets that do \nnot have exactly the expected sequence number.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org\"\u003eThe Internet Engineering Task Force\u003c/a\u003e (IETF) has \npublished an Internet Draft to co-incide \nwith the release of this advisory.\u0026nbsp;\nThe text of this draft is available from \nthe IETF web site:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\"\u003ehttp://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNISCC has produced best practice guidelines for BGP available at\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP%20Filtering%20Guide.pdf\"\u003ehttp://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSecure configuration templates for BGP implementations on Cisco IOS and Juniper JUNOS can be found at:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber2\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11%\"\u003eCisco\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"99%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11%\"\u003eJuniper \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"99%\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\"\u003ehttp://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\n\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nGuidance on tuning of the IP stack for a number of different UNIX operating systems is available at \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cB\u003eVendor Information\u003c/B\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following vendors have provided information about how their products are affected\nby these vulnerabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ci\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003ePlease note that \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpcert.or.jp\"\u003eJPCERT/CC\u003c/a\u003e have released a Japanese language advisory for this vulnerability\n which contains additional information regarding Japanese vendors. This advisory is available at\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt\"\u003ehttp://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber1\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#certicom\"\u003eCerticom\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#iij\"\u003eInternet Initiative Japan, Inc\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#nec\"\u003eNEC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#checkpoint\"\u003eCheck Point\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#interniche\"\u003eInterNiche\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#nortel\"\u003eNortel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cisco\"\u003eCisco\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#juniper\"\u003eJuniper Networks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#polycom\"\u003ePolycom\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cray\"\u003eCray Inc\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#lucent\"\u003eLucent Technologies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#seccomp\"\u003eSecure Computing Corporation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#hitachi\"\u003eHitachi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#mitel\"\u003eMitel Networks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#yamaha\"\u003eYamaha\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#innovaphone\"\u003eInnovaphone\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#mrlg\"\u003eMRLG\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"certicom\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCerticom\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Certicom has examined the National Infrastructure Security Coordination \n Centre (NISCC) advisory and determined it is not vulnerable.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003eCerticom \n Developer Toolkits for SSL (SSL Plus, SSL Plus for Java, Security Builder \n SSL-C and Security Builder SSL-J) do not provide a TCP/IP transport \n mechanism, but rather utilize the supported operating system\u0027s TCP/IP stack. \n The vulnerability is against the TCP/IP stack itself, and not directly \n against the functionality offered by Certicom toolkits. Therefore, there is \n no patch or workaround that can be implemented within Certicom products. The \n patch or workaround must be provided by the operating system vendor.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Customers are urged to contact their operating system vendors to determine \n if they have provided a workaround to this advisory. If you have any further \n questions please do not hesitate to contact\n \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@certicom.com\"\u003esupport@certicom.com\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"checkpoint\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n Check Point\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eThe latest release for VPN-1/FireWall-1 \n (R55 HFA-03) contains a protection against this vulnerability.\u0026nbsp; The \n protection applies to both the firewall device and to hosts behind the \n firewall.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Please refer to the Check Point web site for further information at:\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ca HREF=\"http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html\"\u003e\n http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"cisco\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCisco\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Cisco Systems is addressing the vulnerabilities identified by NISCC \n Vulnerability Advisory 236929 across its entire product line.\u0026nbsp; Cisco \n has released two related advisories:\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco Products\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple Non-IOS Cisco Products\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"cray\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCray Inc\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eCray Inc. is vulnerable on their UNICOS, \n UNICOS/mk and UNICOS/mp systems.\u0026nbsp; Spr\u0027s have been opened to track this \n issue.\u0026nbsp; Please contact your local Cray Service Representative for more \n information.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"hitachi\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHitachi\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Hitachi is investigating the potential impact to Hitachi\u0027s products.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"innovaphone\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInnovaphone\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n Not vulnerable.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"iij\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInternet Initiative Japan, Inc (IIJ)\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n IIJ will release a new firmware to fix this vulnerability.\u0026nbsp; Details are \n available on their web site at\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"interniche\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInterNiche\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e=== NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP ===\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n InterNiche Technologies has updated its \n NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC \n Vulnerability Notice #236929.\u0026nbsp;\n The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the \n terms of their current support agreements.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n More information can be found on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iNiche.com\"\u003ewww.iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e or through \n \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@iNiche.com\"\u003esupport@iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n === NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP ===\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n InterNiche Technologies has updated its \n NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC \n Vulnerability Notice #236929.\u0026nbsp;\n The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the \n terms of their current support agreements. \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n More information can be found on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iNiche.com\"\u003ewww.iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e or through \n \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@iNiche.com\"\u003esupport@iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"juniper\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n Juniper Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Juniper Networks products are susceptible to this vulnerability. Customers\n should contact Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center for availability and\n download instructions.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003eAdditional information is posted on our web site at\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.juniper.net/support\"\u003ehttps://www.juniper.net/support\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"lucent\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eLucent Technologies\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eLucent Technologies is aware of this \n vulnerability advisory and is investigating any potential impact to its \n product portfolio. As further information becomes available, Lucent will \n provide information directly to its customers, if appropriate.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"mitel\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMitel Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Mitel is aware of the vulnerability and is \n working with the vendors of our underlying networking software to assess the \n impact and, if necessary, determine potential solutions. When more \n information becomes available, an advisory will be issued. Please contact \u0027\u003ca href=\"mailto:security@mitel.com\"\u003esecurity@mitel.com\u003c/a\u003e\u0027 \n if you have specific questions.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"mrlg\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMRLG\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eA new version of the Multi-Router Looking Glass tool (4.3.0) has been released.\u0026nbsp; \n This includes a patch that prevents a remote user from utilising the \u0026quot;sh ip \n bgp neighbors\u0026quot; functionality.\u0026nbsp; This new version is available from\n \u003ca href=\"ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/\"\u003e\n ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"nec\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNEC\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n NEC is aware of this vulnerability and is trying to determine potential \n impacts on our products.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"nortel\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNortel Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eNortel Networks has evaluated this issue and testing has confirmed that it \n is possible to successfully exploit this vulnerability. However, the \n preconditions for a successful exploitation require levels of access to the \n network that are unlikely to be achieved in a normal network operating \n environment; furthermore, such levels of access would enable other forms of \n attack with much greater impact than that achievable by exploiting this \n vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Nortel Networks is continuing to validate that this \n vulnerability has no serious consequences for Nortel equipment, and will \n update this statement periodically.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"polycom\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003ePolycom\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Polycom has investigated the potential \n impact to our products for NISCC Advisory 236929.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n Specific product information will be provided at\n \u003ca HREF=\"http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter\"\u003e\n http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"seccomp\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eSecure Computing Corporation\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eThe Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 firewalls offer protection against this \n attack at all releases. As application-layer firewalls, Sidewinder and \n Sidewinder G2 offer protection to systems behind the firewall as well as \n protecting management connections to the firewall.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"yamaha\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eYamaha\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n Pending.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNISCC wishes to thank the following:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber3\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eSteve Bellovin, Rob Thomas and Paul Watson for their \n contributions to this advisory.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eCisco Systems Inc. and Juniper Networks Inc. for their help \n with the content of this advisory and for their support during the \n disclosure process.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eJPCERT/CC for their assistance in co-ordinating this disclosure \n in Japan.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReferences\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber7\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eInternet Engineering Task Force\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 1771 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 2385 Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP \n MD5 Signature Option\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 2827 Network Ingress Filtering\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 3562 Considerations for the TCP MD5 \n Signature Option\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 3682 Generalized TTL Security Mechanism\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eInternet Draft - Transmission Control Protocol \n security considerations\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\"\u003e\n http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNISCC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eBest Practice Guidelines - Border Gateway \n Protocol\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP%20Filtering%20Guide.pdf\"\u003e\n http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eConfiguration and Tuning Guides\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eSecure BGP Template for Cisco IOS\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003e\n http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eJUNOS Secure BGP Template\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\"\u003e\n http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eUNIX IP Stack Tuning Guide\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\"\u003e\n http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther Documents\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eSANS discussion on egress filtering\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\"\u003e\n http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eVulnerability Databases\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eCommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\"\u003e\n http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eOpen Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB)\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\"\u003e\n http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eContact Information\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe NISCC Vulnerability Management Team can be contacted as follows:\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"87%\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eEmail\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:vulteam@niscc.gov.uk\"\u003evulteam@niscc.gov.uk\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e(Please quote the advisory reference in the subject line.)\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eTelephone\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e +44 (0)20 7821 1330 Extension 4511\n \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e(Monday to Friday 08:30 - 17:00)\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eFax\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e +44 (0)20 7821 1686\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003ePost\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e Vulnerability Management Team\u003cbr\u003e\n NISCC\u003cbr\u003e\n PO Box 832\u003cbr\u003e\n London\u003cbr\u003e\n SW1P 1BG\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\nWe encourage those who wish to communicate via email to make use of our PGP key. This is available from \u003ca href=\"http://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc\"\u003ehttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nPlease note that UK government protectively marked material should not be sent to the email address above.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIf you wish to be added to our email distribution list, please email your request to \u003ca href=\"mailto:uniras@niscc.gov.uk\"\u003euniras@niscc.gov.uk\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\nWhat is NISCC?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nFor further information regarding the UK National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre, please visit the NISCC web site at:\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nReference to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark manufacturer or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by NISCC. The views and opinions of authors expressed within this notice shall not be used for advertising\nor product endorsement purposes.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNeither shall NISCC accept responsibility for any errors or omissions contained within this advisory. In particular, they shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever, arising from or in connection with the usage of information contained within this notice.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\\xa9 2004 Crown Copyright\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nRevision History\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 20\u003c/font\u003e\u003cSMALL\u003e, 2004:\n\u003c/SMALL\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cSMALL\u003e\n Initial release (1.0)\u003c/SMALL\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 21, 2004:\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eCorrected hyperlinks (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Cisco (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Mitel (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted MRLG patch reference (1.2)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 22, 2004:\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eRevised impact statement for Certicom (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Nortel Networks (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Secure Computing Corporation (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted references section (1.4)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Lucent Technologies (1.4)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n \u003c/table\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u0026lt;End of NISCC Vulnerability Advisory\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/body\u003e\n\n\u003c/html\u003e. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: Denial of Service in TCP packet processing\n\nCategory: core\nModule: inet\nAnnounced: 2014-09-16\nCredits: Jonathan Looney (Juniper SIRT)\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2014-09-16 09:48:35UTC (stable/10, 10.1-PRERELEASE)\n 2014-09-16 09:48:35 UTC (stable/10, 10.1-BETA1-p1)\n 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/10.0, 10.0-RELEASE-p9)\n 2014-09-16 09:49:11 UTC (stable/9, 9.3-STABLE)\n 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.3, 9.3-RELEASE-p2)\n 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.2, 9.2-RELEASE-p12)\n 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/9.1, 9.1-RELEASE-p19)\n 2014-09-16 09:49:11 UTC (stable/8, 8.4-STABLE)\n 2014-09-16 09:50:19 UTC (releng/8.4, 8.4-RELEASE-p16)\nCVE Name: CVE-2004-0230\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:http://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. New TCP connections are initiated using special SYN\nflag in a datagram. Sequencing of data is controlled by 32-bit sequence\nnumbers, that start with a random value and are increased using modulo\n2**32 arithmetic. In case one of the two port numbers is unknown, a successful\nattack requires less than 2**17 packets spoofed, which can be\ngenerated within less than a second on a decent connection to the\nInternet. Workaround\n\nIt is possible to defend against these attacks with stateful traffic\ninspection using a firewall. This can be done by enabling pf(4) on\nthe system and creating states for every connection. Even a default\nruleset to allow all traffic would be sufficient to mitigate this\nissue. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n# fetch http://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-14:19/tcp.patch\n# fetch http://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-14:19/tcp.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify tcp.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile your kernel as described in\n\u003cURL:http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html\u003e and reboot the\nsystem. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/8/ r271668\nreleng/8.4/ r271669\nstable/9/ r271668\nreleng/9.1/ r271669\nreleng/9.2/ r271669\nreleng/9.3/ r271669\nstable/10/ r271667\nreleng/10.0/ r271669\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII",
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VAR-201710-0211
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 22:45Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a GTK group key reload vulnerability in the fourth handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
APPLE-SA-2017-12-12-2 AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9
AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9 is now available and addresses the following:
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker within range may be able to execute arbitrary code on the Wi-Fi chip Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-9417: Nitay Artenstein of Exodus Intelligence
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA unicast/PTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK) Description: A logic issue existed in the handling of state transitions. This was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-13077: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven CVE-2017-13078: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
AirPort Base Station Firmware Available for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac Impact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA multicast/GTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK) Description: A logic issue existed in the handling of state transitions. This was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
Installation note:
Firmware version 7.7.9 is installed on AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac using AirPort Utility for Mac or iOS.
AirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from https://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS is a free download from the App Store. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03
https://security.gentoo.org/
Severity: Normal Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK) attacks Date: November 10, 2017 Bugs: #634436, #634438 ID: 201711-03
Synopsis
A flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and wpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle attack.
Affected packages
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 net-wireless/hostapd < 2.6-r1 >= 2.6-r1 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant < 2.6-r3 >= 2.6-r3 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 affected packages
Description
WiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it's associated technologies are all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details.
Impact
An attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in order to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker can potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS), inject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks.
Workaround
There is no known workaround at this time.
Resolution
All hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1"
All wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot -v ">=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3"
References
[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077 [ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078 [ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079 [ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080 . 6) - i386, x86_64
- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a GTK group key reload vulnerability in the fourth handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\nAPPLE-SA-2017-12-12-2 AirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware Update 7.7.9 is now available and\naddresses the following:\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker within range may be able to execute arbitrary\ncode on the Wi-Fi chip\nDescription: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-9417: Nitay Artenstein of Exodus Intelligence\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA\nunicast/PTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK)\nDescription: A logic issue existed in the handling of state\ntransitions. This was addressed with improved state management. \nCVE-2017-13077: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\nCVE-2017-13078: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nAirPort Base Station Firmware\nAvailable for: AirPort Extreme and AirPort Time Capsule base stations\nwith 802.11ac\nImpact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA\nmulticast/GTK clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK)\nDescription: A logic issue existed in the handling of state\ntransitions. This was addressed with improved state management. \nCVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nInstallation note:\n\nFirmware version 7.7.9 is installed on AirPort Extreme or\nAirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11ac using\nAirPort Utility for Mac or iOS. \n\nAirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from\nhttps://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS\nis a free download from the App Store. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nGentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n https://security.gentoo.org/\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\n Severity: Normal\n Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK)\n attacks\n Date: November 10, 2017\n Bugs: #634436, #634438\n ID: 201711-03\n\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\nSynopsis\n========\n\nA flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and\nwpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle\nattack. \n\nAffected packages\n=================\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 1 net-wireless/hostapd \u003c 2.6-r1 \u003e= 2.6-r1 \n 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant\n \u003c 2.6-r3 \u003e= 2.6-r3 \n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 2 affected packages\n\nDescription\n===========\n\nWiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it\u0027s associated technologies\nare all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced\nCVE identifiers for details. \n\nImpact\n======\n\nAn attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in\norder to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker\ncan potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS),\ninject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks. \n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nThere is no known workaround at this time. \n\nResolution\n==========\n\nAll hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \"\u003e=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1\"\n\nAll wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot -v \"\u003e=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3\"\n\nReferences\n==========\n\n[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077\n[ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078\n[ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079\n[ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080\n. 6) - i386, x86_64\n\n3. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address",
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VAR-201710-0207
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 21:51Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) during the group key handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The GTK group key reloading vulnerability exists in the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.
- Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues.
- Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1
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-- RHSA-announce mailing list RHSA-announce@redhat.com https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rhsa-announce . CVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
Installation note:
Firmware version 7.6.9 is installed on AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme, or AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11n using AirPort Utility for Mac or iOS.
AirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from https://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS is a free download from the App Store. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
APPLE-SA-2017-12-13-6 Additional information for APPLE-SA-2017-12-6-2 iOS 11.2
iOS 11.2 addresses the following:
IOKit Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges Description: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed through improved state management. CVE-2017-13847: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero
IOMobileFrameBuffer Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privilege Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-13879: Apple
IOSurface Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-13861: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero
Kernel Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-13862: Apple CVE-2017-13876: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13867: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero
Kernel Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to read restricted memory Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2017-13833: Brandon Azad
Kernel Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to read restricted memory Description: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-13855: Jann Horn of Google Project Zero
Kernel Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An application may be able to read restricted memory Description: A validation issue was addressed with improved input sanitization. CVE-2017-13865: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13868: Brandon Azad CVE-2017-13869: Jann Horn of Google Project Zero
Mail Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: Incorrect certificate is used for encryption Description: A S/MIME issue existed in the handling of encrypted email. This issue was addressed through improved selection of the encryption certificate. CVE-2017-13874: an anonymous researcher
Mail Drafts Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: An attacker with a privileged network position may be able to intercept mail Description: An encryption issue existed with S/MIME credetials. The issue was addressed with additional checks and user control. CVE-2017-13860: Michael Weishaar of INNEO Solutions GmbH
Mail Message Framework Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing Description: An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-2433: an anonymous researcher, an anonymous researcher, an anonymous researcher
WebKit Available for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod touch 6th generation Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution Description: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2017-7156: an anonymous researcher CVE-2017-7157: an anonymous researcher CVE-2017-13856: Jeonghoon Shin CVE-2017-13870: an anonymous researcher CVE-2017-13866: an anonymous researcher Entry added December 13, 2017
Wi-Fi Available for: iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone SE, iPhone 5s, 12.9-inch iPad Pro 1st generation, iPad Air 2, iPad Air, iPad 5th generation, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 2, and iPod touch 6th generation Released for iPhone 7 and later and iPad Pro 9.7-inch (early 2016) and later in iOS 11.1. This was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU Leuven
Installation note:
This update is available through iTunes and Software Update on your iOS device, and will not appear in your computer's Software Update application, or in the Apple Downloads site. Make sure you have an Internet connection and have installed the latest version of iTunes from https://www.apple.com/itunes/
iTunes and Software Update on the device will automatically check Apple's update server on its weekly schedule. When an update is detected, it is downloaded and the option to be installed is presented to the user when the iOS device is docked. We recommend applying the update immediately if possible. Selecting Don't Install will present the option the next time you connect your iOS device.
The automatic update process may take up to a week depending on the day that iTunes or the device checks for updates. You may manually obtain the update via the Check for Updates button within iTunes, or the Software Update on your device.
To check that the iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad has been updated:
- Navigate to Settings
- Select General
- Select About. The version after applying this update will be "11.2".
Software Description: - linux-firmware: Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that the firmware for several Intel WLAN devices incorrectly handled WPA2 in relation to Wake on WLAN.
- CVE-2017-13080
CVE Revision Information:
CVE-2017-13080
- Title: CVE-2017-13080 | Windows Wireless WPA Group Key Reinstallation Vulnerability
- https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-us/security-guidance
- Reason for Revision: CVE-2017-13080 has been added to the October 2017 security release in lieu of ADV170016, which has been deprecated. CVE-2017-13080 was released as part of a multi-vendor coordinated disclosure. Please see the FAQ for more information.
- Originally posted: October 16, 2017
- Updated: N/A
- CVE Severity Rating: Important
- Version: 1.0
Other Information
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wsFVAwUBWeTb2vsCXwi14Wq8AQimsw//UE92KMajVPARF4zMmfyQnbypCJhwOhsG n7uhJwIF8STYnUDQPfjDPGzmJSDIiQTg3PeewAzg+Ib3GZCsPdUQHMEl/DfGLFWy k814Bh158GDGvWIwDYkIgn1cRrdFP63gVg13ImvgCA2i8KOg9gy1LcnJ1tkIuHAJ bv22fe3zT9PgfLArRpm/nb3qMRnx/VRkTeS80y/RW2a2tkPSzyqLBRgZEP7t+RxJ M4G7cFRS0xpLrPE7PYn8f+tdjA04dWPO77eLOG+gDSpK5mFc8ccdjW2VoKJlRT0I i2HESEZipsuVDd4X3lkl5BigtxdKFTNDIFhE/m3pybDTbjClhjSHF+SR7T8yCOO8 fiXm1Nt0201321dhlNrtxGFV5+Q1lixO0+X7XDGCiZFTECs18vpGrDNZGQGqJ7Hj gmdSCNnfW7tashCXAIUtvoHTzK6v0hLh4ufelvdNgw8+qLUB6Z9RmrHzCHRm/i2p IuCtzp4GlPE0cBz3kUPmS0VYrYddEPS/n/vffeQpfAbbFENclTrEwTTxEYkP/vC0 qh2DNFCKnpvs8EUz/dtAdBuDaF3zuENMf/LJJf1EKOnp06b0JsRYDplKKgICgxrF kpFoAwAE14+KYcEUQhP6/jvDJXmWfMRk60Bsbs0qsfTAsFL7O9z0NrjI5xZEjF3j OYE0vOnWj3g= =2086 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- . ========================================================================== Kernel Live Patch Security Notice LSN-0036-1 April 2, 2018
linux vulnerability
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu:
| Series | Base kernel | Arch | flavors | |------------------+--------------+----------+------------------| | Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | generic | | Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | lowlatency | | Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | generic | | Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | lowlatency |
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in the kernel. (CVE-2017-13080)
Jann Horn discovered that the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) implementation in the Linux kernel improperly performed sign extension in some situations. A local attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-16995)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your livepatches to the following versions:
| Kernel | Version | flavors | |-----------------+----------+--------------------------| | 4.4.0-116.140 | 33.2 | generic, lowlatency | | lts-4.4.0-116.140_14.04.1-lts-xenial | 14.04.1 | generic, lowlatency |
Additionally, you should install an updated kernel with these fixes and reboot at your convienience.
References: CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-16995
-- ubuntu-security-announce mailing list ubuntu-security-announce@lists.ubuntu.com Modify settings or unsubscribe at: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-security-announce .
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. CVE-2017-13804: @qwertyoruiopz at KJC Research Intl. S.R.L. CVE-2017-13785: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13784: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13783: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13788: xisigr of Tencent's Xuanwu Lab (tencent.com) CVE-2017-13798: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13795: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13802: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13792: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13794: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13791: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13796: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero CVE-2017-13793: Hanul Choi working with Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative CVE-2017-13803: chenqin (ee|) of Ant-financial Light-Year Security
Wi-Fi Available for: Apple TV 4K Impact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA clients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK) Description: A logic issue existed in the handling of state transitions
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Group Temporal Key (GTK) during the group key handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The GTK group key reloading vulnerability exists in the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. \n\n2. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. \n\n4. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. \n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: GnuPG v1\n\niD8DBQFZ5nilXlSAg2UNWIIRAu7RAJwO3CwWfh61xybvjdxlG0Iqd17JpwCcD5FK\n5vz/c6aXRYIJEjVFKVqkVU0=\n=rSjV\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\n--\nRHSA-announce mailing list\nRHSA-announce@redhat.com\nhttps://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rhsa-announce\n. \nCVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nInstallation note:\n\nFirmware version 7.6.9 is installed on AirPort Express, AirPort\nExtreme, or AirPort Time Capsule base stations with 802.11n using\nAirPort Utility for Mac or iOS. \n\nAirPort Utility for Mac is a free download from\nhttps://support.apple.com/downloads/ and AirPort Utility for iOS\nis a free download from the App Store. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\nAPPLE-SA-2017-12-13-6 Additional information for\nAPPLE-SA-2017-12-6-2 iOS 11.2\n\niOS 11.2 addresses the following:\n\nIOKit\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nsystem privileges\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed through\nimproved state management. \nCVE-2017-13847: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero\n\nIOMobileFrameBuffer\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privilege\nDescription: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-13879: Apple\n\nIOSurface\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-13861: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-13862: Apple\nCVE-2017-13876: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13867: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to read restricted memory\nDescription: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds\nchecking. \nCVE-2017-13833: Brandon Azad\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to read restricted memory\nDescription: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved\nmemory handling. \nCVE-2017-13855: Jann Horn of Google Project Zero\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An application may be able to read restricted memory\nDescription: A validation issue was addressed with improved input\nsanitization. \nCVE-2017-13865: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13868: Brandon Azad\nCVE-2017-13869: Jann Horn of Google Project Zero\n\nMail\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: Incorrect certificate is used for encryption\nDescription: A S/MIME issue existed in the handling of encrypted\nemail. This issue was addressed through improved selection of the\nencryption certificate. \nCVE-2017-13874: an anonymous researcher\n\nMail Drafts\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: An attacker with a privileged network position may be able to\nintercept mail\nDescription: An encryption issue existed with S/MIME credetials. The\nissue was addressed with additional checks and user control. \nCVE-2017-13860: Michael Weishaar of INNEO Solutions GmbH\n\nMail Message Framework\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing\nDescription: An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with\nimproved state management. \nCVE-2017-2433: an anonymous researcher, an anonymous researcher, an\nanonymous researcher\n\nWebKit\nAvailable for: iPhone 5s and later, iPad Air and later, and iPod\ntouch 6th generation\nImpact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to\narbitrary code execution\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with\nimproved memory handling. \nCVE-2017-7156: an anonymous researcher\nCVE-2017-7157: an anonymous researcher\nCVE-2017-13856: Jeonghoon Shin\nCVE-2017-13870: an anonymous researcher\nCVE-2017-13866: an anonymous researcher\nEntry added December 13, 2017\n\nWi-Fi\nAvailable for: iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus,\niPhone SE, iPhone 5s, 12.9-inch iPad Pro 1st generation, iPad Air 2,\niPad Air, iPad 5th generation, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 2,\nand iPod touch 6th generation\nReleased for iPhone 7 and later and iPad Pro 9.7-inch (early 2016)\nand later in iOS 11.1. This was addressed with improved state management. \nCVE-2017-13080: Mathy Vanhoef of the imec-DistriNet group at KU\nLeuven\n\nInstallation note:\n\nThis update is available through iTunes and Software Update on your\niOS device, and will not appear in your computer\u0027s Software Update\napplication, or in the Apple Downloads site. Make sure you have an\nInternet connection and have installed the latest version of iTunes\nfrom https://www.apple.com/itunes/\n\niTunes and Software Update on the device will automatically check\nApple\u0027s update server on its weekly schedule. When an update is\ndetected, it is downloaded and the option to be installed is\npresented to the user when the iOS device is docked. We recommend\napplying the update immediately if possible. Selecting Don\u0027t Install\nwill present the option the next time you connect your iOS device. \n\nThe automatic update process may take up to a week depending on the\nday that iTunes or the device checks for updates. You may manually\nobtain the update via the Check for Updates button within iTunes, or\nthe Software Update on your device. \n\nTo check that the iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad has been updated:\n\n* Navigate to Settings\n* Select General\n* Select About. The version after applying this update\nwill be \"11.2\". \n\nSoftware Description:\n- linux-firmware: Firmware for Linux kernel drivers\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that the firmware for several Intel WLAN\ndevices incorrectly handled WPA2 in relation to Wake on WLAN. \n\n* CVE-2017-13080\n\n\nCVE Revision Information:\n=====================\n\nCVE-2017-13080\n\n - Title: CVE-2017-13080 | Windows Wireless WPA Group Key \n Reinstallation Vulnerability\n - https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-us/security-guidance\n - Reason for Revision: CVE-2017-13080 has been added to the October \n 2017 security release in lieu of ADV170016, which has been \n deprecated. CVE-2017-13080 was released as part of a multi-vendor \n coordinated disclosure. Please see the FAQ for more information. \n - Originally posted: October 16, 2017\n - Updated: N/A \n - CVE Severity Rating: Important\n - Version: 1.0\n\n\nOther Information\n=================\n\nRecognize and avoid fraudulent email to Microsoft customers:\n=============================================================\nIf you receive an email message that claims to be distributing \na Microsoft security update, it is a hoax that may contain \nmalware or pointers to malicious websites. Microsoft does \nnot distribute security updates via email. \n\nThe Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) uses PGP to digitally \nsign all security notifications. However, PGP is not required for \nreading security notifications, reading security bulletins, or \ninstalling security updates. You can obtain the MSRC public PGP key\nat . \n\n********************************************************************\nTHE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MICROSOFT COMMUNICATION IS\nPROVIDED \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT\nDISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING\nTHE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\nPURPOSE. \nIN NO EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE\nLIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT,\nINCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL\nDAMAGES, EVEN IF MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN\nADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. \nSOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY\nFOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE FOREGOING\nLIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY. \n********************************************************************\n\nMicrosoft respects your privacy. Please read our online Privacy\nStatement at . \n\nIf you would prefer not to receive future technical security\nnotification alerts by email from Microsoft and its family of\ncompanies please visit the following website to unsubscribe:\n. \n\nThese settings will not affect any newsletters youave requested or\nany mandatory service communications that are considered part of\ncertain Microsoft services. \n\nFor legal Information, see:\n. \n\nThis newsletter was sent by:\nMicrosoft Corporation\n1 Microsoft Way\nRedmond, Washington, USA\n98052\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP Desktop 10.2.0 (Build 1950) - not licensed for commercial use: www.pgp.com\nCharset: utf-8\n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\nOYE0vOnWj3g=\n=2086\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. ==========================================================================\nKernel Live Patch Security Notice LSN-0036-1\nApril 2, 2018\n\nlinux vulnerability\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu:\n\n| Series | Base kernel | Arch | flavors |\n|------------------+--------------+----------+------------------|\n| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | generic |\n| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | lowlatency |\n| Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | generic |\n| Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 4.4.0 | amd64 | lowlatency |\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in the kernel. (CVE-2017-13080)\n\nJann Horn discovered that the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) implementation\nin the Linux kernel improperly performed sign extension in some situations. \nA local attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash)\nor possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-16995)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your livepatches to the following\nversions:\n\n| Kernel | Version | flavors |\n|-----------------+----------+--------------------------|\n| 4.4.0-116.140 | 33.2 | generic, lowlatency |\n| lts-4.4.0-116.140_14.04.1-lts-xenial | 14.04.1 | generic, lowlatency |\n\nAdditionally, you should install an updated kernel with these fixes and\nreboot at your convienience. \n\nReferences:\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-16995\n\n-- \nubuntu-security-announce mailing list\nubuntu-security-announce@lists.ubuntu.com\nModify settings or unsubscribe at: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-security-announce\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. \nCVE-2017-13804: @qwertyoruiopz at KJC Research Intl. S.R.L. \nCVE-2017-13785: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13784: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13783: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13788: xisigr of Tencent\u0027s Xuanwu Lab (tencent.com)\nCVE-2017-13798: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13795: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13802: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13792: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13794: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13791: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13796: Ivan Fratric of Google Project Zero\nCVE-2017-13793: Hanul Choi working with Trend Micro\u0027s Zero Day\nInitiative\nCVE-2017-13803: chenqin (ee|) of Ant-financial Light-Year Security\n\nWi-Fi\nAvailable for: Apple TV 4K\nImpact: An attacker in Wi-Fi range may force nonce reuse in WPA\nclients (Key Reinstallation Attacks - KRACK)\nDescription: A logic issue existed in the handling of state\ntransitions",
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VAR-201008-0270
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-12-22 21:19The WDB target agent debug service in Wind River VxWorks 6.x, 5.x, and earlier, as used on the Rockwell Automation 1756-ENBT series A with firmware 3.2.6 and 3.6.1 and other products, allows remote attackers to read or modify arbitrary memory locations, perform function calls, or manage tasks via requests to UDP port 17185, a related issue to CVE-2005-3804. Some products based on VxWorks have the WDB target agent debug service enabled by default. This service provides read/write access to the device's memory and allows functions to be called. The VxWorks WDB target agent is a target-resident, run-time facility that is required for connecting host tools to a VxWorks target system during development. WDB is a selectable component in the VxWorks configuration and is enabled by default. The WDB debug agent access is not secured and does provide a security hole in a deployed system. It is advisable for production systems to reconfigure VxWorks with only those components needed for deployed operation and to build it as the appropriate type of system image. It is recommended to remove host development components such as the WDB target agent and debugging components (INCLUDE_WDB and INCLUDE_DEBUG) as well as other operating system components that are not required to support customer applications. Consult the VxWorks Kernel Programmer's guide for more information on WDB.Additional information can be found in ICS-CERT advisory ICSA-10-214-01 and on the Metasploit Blog. An attacker can use the debug service to fully compromise the device. The hashing algorithm that is used in the standard authentication API for VxWorks is susceptible to collisions. An attacker can brute force a password by guessing a string that produces the same hash as a legitimate password. It is relatively easy to find a string that has the same hash value as a regular password.Authentication by attacker API (loginLib) May be used to access services using. The problem is CVE-2005-3804 May be related toBy a third party UDP An arbitrary memory area may be read or modified, a function call executed, or a task managed through a request to the port. VxWorks is an embedded real-time operating system. VxWorks has multiple security vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to bypass security restrictions and gain unauthorized access to the system. For example, when logging in with the default 'target/password', 'y{{{{{SS' will HASH out the same result as 'password'. So you can use 'password' and 'y{{{{{SS' as the password to log in. Permissions and access control vulnerabilities exist in the WDB Target Agent Debugging Service in Wind River VxWorks 6.x, 5.x and earlier. VxWorks is prone to a remote security-bypass vulnerability. Successful exploits will allow remote attackers to perform debugging tasks on the vulnerable device. The issue affects multiple products from multiple vendors that ship with the VxWorks operating system. NOTE: This issue was previously covered in BID 42114 (VxWorks Multiple Security Vulnerabilities) but has been separated into its own record to better document it. R7-0035: VxWorks Authentication Library Weak Password Hashing August 2, 2010
-- Vulnerability Details: This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass the authentication process for the Telnet and FTP services of the VxWorks operating system. This flaw occurs due to an insecure password hashing implementation in the authentication library (loginLib) of the VxWorks operating system. Regardless of what password is set for a particular account, there are a only small number (~210k) of possible hash outputs. Typical passwords consisting of alphanumeric characters and symbols fall within an even smaller range of hash outputs (~8k), making this trivial to brute force over the network. To excaberate matters, loginLib has no support for account lockouts and the FTP daemon does not disconnect clients that consistently fail to authenticate. This reduces the brute force time for the FTP service to approximately 30 minutes.
To demonstrate the hash weakness, the password of "insecure" hashes to the value "Ry99dzRcy9". The hashing algorithm itself is based on an additive sum with a small XOR operation. The resulting sums are then transformed to a printable string, but the range of possible intermediate values is limited and mostly sequential. The entire collision table has been precomputed and will be released in early September as an input file for common brute force tools. More information about the hashing algorithm itself is available at the Metasploit blog post below:
http://blog.metasploit.com/2010/08/vxworks-vulnerabilities.html
There are three requirements for this vulnerability to be exploited:
-
The device must be running at least one service that uses loginLib for authentication. Telnet and FTP do so by default.
-
A valid username must be known to the attacker. This is usually easy to determine through product manuals or a cursory review of the firmware binaries.
A typical VxWorks device will meet all three requirements by default, but customization by the device manufacturer may preclude this from being exploited. In general, if the device displays a VxWorks banner for Telnet or FTP, it is more than likely vulnerable.
-- Vendor Response: Wind River Systems has notified their customers of the issue and suggested that each downstream vendor replace the existing hash implementation with SHA512 or SHA256. The exact extent of the vulnerability and the complete list of affected devices is not known at this time. Example code from Wind River Systems has been supplied to CERT and is included in the advisory below:
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/840249
-- Disclosure Timeline: 2009-06-02 - Vulnerability reported to CERT for vendor notification 2009-08-02 - Coordinated public release of advisory
-- Credit: This vulnerability was discovered by HD Moore
-- About Rapid7 Security Rapid7 provides vulnerability management, compliance and penetration testing solutions for Web application, network and database security. In addition to developing the NeXpose Vulnerability Management system, Rapid7 manages the Metasploit Project and is the primary sponsor of the W3AF web assessment tool.
Our vulnerability disclosure policy is available online at:
http://www.rapid7.com/disclosure.jsp
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"data": "The WDB target agent debug service in Wind River VxWorks 6.x, 5.x, and earlier, as used on the Rockwell Automation 1756-ENBT series A with firmware 3.2.6 and 3.6.1 and other products, allows remote attackers to read or modify arbitrary memory locations, perform function calls, or manage tasks via requests to UDP port 17185, a related issue to CVE-2005-3804. Some products based on VxWorks have the WDB target agent debug service enabled by default. This service provides read/write access to the device\u0027s memory and allows functions to be called. The VxWorks WDB target agent is a target-resident, run-time facility that is required for connecting host tools to a VxWorks target system during development. WDB is a selectable component in the VxWorks configuration and is enabled by default. The WDB debug agent access is not secured and does provide a security hole in a deployed system. It is advisable for production systems to reconfigure VxWorks with only those components needed for deployed operation and to build it as the appropriate type of system image. It is recommended to remove host development components such as the WDB target agent and debugging components (INCLUDE_WDB and INCLUDE_DEBUG) as well as other operating system components that are not required to support customer applications. Consult the VxWorks Kernel Programmer\u0027s guide for more information on WDB.Additional information can be found in ICS-CERT advisory ICSA-10-214-01 and on the Metasploit Blog. An attacker can use the debug service to fully compromise the device. The hashing algorithm that is used in the standard authentication API for VxWorks is susceptible to collisions. An attacker can brute force a password by guessing a string that produces the same hash as a legitimate password. It is relatively easy to find a string that has the same hash value as a regular password.Authentication by attacker API (loginLib) May be used to access services using. The problem is CVE-2005-3804 May be related toBy a third party UDP An arbitrary memory area may be read or modified, a function call executed, or a task managed through a request to the port. VxWorks is an embedded real-time operating system. VxWorks has multiple security vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to bypass security restrictions and gain unauthorized access to the system. For example, when logging in with the default \u0027target/password\u0027, \u0027y{{{{{SS\u0027 will HASH out the same result as \u0027password\u0027. So you can use \u0027password\u0027 and \u0027y{{{{{SS\u0027 as the password to log in. Permissions and access control vulnerabilities exist in the WDB Target Agent Debugging Service in Wind River VxWorks 6.x, 5.x and earlier. VxWorks is prone to a remote security-bypass vulnerability. \nSuccessful exploits will allow remote attackers to perform debugging tasks on the vulnerable device. \nThe issue affects multiple products from multiple vendors that ship with the VxWorks operating system. \nNOTE: This issue was previously covered in BID 42114 (VxWorks Multiple Security Vulnerabilities) but has been separated into its own record to better document it. R7-0035: VxWorks Authentication Library Weak Password Hashing\nAugust 2, 2010\n\n-- Vulnerability Details:\nThis vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass the authentication\nprocess for the Telnet and FTP services of the VxWorks operating system. \nThis flaw occurs due to an insecure password hashing implementation in\nthe authentication library (loginLib) of the VxWorks operating system. \nRegardless of what password is set for a particular account, there are a\nonly small number (~210k) of possible hash outputs. Typical passwords\nconsisting of alphanumeric characters and symbols fall within an even\nsmaller range of hash outputs (~8k), making this trivial to brute force\nover the network. To excaberate matters, loginLib has no support for\naccount lockouts and the FTP daemon does not disconnect clients that\nconsistently fail to authenticate. This reduces the brute force time for\nthe FTP service to approximately 30 minutes. \n\nTo demonstrate the hash weakness, the password of \"insecure\" hashes to\nthe value \"Ry99dzRcy9\". The hashing algorithm itself is based on an additive sum\nwith a small XOR operation. The resulting sums are then transformed to a\nprintable string, but the range of possible intermediate values is\nlimited and mostly sequential. The entire collision table has been\nprecomputed and will be released in early September as an input file for\ncommon brute force tools. More information about the hashing algorithm\nitself is available at the Metasploit blog post below:\n\n http://blog.metasploit.com/2010/08/vxworks-vulnerabilities.html\n\nThere are three requirements for this vulnerability to be exploited:\n\n * The device must be running at least one service that uses loginLib\nfor authentication. Telnet and FTP do so by default. \n\n * A valid username must be known to the attacker. This is usually easy\nto determine through product manuals or a cursory review of the firmware\nbinaries. \n\nA typical VxWorks device will meet all three requirements by default,\nbut customization by the device manufacturer may preclude this from\nbeing exploited. In general, if the device displays a VxWorks banner for\nTelnet or FTP, it is more than likely vulnerable. \n\n-- Vendor Response:\nWind River Systems has notified their customers of the issue and\nsuggested that each downstream vendor replace the existing hash\nimplementation with SHA512 or SHA256. The exact extent of the\nvulnerability and the complete list of affected devices is not known at\nthis time. Example code from Wind River Systems has been supplied to\nCERT and is included in the advisory below:\n\n http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/840249\n\n-- Disclosure Timeline:\n2009-06-02 - Vulnerability reported to CERT for vendor notification\n2009-08-02 - Coordinated public release of advisory\n\n-- Credit:\nThis vulnerability was discovered by HD Moore\n\n-- About Rapid7 Security\nRapid7 provides vulnerability management, compliance and penetration\ntesting solutions for Web application, network and database security. In\naddition to developing the NeXpose Vulnerability Management system,\nRapid7 manages the Metasploit Project and is the primary sponsor of the\nW3AF web assessment tool. \n\nOur vulnerability disclosure policy is available online at:\n\n http://www.rapid7.com/disclosure.jsp\n\n\n",
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VAR-202004-1234
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-11-18 15:33A vulnerability in the web server for Cisco IP Phones could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to a lack of proper input validation of HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web server of a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco IP Phones There is an input verification vulnerability in.Information is obtained, information is tampered with, and service operation is interrupted. (DoS) It may be put into a state. Cisco IP Phone 7811, etc. are all IP phones of the American company Cisco.
There are input validation error vulnerabilities in the Web servers of many Cisco products
Show details on source website{
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 23:16A vulnerability in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation of Cisco IP Phone 8851 11.0(0.1) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to an abnormal SIP message. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the CANCEL packet. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause a disruption of service to the phone. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc34795. Vendors have confirmed this vulnerability Bug ID CSCvc34795 It is released as.Remote attacker could disrupt service operation (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. The Cisco IP Phone8851 is a telephone product that provides video and VoIP communication capabilities from Cisco
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VAR-201710-0208
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 23:00Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11w allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) during the group key handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to spoof frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The IGTK group key reloading vulnerability exists in the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes.
References: https://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3455-1 CVE-2016-4476, CVE-2016-4477, CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
Package Information: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu9.1 https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu6.2 https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.1-0ubuntu1.5
.
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here: CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the 4-way handshake. CVE-2017-13078: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the 4-way handshake. CVE-2017-13080: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the group key handshake. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11w allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) during the group key handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to spoof frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The IGTK group key reloading vulnerability exists in the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. \n\nReferences:\n https://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3455-1\n CVE-2016-4476, CVE-2016-4477, CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078,\n CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nPackage Information:\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\n\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the\n list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here:\n CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the\n 4-way handshake. \n CVE-2017-13078: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the 4-way handshake. \n CVE-2017-13080: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the group key\n handshake. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. \n CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS)\n PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-201710-0212
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 22:05Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11w allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to spoof frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). There is an IGTK group key reloading vulnerability in the fourth handshake of the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes.
References: https://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3455-1 CVE-2016-4476, CVE-2016-4477, CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
Package Information: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu9.1 https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu6.2 https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.1-0ubuntu1.5
. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03
https://security.gentoo.org/
Severity: Normal Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK) attacks Date: November 10, 2017 Bugs: #634436, #634438 ID: 201711-03
Synopsis
A flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and wpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle attack.
Background
wpa_supplicant is a WPA Supplicant with support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN).
Affected packages
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 net-wireless/hostapd < 2.6-r1 >= 2.6-r1 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant < 2.6-r3 >= 2.6-r3 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 affected packages
Description
WiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it's associated technologies are all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details.
Impact
An attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in order to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker can potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS), inject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks.
Workaround
There is no known workaround at this time.
Resolution
All hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1"
All wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot -v ">=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3"
References
[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077 [ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078 [ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079 https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079 [ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080 .
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here: CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the 4-way handshake. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11w allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) during the four-way handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to spoof frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). There is an IGTK group key reloading vulnerability in the fourth handshake of the WPA2 wireless network. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. \n\nReferences:\n https://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3455-1\n CVE-2016-4476, CVE-2016-4477, CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078,\n CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nPackage Information:\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wpa/2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\n\n. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nGentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201711-03\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n https://security.gentoo.org/\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\n Severity: Normal\n Title: hostapd and wpa_supplicant: Key Reinstallation (KRACK)\n attacks\n Date: November 10, 2017\n Bugs: #634436, #634438\n ID: 201711-03\n\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n\nSynopsis\n========\n\nA flaw was discovered in the 4-way handshake in hostapd and\nwpa_supplicant that allows attackers to conduct a Man in the Middle\nattack. \n\nBackground\n==========\n\nwpa_supplicant is a WPA Supplicant with support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE\n802.11i / RSN). \n\nAffected packages\n=================\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected\n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 1 net-wireless/hostapd \u003c 2.6-r1 \u003e= 2.6-r1 \n 2 net-wireless/wpa_supplicant\n \u003c 2.6-r3 \u003e= 2.6-r3 \n -------------------------------------------------------------------\n 2 affected packages\n\nDescription\n===========\n\nWiFi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) and it\u0027s associated technologies\nare all vulnerable to the KRACK attacks. Please review the referenced\nCVE identifiers for details. \n\nImpact\n======\n\nAn attacker can carry out the KRACK attacks on a wireless network in\norder to gain access to network clients. Once achieved, the attacker\ncan potentially harvest confidential information (e.g. HTTP/HTTPS),\ninject malware, or perform a myriad of other attacks. \n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nThere is no known workaround at this time. \n\nResolution\n==========\n\nAll hostapd users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \"\u003e=net-wireless/hostapd-2.6-r1\"\n\nAll wpa_supplicant users should upgrade to the latest version:\n\n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot -v \"\u003e=net-wireless/wpa_supplicant-2.6-r3\"\n\nReferences\n==========\n\n[ 1 ] CVE-2017-13077\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13077\n[ 2 ] CVE-2017-13078\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13078\n[ 3 ] CVE-2017-13079\n https://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2017-13079\n[ 4 ] CVE-2017-13080\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the\n list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here:\n CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the\n 4-way handshake. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. \n CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS)\n PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\niQKTBAEBCgB9FiEEHPf/b631yp++G4yy7Wfs1l3PaucFAlnoGpNfFIAAAAAALgAo\naXNzdWVyLWZwckBub3RhdGlvbnMub3BlbnBncC5maWZ0aGhvcnNlbWFuLm5ldDFD\nRjdGRjZGQURGNUNBOUZCRTFCOENCMkVENjdFQ0Q2NURDRjZBRTcACgkQ7Wfs1l3P\nauc7WBAAm27w+fujv5sJsRxauUMopTVtRh5utwbDuoHTP+L+RCWmQfVBmueNQ0gf\nuJzMNxBIkbtY9LvyukpRsH3iD7mh26c0pd9rxxkkr4F96C9B5+W0amxJF1gdm54/\nF/50FpY+lo7cNs5tiBjypPrg8UOBBI/1G4XR7130XC0HjaTwt1ngZ0oQUWUMSsIp\ngN5ZfPul81WPWd1NqF+vyObcJhwq/Y1uoexoO27o7GQCFZoL3enZy8c4f1xqMlVM\n4HHkTgNGac6E0aW+ArH4J0DFFAOJXPqF8rdt+9XINfoBbtliIyOixJ4oh1n6eAR0\nVpBWZKFNyXSlUKIvDGa+LDhxgL1jJXV0ABSyKlUOijdmr3bbbiQE9MW/MNv2AFTd\nOAFQ0QQtm9KCWp5JLh+FPIb/kR2l7MOUP+yz4zFcJpdGtl9tDLyPN8vRTq60bY8O\ny7tBcf/SMqkd/AIFdchL4zrOguKnRARydIlwTarp8wtAQI3MKSsa1B0wgsDtlL6K\nxfdjnwWMKvKKlNOW16e1WXXO0n/ucHV4njBE+bGPro3jLgXP2/WFZpIGAR3I4xrr\nSdD4AxSNiR9f3bL7LRfMIbugJAylWNSlTLWUOVUv0/ONh85LqbcCj13NI230B64K\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-201710-0209
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 20:43Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11r allows reinstallation of the Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) Temporal Key (TK) during the fast BSS transmission (FT) handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, more commonly WPA2) handshake traffic can be manipulated to induce nonce and session key reuse, resulting in key reinstallation by a wireless access point (AP) or client. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The PTK-TK encryption key reloading vulnerability exists when the WPA2 wireless network receives and processes the retransmitted fast BSS transition reassociation request. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):
1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake 1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake 1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake 1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it 1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake 1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame 1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that supports IEEE 802.11r allows reinstallation of the Pairwise Transient Key (PTK) Temporal Key (TK) during the fast BSS transmission (FT) handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, more commonly WPA2) handshake traffic can be manipulated to induce nonce and session key reuse, resulting in key reinstallation by a wireless access point (AP) or client. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The PTK-TK encryption key reloading vulnerability exists when the WPA2 wireless network receives and processes the retransmitted fast BSS transition reassociation request. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):\n\n1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake\n1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake\n1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake\n1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it\n1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake\n1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n\n6. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. 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VAR-201710-0213
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 20:33Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Station-To-Station-Link (STSL) Transient Key (STK) during the PeerKey handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a group key reload vulnerability in the PeerKey handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
[slackware-security] wpa_supplicant (SSA:2017-291-02)
New wpa_supplicant packages are available for Slackware 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, and -current to fix security issues.
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here: CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the 4-way handshake. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Station-To-Station-Link (STSL) Transient Key (STK) during the PeerKey handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network has a group key reload vulnerability in the PeerKey handshake. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. \n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n[slackware-security] wpa_supplicant (SSA:2017-291-02)\n\nNew wpa_supplicant packages are available for Slackware 14.0, 14.1, 14.2,\nand -current to fix security issues. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. This is the\n list of vulnerabilities that are addressed here:\n CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the\n 4-way handshake. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake. \n CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS)\n PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\niEYEARECAAYFAlnnrOgACgkQakRjwEAQIjPgvQCfRcXlhuFjrDNPbEUeZrYLxnkW\nb+4An0l5cZOdtohI7Fq0NbryWajCOnM2\n=5HQM\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 20:05Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) Peer Key (TPK) during the TDLS handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network re-installs the tunnel in the TDLS handshake. The TPK key vulnerability exists when the PeerKey is set up directly. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):
1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake 1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake 1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake 1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it 1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake 1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame 1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
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Show details on source website{
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) allows reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) Peer Key (TPK) during the TDLS handshake, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay, decrypt, or spoof frames. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WPA2 wireless network re-installs the tunnel in the TDLS handshake. The TPK key vulnerability exists when the PeerKey is set up directly. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/):\n\n1491692 - CVE-2017-13077 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the pairwise key in the 4-way handshake\n1491693 - CVE-2017-13078 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the 4-way handshake\n1491696 - CVE-2017-13080 wpa_supplicant: Reinstallation of the group key in the group key handshake\n1491698 - CVE-2017-13082 wpa_supplicant: Accepting a retransmitted FT Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise key while processing it\n1500302 - CVE-2017-13086 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake\n1500303 - CVE-2017-13087 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n1500304 - CVE-2017-13088 wpa_supplicant: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame\n\n6. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. 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VAR-201710-0975
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-20 19:33Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that support 802.11v allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or "KRACK" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WIG2 wireless network sleep mode has an IGTK key complete reload vulnerability. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. Exploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory
Synopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update Advisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907 Issue date: 2017-10-17 CVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 CVE-2017-13088 =====================================================================
- Summary:
An update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64
- Description:
The wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for WEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication methods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client stations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and association of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range could exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject forged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the WPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Red Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream acknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter of these issues. Solution:
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:
https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
- Package List:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
aarch64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm
ppc64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm
ppc64le: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm
s390x: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):
Source: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm
x86_64: wpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm wpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/
- References:
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks
- Contact:
The Red Hat security contact is secalert@redhat.com. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/
Copyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point (implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant).
An attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to reuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks against the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2.
For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1+deb9u1.
For the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in version 2:2.4-1.1.
We recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ========================================================================== Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1 October 16, 2017
wpa vulnerabilities
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Summary:
Several security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant.
Software Description: - wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2
Details:
Mathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)
Imre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled invalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4477)
Update instructions:
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
Ubuntu 17.04: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2 wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5 wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5
After a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make all the necessary changes.
Here are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog: +--------------------------+ patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known as "KRACK" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data, hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it. For more information, see: https://www.krackattacks.com/ https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088 ( Security fix ) +--------------------------+
Where to find the new packages: +-----------------------------+
Thanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab (http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting to the Slackware project! :-)
Also see the "Get Slack" section on http://slackware.com for additional mirror sites near you.
Updated package for Slackware 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Updated package for Slackware 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Updated package for Slackware -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Updated package for Slackware x86_64 -current: ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
MD5 signatures: +-------------+
Slackware 14.0 package: d8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.0 package: f25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz
Slackware 14.1 package: 15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.1 package: 49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz
Slackware 14.2 package: c5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware x86_64 14.2 package: 4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz
Slackware -current package: 28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz
Slackware x86_64 -current package: 464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz
Installation instructions: +------------------------+
Upgrade the package as root:
upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz
+-----+
Slackware Linux Security Team http://slackware.com/gpg-key security@slackware.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To leave the slackware-security mailing list: | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of | | the email message: | | | | unsubscribe slackware-security | | | | You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to | | complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512
============================================================================= FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory The FreeBSD Project
Topic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability
Category: contrib Module: wpa Announced: 2017-10-16 Credits: Mathy Vanhoef Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. Corrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE) 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2) 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13) 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE) 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1) 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22) CVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088
For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the following sections, please visit .
- Revision history
v1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. v1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases.
I.
hostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for access points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol.
II. Problem Description
A vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be triggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by replaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys.
III. Impact
Such reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different types of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly reducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to be decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker depending on which cipher is used.
IV. Workaround
An updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the security/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
wpa_supplicant_program="/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant"
and restart networking.
An updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:
hostapd_program="/usr/local/sbin/hostapd"
and restart hostapd.
V. Solution
Perform one of the following:
1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64 platforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
freebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
Restart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system.
3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable FreeBSD release branches.
a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc
[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch
fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc
gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc
b) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:
cd /usr/src
patch < /path/to/patch
c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as described in .
Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system.
VI. Correction details
The following list contains the correction revision numbers for each affected branch.
Branch/path Revision
stable/11/ r324697 releng/11.0/ r324698 releng/11.1/ r324699 stable/10/ r324739 releng/10.3/ r324740 releng/10.4/ r324741
To see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the following command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a machine with Subversion installed:
svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base
Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:
VII. References
The latest revision of this advisory is available at -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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"data": "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) that support 802.11v allows reinstallation of the Integrity Group Temporal Key (IGTK) when processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame, allowing an attacker within radio range to replay frames from access points to clients. An attacker within range of an affected AP and client may leverage these vulnerabilities to conduct attacks that are dependent on the data confidentiality protocols being used. Attacks may include arbitrary packet decryption and injection, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, or the replay of unicast and group-addressed frames. These vulnerabilities are referred to as Key Reinstallation Attacks or \"KRACK\" attacks. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a system that protects wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). The WIG2 wireless network sleep mode has an IGTK key complete reload vulnerability. WPA2 is prone to multiple security weaknesses. \nExploiting these issues may allow an unauthorized user to intercept and manipulate data or disclose sensitive information. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\n=====================================================================\n Red Hat Security Advisory\n\nSynopsis: Important: wpa_supplicant security update\nAdvisory ID: RHSA-2017:2907-01\nProduct: Red Hat Enterprise Linux\nAdvisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2907\nIssue date: 2017-10-17\nCVE Names: CVE-2017-13077 CVE-2017-13078 CVE-2017-13080 \n CVE-2017-13082 CVE-2017-13086 CVE-2017-13087 \n CVE-2017-13088 \n=====================================================================\n\n1. Summary:\n\nAn update for wpa_supplicant is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux\n7. \n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact\nof Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score,\nwhich gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability\nfrom the CVE link(s) in the References section. Relevant releases/architectures:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7) - x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) - aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) - x86_64\n\n3. Description:\n\nThe wpa_supplicant packages contain an 802.1X Supplicant with support for\nWEP, WPA, WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN), and various EAP authentication\nmethods. They implement key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator for client\nstations and controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication and\nassociation of the WLAN driver. A remote attacker within Wi-Fi range\ncould exploit these attacks to decrypt Wi-Fi traffic or possibly inject\nforged Wi-Fi packets by manipulating cryptographic handshakes used by the\nWPA2 protocol. (CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13080,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nRed Hat would like to thank CERT for reporting these issues. Upstream\nacknowledges Mathy Vanhoef (University of Leuven) as the original reporter\nof these issues. Solution:\n\nFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes\ndescribed in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\n5. Package List:\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\naarch64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.aarch64.rpm\n\nppc64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64.rpm\n\nppc64le:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.ppc64le.rpm\n\ns390x:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.s390x.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7):\n\nSource:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.src.rpm\n\nx86_64:\nwpa_supplicant-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\nwpa_supplicant-debuginfo-2.6-5.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm\n\nThese packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and\ndetails on how to verify the signature are available from\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/\n\n7. References:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13077\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13078\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13080\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13082\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13086\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13087\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-13088\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/kracks\n\n8. Contact:\n\nThe Red Hat security contact is \u003csecalert@redhat.com\u003e. More contact\ndetails at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/\n\nCopyright 2017 Red Hat, Inc. Those vulnerabilities applies to both the access point\n(implemented in hostapd) and the station (implemented in wpa_supplicant). \n\nAn attacker exploiting the vulnerabilities could force the vulnerable system to\nreuse cryptographic session keys, enabling a range of cryptographic attacks\nagainst the ciphers used in WPA1 and WPA2. \n\nFor the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1+deb9u1. \n\nFor the testing distribution (buster), these problems have been fixed\nin version 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nFor the unstable distribution (sid), these problems have been fixed in\nversion 2:2.4-1.1. \n\nWe recommend that you upgrade your wpa packages. ==========================================================================\nUbuntu Security Notice USN-3455-1\nOctober 16, 2017\n\nwpa vulnerabilities\n==========================================================================\n\nA security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:\n\n- Ubuntu 17.04\n- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\n- Ubuntu 14.04 LTS\n\nSummary:\n\nSeveral security issues were fixed in wpa_supplicant. \n\nSoftware Description:\n- wpa: client support for WPA and WPA2\n\nDetails:\n\nMathy Vanhoef discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly\nhandled WPA2. (CVE-2017-13077,\nCVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079, CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081,\nCVE-2017-13082, CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A remote attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2016-4476)\n\nImre Rad discovered that wpa_supplicant and hostapd incorrectly handled\ninvalid characters in passphrase parameters. A local attacker could use\nthis issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary\ncode. (CVE-2016-4477)\n\nUpdate instructions:\n\nThe problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following\npackage versions:\n\nUbuntu 17.04:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu9.1\n\nUbuntu 16.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n wpasupplicant 2.4-0ubuntu6.2\n\nUbuntu 14.04 LTS:\n hostapd 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n wpasupplicant 2.1-0ubuntu1.5\n\nAfter a standard system update you need to reboot your computer to make\nall the necessary changes. \n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n+--------------------------+\npatches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded. \n This update includes patches to mitigate the WPA2 protocol issues known\n as \"KRACK\" (Key Reinstallation AttaCK), which may be used to decrypt data,\n hijack TCP connections, and to forge and inject packets. \n CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT)\n Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK)\n while processing it. \n For more information, see:\n https://www.krackattacks.com/\n https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13077\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13078\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13079\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13080\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13081\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13082\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13084\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13086\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13087\n https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-13088\n (* Security fix *)\n+--------------------------+\n\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n+-----------------------------+\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you. \n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n+-------------+\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\nd8ecfaadb50b3547967ab53733ffc019 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\nf25216d28800504ce498705da7c9a825 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n15c61050e4bab2581757befd86be74c0 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\n49fd537a520338744f7757615556d352 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\nc5539f40c8510af89be92945f0f80185 wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n4c527ff84fcdfd7839f217bbce2e4ae4 wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n28bd88a54e96368f7a7020c1f5fb67fe n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\n464fc6b48d1ac077f47e9a3a8534c160 n/wpa_supplicant-2.6-x86_64-2.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n+------------------------+\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n# upgradepkg wpa_supplicant-2.6-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\n\n+-----+\n\nSlackware Linux Security Team\nhttp://slackware.com/gpg-key\nsecurity@slackware.com\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| To leave the slackware-security mailing list: |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Send an email to majordomo@slackware.com with this text in the body of |\n| the email message: |\n| |\n| unsubscribe slackware-security |\n| |\n| You will get a confirmation message back containing instructions to |\n| complete the process. Please do not reply to this email address. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA512\n\n=============================================================================\nFreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa Security Advisory\n The FreeBSD Project\n\nTopic: WPA2 protocol vulnerability\n\nCategory: contrib\nModule: wpa\nAnnounced: 2017-10-16\nCredits: Mathy Vanhoef\nAffects: All supported versions of FreeBSD. \nCorrected: 2017-10-17 17:30:18 UTC (stable/11, 11.1-STABLE)\n 2017-10-17 17:57:18 UTC (releng/11.1, 11.1-RELEASE-p2)\n 2017-10-17 17:56:03 UTC (releng/11.0, 11.0-RELEASE-p13)\n 2017-10-19 03:18:22 UTC (stable/10, 10.4-STABLE)\n 2017-10-19 03:20:17 UTC (releng/10.4, 10.4-RELEASE-p1)\n 2017-10-19 03:19:42 UTC (releng/10.3, 10.3-RELEASE-p22)\nCVE Name: CVE-2017-13077, CVE-2017-13078, CVE-2017-13079,\n CVE-2017-13080, CVE-2017-13081, CVE-2017-13082,\n CVE-2017-13086, CVE-2017-13087, CVE-2017-13088\n\nFor general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,\nincluding descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the\nfollowing sections, please visit \u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/\u003e. \n\n0. Revision history\n\nv1.0 2017-10-17 Initial release. \nv1.1 2017-10-19 Add patches for 10.x releases. \n\nI. \n\nhostapd and wpa_supplicant are implementations of user space daemon for\naccess points and wireless client that implements the WPA2 protocol. \n\nII. Problem Description\n\nA vulnerability was found in how a number of implementations can be\ntriggered to reconfigure WPA/WPA2/RSN keys (TK, GTK, or IGTK) by\nreplaying a specific frame that is used to manage the keys. \n\nIII. Impact\n\nSuch reinstallation of the encryption key can result in two different\ntypes of vulnerabilities: disabling replay protection and significantly\nreducing the security of encryption to the point of allowing frames to\nbe decrypted or some parts of the keys to be determined by an attacker\ndepending on which cipher is used. \n\nIV. Workaround\n\nAn updated version of wpa_supplicant is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_2 or later of the\nsecurity/wpa_supplicant port/pkg. Once installed, update /etc/rc.conf\nto use the new binary:\n\nwpa_supplicant_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/wpa_supplicant\"\n\nand restart networking. \n\nAn updated version of hostapd is available in the FreeBSD Ports\nCollection. Install version 2.6_1 or later of the net/hostapd port/pkg. \nOnce installed, update /etc/rc.conf to use the new binary:\n\nhostapd_program=\"/usr/local/sbin/hostapd\"\n\nand restart hostapd. \n\nV. Solution\n\nPerform one of the following:\n\n1) Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or\nrelease / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date. \n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n2) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:\n\nSystems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the i386 or amd64\nplatforms can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:\n\n# freebsd-update fetch\n# freebsd-update install\n\nRestart the Wi-Fi network interfaces/hostapd or reboot the system. \n\n3) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:\n\nThe following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable\nFreeBSD release branches. \n\na) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the\ndetached PGP signature using your PGP utility. \n\n[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, 11.1-RELEASE, and 11-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-11.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-11.patch.asc\n\n[FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE, 10.4-RELEASE, and 10-STABLE]\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch\n# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-17:07/wpa-10.patch.asc\n# gpg --verify wpa-10.patch.asc\n\nb) Apply the patch. Execute the following commands as root:\n\n# cd /usr/src\n# patch \u003c /path/to/patch\n\nc) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as\ndescribed in \u003cURL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html\u003e. \n\nRestart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. \n\nVI. Correction details\n\nThe following list contains the correction revision numbers for each\naffected branch. \n\nBranch/path Revision\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\nstable/11/ r324697\nreleng/11.0/ r324698\nreleng/11.1/ r324699\nstable/10/ r324739\nreleng/10.3/ r324740\nreleng/10.4/ r324741\n- -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo see which files were modified by a particular revision, run the\nfollowing command, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number, on a\nmachine with Subversion installed:\n\n# svn diff -cNNNNNN --summarize svn://svn.freebsd.org/base\n\nOr visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the revision number:\n\n\u003cURL:https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision\u0026revision=NNNNNN\u003e\n\nVII. References\n\n\u003cURL:https://w1.fi/security/2017-1/wpa-packet-number-reuse-with-replayed-messages.txt\u003e\n\u003cURL:https://www.krackattacks.com/\u003e\n\nThe latest revision of this advisory is available at\n\u003cURL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-17:07.wpa.asc\u003e\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n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\nETx2QOZgKnCs2oDNiw4aQHb7kvi2w94Iw/R1sAPkkxYJWO3reyE=\n=h/5q\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-13 23:41Cisco IP Phone 7861, when firmware from Cisco Unified Communications Manager 10.3(1) is used, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted packets, aka Bug ID CSCus81800. Vendors have confirmed this vulnerability Bug ID CSCus81800 It is released as.Denial of service operation via a packet crafted by a third party (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. The Cisco IP Phone 7861 is an IP phone that can communicate with wideband audio and video. Allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to exploit this vulnerability could cause the device to reboot, resulting in a denial of service. This issue is tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCus81800
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VAR-201608-0245
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-13 23:35Cisco IP Phone 8800 devices with software 11.0(1) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted HTTP request, aka Bug ID CSCuz03038. The Cisco IP8800 Series Phones are digital phone system products. This issue is tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCuz03038
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VAR-201608-0242
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-13 23:27Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on Cisco IP Phone 8800 devices with software 11.0 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted parameters, aka Bug ID CSCuz03024. An attacker may leverage this issue to execute arbitrary script code in the browser of an unsuspecting user in the context of the affected site. This can allow the attacker to steal cookie-based authentication credentials and launch other attacks. This issue is being tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCuz03024
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VAR-201411-0060
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-13 23:23Apache Cordova Android before 3.5.1 allows remote attackers to bypass the HTTP whitelist and connect to arbitrary servers by using JavaScript to open WebSocket connections through WebView. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. Supplementary information : CWE Vulnerability type by CWE-254: Security Features ( Security function ) Has been identified. Attackers can exploit this issue to bypass certain security restrictions to perform unauthorized actions. This may aid in further attacks. Apache Cordova for Android versions 3.5.0 and prior are vulnerable. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: PGP 6.5.8
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Security issues were discovered in the Android platform of Cordova. Other Cordova platforms such as iOS are unaffected, and do not have an update.
The security issues are CVE-2014-3500, CVE-2014-3501, and CVE-2014-3502.
For your convenience, the text of these CVEs is included here.
A blog post is available at http://cordova.apache.org/#news
CVE-2014-3500: Cordova cross-application scripting via Android intent URLs
Severity: High
Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
Versions Affected: Cordova Android versions up to 3.5.0
Description: Android applications built with the Cordova framework can be launched through a special intent URL. A specially-crafted URL could cause the Cordova-based application to start up with a different start page than the developer intended, including other HTML content stored on the Android device. This has been the case in all released versions of Cordova up to 3.5.0, and has been fixed in the latest release (3.5.1). We recommend affected projects update their applications to the latest release.
Upgrade path: Developers who are concerned about this should rebuild their applications with Cordova Android 3.5.1.
Credit: This issue was discovered by David Kaplan and Roee Hay of IBM Security Systems.
CVE-2014-3501: Cordova whitelist bypass for non-HTTP URLs
Severity: Medium
Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
Versions Affected: All released Cordova Android versions
Description: Android applications built with the Cordova framework use a WebView component to display content. Cordova applications can specify a whitelist of URLs which the application will be allowed to display, or to communicate with via XMLHttpRequest. This whitelist, however, is not used by the WebView component when it is directed via JavaScript to communicate over non-http channels.
It is possible to mitigate this attack vector by adding a CSP meta tag to all HTML pages in the application, to allow connections only to trusted sources. App developers should also upgrade to Cordova Android 3.5.1, to reduce the risk of XAS attacks against their applications, which could then use this mechanism to reach unintended servers. See CVE-2014-3500 for more information on a possible XAS vulnerability.
Upgrade path: Developers who are concerned about this should rebuild their applications with Cordova Android 3.5.1, and consider adding CSP meta tags to their application HTML.
Credit: This issue was discovered by David Kaplan and Roee Hay of IBM Security Systems.
CVE-2014-3502: Cordova apps can potentially leak data to other apps via Android intent URLs
Severity: Medium
Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
Versions Affected: Cordova Android versions up to 3.5.0
Description: Android applications built with the Cordova framework can launch other applications through the use of anchor tags, or by redirecting the webview to an Android intent URL. An attacker who can manipulate the HTML content of a Cordova application can create links which open other applications and send arbitrary data to those applications. An attacker who can run arbitrary JavaScript code within the context of the Cordova application can also set the document location to such a URL. By using this in concert with a second, vulnerable application, an attacker might be able to use this method to send data from the Cordova application to the network.
The latest release of Cordova Android takes steps to block explicit Android intent urls, so that they can no longer be used to start arbitrary applications on the device.
Upgrade path: Developers who are concerned about this should rebuild their applications with Cordova Android 3.5.1.
Credit: This issue was discovered by David Kaplan and Roee Hay of IBM Security Systems
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"data": "Apache Cordova Android before 3.5.1 allows remote attackers to bypass the HTTP whitelist and connect to arbitrary servers by using JavaScript to open WebSocket connections through WebView. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. Supplementary information : CWE Vulnerability type by CWE-254: Security Features ( Security function ) Has been identified. \nAttackers can exploit this issue to bypass certain security restrictions to perform unauthorized actions. This may aid in further attacks. \nApache Cordova for Android versions 3.5.0 and prior are vulnerable. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. Android Platform Release: 04 Aug 2014\n\nSecurity issues were discovered in the Android platform of Cordova. Other Cordova platforms such as iOS are unaffected, and do not have an update. \n\nThe security issues are CVE-2014-3500, CVE-2014-3501, and CVE-2014-3502. \n\nFor your convenience, the text of these CVEs is included here. \n\nA blog post is available at http://cordova.apache.org/#news\n\n\nCVE-2014-3500: Cordova cross-application scripting via Android intent URLs\n\n\nSeverity: High\n\nVendor:\nThe Apache Software Foundation\n\nVersions Affected:\nCordova Android versions up to 3.5.0\n\nDescription:\nAndroid applications built with the Cordova framework can be launched through\na special intent URL. A specially-crafted URL could cause the Cordova-based\napplication to start up with a different start page than the developer\nintended, including other HTML content stored on the Android device. This has\nbeen the case in all released versions of Cordova up to 3.5.0, and has been\nfixed in the latest release (3.5.1). We recommend affected projects update\ntheir applications to the latest release. \n\nUpgrade path:\nDevelopers who are concerned about this should rebuild their applications with\nCordova Android 3.5.1. \n\nCredit:\nThis issue was discovered by David Kaplan and Roee Hay of IBM Security Systems. \n\n\nCVE-2014-3501: Cordova whitelist bypass for non-HTTP URLs\n\n\nSeverity: Medium\n\nVendor:\nThe Apache Software Foundation\n\nVersions Affected:\nAll released Cordova Android versions\n\nDescription:\nAndroid applications built with the Cordova framework use a WebView component\nto display content. Cordova applications can specify a whitelist of URLs which\nthe application will be allowed to display, or to communicate with via\nXMLHttpRequest. This whitelist, however, is not used by the WebView component\nwhen it is directed via JavaScript to communicate over non-http channels. \n\nIt is possible to mitigate this attack vector by adding a CSP meta tag to all\nHTML pages in the application, to allow connections only to trusted sources. \nApp developers should also upgrade to Cordova Android 3.5.1, to reduce the risk\nof XAS attacks against their applications, which could then use this mechanism\nto reach unintended servers. 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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-12 23:15A vulnerability in the web application for Cisco IP Phones could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability exists because the affected software fails to check the bounds of input data. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web server of a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone, resulting in a DoS condition. Vendors have confirmed this vulnerability Bug ID CSCuz03034 It is released as.Service disruption through a crafted request by a third party ( Memory out-of-bounds access and Web Stop the server ) There is a possibility of being put into a state. The Cisco IP8800 Series Phones are digital phone system products. The web application of the Cisco IP8800 Series Phones does not properly check the size of the input data. Due to the nature of this issue arbitrary code execution may be possible, but this has not been confirmed. This issue is being tracked by Cisco bug ID CSCuz03034. Cisco IP 8800 is a set of telephone products provided by Cisco (Cisco) in the United States that provides video and VoIP communication functions
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VAR-200712-0412
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-10 23:21Cisco IP Phone 7940 with firmware P0S3-08-7-00 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service ("486 Busy" responses or device reboot) via a sequence of SIP INVITE transactions in which the Request-URI lacks a user name, a different vulnerability than CVE-2007-4459. Cisco 7940型IP电话是一种多功能通讯设备，通过IP网络传递语音信号. Cisco 7940在处理畸形INVITE消息时存在漏洞，远程攻击者可能利用此漏洞导致设备不可用. 如果向Cisco 7940 IP电话发送了一系列SIP INVITE消息的话，就可能导致设备看起来在正常工作而实际上无法接收或发起呼叫，继续发送INVITE消息的话就会导致设备重启. 攻击者所发送的SIP INVITE消息中的Request-URI部分应不包含有用户名，如INVITE sip：XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX SIP/2.0。需要发送6次才能导致设备拒绝服务，如下所示： X ----------------------- INVITE (Call-ID ＃1) -----------------------＞ Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 100 Trying (Call-ID ＃1) --------------------- Cisco 7940 .... --------5 New Dialogs like the previous-------- .... X ----------------------- INVITE (Call-ID ＃7) -----------------------＞ Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃7) --------------------- Cisco 7940 -------- DoS for aproximatly 3 minutes ------ X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃1) --------------------- Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃2) --------------------- Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃3) --------------------- Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃4) --------------------- Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃5) --------------------- Cisco 7940 X ＜------------------ 486 Busy (Call-ID ＃6) --------------------- Cisco 7940. Cisco 7940 SIP phones are prone to a denial-of-service vulnerability because the device fails to handle specially crafted SIP INVITE messages. Exploiting this issue allows remote attackers to cause the device to fail to respond to further call requests and to potentially crash, denying service to legitimate users. This issue affects version P0S3-08-7-00 of Cisco 7940 SIP phones; other versions may also be affected. Cisco 7940 has a loophole when processing malformed INVITE messages. Remote attackers may use this loophole to make the device unavailable. The Request-URI part of the SIP INVITE message sent by the attacker should not contain the user name, such as INVITE sip:XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX SIP/2.0. It needs to be sent 6 times to cause the device to deny service, as follows: X ----------------------- INVITE (Call-ID #1) ---- -------------------> Cisco 7940 X <------------------ 100 Trying (Call-ID #1 ) --------------------- Cisco 7940 ...
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VAR-200601-0173
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:41The Cisco IP Phone 7940 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (reboot) via a large amount of TCP SYN packets (syn flood) to arbitrary ports, as demonstrated to port 80. Cisco IP Phone 7940 is prone to a remote denial of service vulnerability.
Successful exploitation causes the phone to restart.
Cisco is tracking this issue as Cisco bug ID CSCef33398. Solaris is a commercial UNIX operating system developed and maintained by Sun. There is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the /usr/bin/uustat binary program of Solaris. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can completely control the return address of the execution function and execute arbitrary code with uucp user privileges. If the string length after the \"-S\" command line parameter is greater than or equal to 1152 bytes, it may cause the binary program to crash. The following example shows that the buffer is overflowed and the o1 register is completely overwritten by the letter A: bash-2.03\% ls -l /usr/bin/uustat ---s--x--x 1 uucp uucp 62012 Jan 17 16:07 uustat bash-2.03$ /usr/bin/uustat -S perl -e \'\'print \"A\"x3000\'\' Segmentation Fault bash-2.03$ (gdb) info registers g0 0x0 0 g1 0xff315e98 - 13541736 g2 0x1cc00 117760 g3 0x440 1088 g4 0x0 0 g5 0x0 0 g6 0x0 0 g7 0x0 0 o0 0xff3276a8 -13470040 o1 0x41414141 1094795585 ...
The vulnerability is caused due to an error in the IP Stack.
SOLUTION: Update to firmware revision 7.1(1) or later, which have the capability to perform load control using TCP throttling. This prevents a device from reloading.
PROVIDED AND/OR DISCOVERED BY: The vendor credits Knud Erik H\xf8jgaard.
ORIGINAL ADVISORY: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-response-20060113-ip-phones.shtml
About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help everybody keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities.
Subscribe: http://secunia.com/secunia_security_advisories/
Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/about_secunia_advisories/
Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor.
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VAR-200312-0085
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Columbia SIP User Agent (sipc) 1.74 and other versions before sipc 2.0 build 2003-02-21 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
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- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Columbia SIP User Agent (sipc) 1.74 and other versions before sipc 2.0 build 2003-02-21 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200312-0086
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in multiple dynamicsoft products including y and certain demo products for AppEngine allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in multiple dynamicsoft products including y and certain demo products for AppEngine allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200312-0084
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in multiple Cisco products including IP Phone models 7940 and 7960, IOS versions in the 12.2 train, and Secure PIX 5.2.9 to 6.2.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \'\'X\'\' train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in multiple Cisco products including IP Phone models 7940 and 7960, IOS versions in the 12.2 train, and Secure PIX 5.2.9 to 6.2.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \\\u0027\\\u0027X\\\u0027\\\u0027 train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Ingate Firewall and Ingate SIParator before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \'\'X\'\' train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Ingate Firewall and Ingate SIParator before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \\\u0027\\\u0027X\\\u0027\\\u0027 train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in IPTel SIP Express Router 0.8.9 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \'\'X\'\' train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in IPTel SIP Express Router 0.8.9 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflow and improper handling of request messages containing illegal headers, which can cause buffer overflow on devices running this protocol, resulting in denial of service, and may also cause unauthorized access or remote execution of arbitrary commands. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \\\u0027\\\u0027X\\\u0027\\\u0027 train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200312-0089
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Mediatrix Telecom VoIP Access Devices and Gateways running SIPv2.4 and SIPv4.3 firmware allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \'\'X\'\' train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Mediatrix Telecom VoIP Access Devices and Gateways running SIPv2.4 and SIPv4.3 firmware allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. SIP is part of the IETF standards process, and it builds on foundations such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It is used to establish, change and terminate calls between users based on IP networks. Cisco IP Telephony Modules 7940 and 7960 have these vulnerabilities, which can cause denial of service, and are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz26317, CSCdz29003, CSCdz29033, and CSCdz29041. Versions running Cisco IOS 12.2T train or any 12.2 \\\u0027\\\u0027X\\\u0027\\\u0027 train will reset due to incorrect handling of SIP protocols containing illegal headers. These vulnerabilities are documented in Cisco Bug IDs CSCdz39284 and CSCdz41124. Devices running an IOS version with this vulnerability and configured as a SIP gateway will cause the vulnerability generated by CSCdz39284. However, any version of IOS running with this vulnerability and configured in NAT mode will cause the vulnerability described by CSCdz41124 when SIP uses UDP for transmission. The Cisco PIX firewall resets when it receives a fragmented SIP INVITE message. Since the current SIP patch does not support fragmented SIP messages, the vulnerability described by Cisco Bug ID CSCdx47789 is temporarily patched by dropping SIP fragments. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200312-0209
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Alcatel OmniPCX Enterprise 5.0 Lx allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. Provided by many vendors SIP For service implementation, SIP Used when establishing a session INVITE Malicious due to poor message processing INVITE Service disruption by creating and sending requests (DoS) There is a vulnerability that becomes a condition.SIP Service disrupted service operation (DoS) State, or SIP Arbitrary code may be executed with the privilege of executing the service. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session
Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally
available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the
test suite:
Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication
Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in
configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the
Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available
by the end of February.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
subscribe cert-advisory
- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Alcatel OmniPCX Enterprise 5.0 Lx allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. Provided by many vendors SIP For service implementation, SIP Used when establishing a session INVITE Malicious due to poor message processing INVITE Service disruption by creating and sending requests (DoS) There is a vulnerability that becomes a condition.SIP Service disrupted service operation (DoS) State, or SIP Arbitrary code may be executed with the privilege of executing the service. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. All Nortel Networks products that use Session\n Initiation Protocol SIP) have been tested and all generally\n available products, with the following exceptions, have passed the\n test suite:\n\n Succession Communication Server 2000 and Succession Communication\n Server 2000 - Compact are impacted by the test suite only in\n configurations where SIP-T has been provisioned within the\n Communication Server; a software patch is expected to be available\n by the end of February. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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VAR-200312-0090
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2025-04-03 22:11The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Nortel Networks Succession Communication Server 2000, when using SIP-T, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. These issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. Exploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
CERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Original release date: February 21, 2003 Last revised: -- Source: CERT/CC
A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback for this advisory.
In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is available from VU#528719. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice provided in the Solution section below.
I. SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data sessions between users.
The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03.
OUSPG's most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in order to set up sessions. Note that "throttling" is an expected behavior.
Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in RFC3261:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt
OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:
http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/
The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
II. Impact
Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific impacts will vary from product to product.
III. Solution
Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant impact on your everyday network operations and/or network architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network operations capability.
Apply a patch from your vendor
Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this
advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine
if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you
may need to contact your vendor directly.
Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services
As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or
capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected
products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully
consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using.
Ingress filtering
As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of
these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and
services at the network perimeter.
Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a
network under your administrative control. Servers are typically
the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the
public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP
phones or "clien"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a
User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there
are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to
machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering
should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated
inbound traffic to non-authorized services.
Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices
from internal attacks.
Egress filtering
Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network
under your administrative control. There is typically limited need
for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic
to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing
egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border
may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on
other sites.
Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router.
Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks
are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as
an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to
broadcast addresses at your router.
Appendix A. - Vendor Information
This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their comments.
America Online Inc
Not vulnerable.
Apple Computer Inc.
There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X
or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation
Protocol.
Borderware
No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare
products are affected by this vulnerability.
We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their
work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle
their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are
certainly well-received.
We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to
mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not
recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our
firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of
networks where security is a concern of note.
F5 Networks
F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore
not affected by this vulnerability.
Fujitsu
With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu's UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable
because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V.
IBM
SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system.
IP Filter
IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is
therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited.
IPTel
All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable
to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version
0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from
http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/
before installation and keep on watching this site in the future.
We apologize to our users for the trouble.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Source:
Hewlett-Packard Company
Software Security Response Team
cross reference id: SSRT2402
HP-UX - not vulnerable
HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable
HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable
HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable
HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable
To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send
an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com
Lucent
No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,
however we are still researching the issue and will update this
statement as needed.
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client
implementation is not affected.
NEC Corporation
===================================================================
NEC vendor statement for VU#528719
===================================================================
sent on February 13, 2002
Server Products
* EWS/UP 48 Series operating system
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Router Products
* IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series
* - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP.
Other Network products
* We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol.
===================================================================
NETBSD
NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP.
NETfilter.org
As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn't
support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we
are not vulnerable to this bug.
NetScreen
NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue.
Network Appliance
NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability.
Nokia
Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office
Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector
platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The
mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability
Nortel Networks
Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT
Coordination Center.
For further information about Nortel Networks products please
contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support.
North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)
Europe, Middle East & Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907
9009
Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact
<http://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/> web page.
Novell
Novell has no products implementing SIP.
Secure Computing Corporation
Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need
to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability.
SecureWorx
We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product
suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as
described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8
Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500.
Stonesoft
Stonesoft's StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product
does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of
StoneGate are vulnerable.
Symantec
Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue.
Xerox
Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all
products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes
available.
Appendix B. - References
1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/
2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719
3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html
4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html
5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples
9. We would also like to acknowledge the
"RedSkins" project of "MediaTeam Oulu" for their support of this research.
Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay.
This document is available from: http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html
CERT/CC Contact Information
Email: cert@cert.org Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline) Fax: +1 412-268-6989 Postal address: CERT Coordination Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 U.S.A.
CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) / EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends.
Using encryption
We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. Our public PGP key is available from http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key
If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more information.
Getting security information
CERT publications and other security information are available from our web site http://www.cert.org/
To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins, send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your message
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- "CERT" and "CERT Coordination Center" are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
NO WARRANTY Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software Engineering Institute is furnished on an "as is" basis. Carnegie Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. ___________
Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information
Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University.
Revision History Feb 21, 2003: Initial release
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"data": "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation in Nortel Networks Succession Communication Server 2000, when using SIP-T, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted INVITE messages, as demonstrated by the OUSPG PROTOS c07-sip test suite. Oulu University has discovered a variety of vulnerabilities affecting products that implement the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These vulnerabiltites affect a wide variety of products, with impacts ranging from denial of service to execution of arbitrary code. SIP is used in Voice Over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, telephony, and various other applications and devices. These issues may be exploited to cause a denial of services in devices which implement the protocol. It has also been reported that unauthorized access to devices may occur under some circumstances. \nThese issues are related to handling of SIP INVITE messages. \nExploitation and the specific nature of each vulnerability may depend on the particular implementation. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\nCERT Advisory CA-2003-06 Multiple vulnerabilities in implementations of the\nSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)\n\n Original release date: February 21, 2003\n Last revised: --\n Source: CERT/CC\n\n A complete revision history can be found at the end of this file. \n Other systems making use of SIP may also be vulnerable but were not\n specifically tested. Not all SIP implementations are affected. See\n Vendor Information for details from vendors who have provided feedback\n for this advisory. \n\n In addition to the vendors who provided feedback for this advisory, a\n list of vendors whom CERT/CC contacted regarding these problems is\n available from VU#528719. These\n vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized privileged\n access, cause denial-of-service attacks, or cause unstable system\n behavior. If your site uses SIP-enabled products in any capacity, the\n CERT/CC encourages you to read this advisory and follow the advice\n provided in the Solution section below. \n\nI. \n SIP is a text-based protocol for initiating communication and data\n sessions between users. \n\n The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) previously\n conducted research into vulnerabilities in LDAP, culminating in CERT\n Advisory CA-2001-18, and SNMP, resulting in CERT Advisory CA-2002-03. \n\n OUSPG\u0027s most recent research focused on a subset of SIP related to the\n INVITE message, which SIP agents and proxies are required to accept in\n order to set up sessions. Note that \"throttling\" is an expected\n behavior. \n\n Specifications for the Session Initiation Protocol are available in\n RFC3261:\n\n http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt\n\n OUSPG has established the following site with detailed documentation\n regarding SIP and the implementation test results from the test suite:\n\n http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/testing/c07/sip/\n\n The IETF Charter page for SIP is available at\n\n http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n\nII. Impact\n\n Exploitation of these vulnerabilities may result in denial-of-service\n conditions, service interruptions, and in some cases may allow an\n attacker to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Specific\n impacts will vary from product to product. \n\nIII. Solution\n\n Many of the mitigation steps recommended below may have significant\n impact on your everyday network operations and/or network\n architecture. Ensure that any changes made based on the following\n recommendations will not unacceptably affect your ongoing network\n operations capability. \n\n Apply a patch from your vendor\n\n Appendix A contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. Please consult this appendix and VU#528719 to determine\n if your product is vulnerable. If a statement is unavailable, you\n may need to contact your vendor directly. \n\n Disable the SIP-enabled devices and services\n\n As a general rule, the CERT/CC recommends disabling any service or\n capability that is not explicitly required. Some of the affected\n products may rely on SIP to be functional. You should carefully\n consider the impact of blocking services that you may be using. \n\n Ingress filtering\n\n As a temporary measure, it may be possible to limit the scope of\n these vulnerabilities by blocking access to SIP devices and\n services at the network perimeter. \n\n Ingress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it enters a\n network under your administrative control. Servers are typically\n the only machines that need to accept inbound traffic from the\n public Internet. Note that most SIP User Agents (including IP\n phones or \"clien\"t software) consist of a User Agent Client and a\n User Agent Server. In the network usage policy of many sites, there\n are few reasons for external hosts to initiate inbound traffic to\n machines that provide no public services. Thus, ingress filtering\n should be performed at the border to prohibit externally initiated\n inbound traffic to non-authorized services. \n\n Please note that this workaround may not protect vulnerable devices\n from internal attacks. \n\n Egress filtering\n\n Egress filtering manages the flow of traffic as it leaves a network\n under your administrative control. There is typically limited need\n for machines providing public services to initiate outbound traffic\n to the Internet. In the case of the SIP vulnerabilities, employing\n egress filtering on the ports listed above at your network border\n may prevent your network from being used as a source for attacks on\n other sites. \n\n Block SIP requests directed to broadcast addresses at your router. \n\n Since SIP requests can be transmitted via UDP, broadcast attacks\n are possible. One solution to prevent your site from being used as\n an intermediary in an attack is to block SIP requests directed to\n broadcast addresses at your router. \n\nAppendix A. - Vendor Information\n\n This appendix contains information provided by vendors for this\n advisory. As vendors report new information to the CERT/CC, we will\n update this section and note the changes in our revision history. If a\n particular vendor is not listed below, we have not received their\n comments. \n\n America Online Inc\n\n Not vulnerable. \n\n Apple Computer Inc. \n\n There are currently no applications shipped by Apple with Mac OS X\n or Mac OS X Server which make use of the Session Initiation\n Protocol. \n\n Borderware\n\n No BorderWare products make use of SIP and thus no BorderWare\n products are affected by this vulnerability. \n We would however like to extend our thanks to the OUSPG for their\n work as well as for the responsible manner in which they handle\n their discoveries. Their detailed reports and test suites are\n certainly well-received. \n We would also like to reiterate the fact that SIP has yet to\n mature, protocol-wise as well as implementation-wise. We do not\n recommend that our customers set up SIP relays in parallel to our\n firewall products to pass SIP-based applications in or out of\n networks where security is a concern of note. \n\n F5 Networks\n\n F5 Networks does not have a SIP server product, and is therefore\n not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Fujitsu\n\n With regards to VU#528719, Fujitsu\u0027s UXP/V o.s. is not vulnerable\n because the relevant function is not supported under UXP/V. \n\n IBM\n\n SIP is not implemented as part of the AIX operating system. \n\n IP Filter\n\n IPFilter does not do any SIP specific protocol handling and is\n therefore not affected by the issues mentioned in the paper cited. \n\n IPTel\n\n All versions of SIP Express Router up to 0.8.9 are sadly vulnerable\n to the OUSPG test suite. We strongly advice to upgrade to version\n 0.8.10. Please also apply the patch to version 0.8.10 from\n http://www.iptel.org/ser/security/\n before installation and keep on watching this site in the future. \n We apologize to our users for the trouble. \n\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n\n Source:\n Hewlett-Packard Company\n Software Security Response Team\n cross reference id: SSRT2402\n\n HP-UX - not vulnerable\n HP-MPE/ix - not vulnerable\n HP Tru64 UNIX - not vulnerable\n HP OpenVMS - not vulnerable\n HP NonStop Servers - not vulnerable\n\n To report potential security vulnerabilities in HP software, send\n an E-mail message to: mailto:security-alert@hp.com\n\n Lucent\n\n No Lucent products are known to be affected by this vulnerability,\n however we are still researching the issue and will update this\n statement as needed. \n\n Microsoft Corporation\n\n Microsoft has investigated these issues. The Microsoft SIP client\n implementation is not affected. \n\n NEC Corporation\n\n ===================================================================\n NEC vendor statement for VU#528719\n ===================================================================\n\n sent on February 13, 2002\n Server Products\n * EWS/UP 48 Series operating system\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Router Products\n * IX 1000 / 2000 / 5000 Series\n * - is NOT vulnerable, because it does not support SIP. \n\n Other Network products\n * We continue to check our products which support SIP protocol. \n\n ===================================================================\n\n NETBSD\n\n NetBSD does not ship any implementation of SIP. \n\n NETfilter.org\n\n As the linux 2.4/2.5 netfilter implementation currently doesn\u0027t\n support connection tracking or NAT for the SIP protocol suite, we\n are not vulnerable to this bug. \n\n NetScreen\n\n NetScreen is not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Network Appliance\n\n NetApp products are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n Nokia\n\n Nokia IP Security Platforms based on IPSO, Nokis Small Office\n Solution platforms, Nokia VPN products and Nokia Message Protector\n platform do not initiate or terminate SIP based sessions. The\n mentioned Nokia products are not susceptible to this vulnerability\n\n Nortel Networks\n\n Nortel Networks is cooperating to the fullest extent with the CERT\n Coordination Center. \n\n For further information about Nortel Networks products please\n contact Nortel Networks Global Network Support. \n\n North America: 1-800-4-NORTEL, or (1-800-466-7835)\n Europe, Middle East \u0026 Africa: 00800 8008 9009, or +44 (0) 870 907\n 9009\n\n Contacts for other regions available at the Global Contact\n \u003chttp://www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global/\u003e web page. \n\n Novell\n\n Novell has no products implementing SIP. \n\n Secure Computing Corporation\n\n Neither Sidewinder nor Gauntlet implements SIP, so we do not need\n to be on the vendor list for this vulnerability. \n\n SecureWorx\n\n We hereby attest that SecureWorx Basilisk Gateway Security product\n suite (Firmware version 3.4.2 or later) is NOT VULNERABLE to the\n Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Vulnerability VU#528719 as\n described in the OUSPG announcement (OUSPG#0106) received on Fri, 8\n Nov 2002 10:17:11 -0500. \n\n Stonesoft\n\n Stonesoft\u0027s StoneGate high availability firewall and VPN product\n does not contain any code that handles SIP protocol. No versions of\n StoneGate are vulnerable. \n\n Symantec\n\n Symantec Corporation products are not vulnerable to this issue. \n\n Xerox\n\n Xerox is aware of this vulnerability and is currently assessing all\n products. This statement will be updated as new information becomes\n available. \n\nAppendix B. - References\n\n 1. http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/ouspg/protos/\n 2. http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/528719\n 3. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html\n 4. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html\n 5. RFC3261 - SIP: Session Initiation Protocol\n 6. RFC2327 - SDP: Session Description Protocol\n 7. RFC2279 - UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646\n 8. Session Initiation Protocol Basic Call Flow Examples \n 9. We would also like to acknowledge the\n \"RedSkins\" project of \"MediaTeam Oulu\" for their support of this\n research. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Feedback on this document can be directed to the authors, \n Jason A. Rafail and Ian A. Finlay. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n This document is available from:\n http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2003-06.html\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\nCERT/CC Contact Information\n\n Email: cert@cert.org\n Phone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)\n Fax: +1 412-268-6989\n Postal address:\n CERT Coordination Center\n Software Engineering Institute\n Carnegie Mellon University\n Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890\n U.S.A. \n\n CERT/CC personnel answer the hotline 08:00-17:00 EST(GMT-5) /\n EDT(GMT-4) Monday through Friday; they are on call for emergencies\n during other hours, on U.S. holidays, and on weekends. \n\nUsing encryption\n\n We strongly urge you to encrypt sensitive information sent by email. \n Our public PGP key is available from\n http://www.cert.org/CERT_PGP.key\n\n If you prefer to use DES, please call the CERT hotline for more\n information. \n\nGetting security information\n\n CERT publications and other security information are available from\n our web site\n http://www.cert.org/\n\n To subscribe to the CERT mailing list for advisories and bulletins,\n send email to majordomo@cert.org. Please include in the body of your\n message\n\n subscribe cert-advisory\n\n * \"CERT\" and \"CERT Coordination Center\" are registered in the U.S. \n Patent and Trademark Office. \n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n NO WARRANTY\n Any material furnished by Carnegie Mellon University and the Software\n Engineering Institute is furnished on an \"as is\" basis. Carnegie\n Mellon University makes no warranties of any kind, either expressed or\n implied as to any matter including, but not limited to, warranty of\n fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability, exclusivity or\n results obtained from use of the material. Carnegie Mellon University\n does not make any warranty of any kind with respect to freedom from\n patent, trademark, or copyright infringement. \n _________________________________________________________________\n\n Conditions for use, disclaimers, and sponsorship information\n\n Copyright 2003 Carnegie Mellon University. \n\n Revision History\n Feb 21, 2003: Initial release\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: PGP 6.5.8\n\niQCVAwUBPlZDZmjtSoHZUTs5AQGBKwQAr+4iXdsjC3LcN3QB77+6uslWZlP4AZlG\nIXS4u50QPNhuFw/vnuOG2FM4bCSUE7h+nG3eyakS1dWO3jGyybMFWPyvykYeFUKQ\n17QbmykeWBUVdGmxOeuVmSdmz7MSp6U+FZZmzuUWM85DlSUKoYg8dF7CqVuC137O\nEisa8/wivlM=\n=p961\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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"data": "Unknown",
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"db": "BID",
"id": "6904"
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CERTFR-2025-AVI-0884
Vulnerability from certfr_avis - Published: 2025-10-16 - Updated: 2025-10-16
De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Cisco. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance et une injection de code indirecte à distance (XSS).
Solutions
Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | IP Phone | IP Phone 8821 avec une version logicielle de SIP antérieure à 11.0(6)SR7 | ||
| Cisco | Desk Phone | Desk Phone 9800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP antérieure à 3.3(1) | ||
| Cisco | IP Phone | IP Phone 8800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP antérieure à 14.4(1) | ||
| Cisco | Video Phone | Video Phone 8875 avec une version logicielle de SIP antérieure à 3.3(1) | ||
| Cisco | IP Phone | IP Phone 7800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP antérieure à 14.4(1) |
References
| Title | Publication Time | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
{
"$ref": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/openapi.json",
"affected_systems": [
{
"description": "IP Phone 8821 avec une version logicielle de SIP ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 11.0(6)SR7",
"product": {
"name": "IP Phone",
"vendor": {
"name": "Cisco",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Desk Phone 9800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3.3(1)",
"product": {
"name": "Desk Phone",
"vendor": {
"name": "Cisco",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "IP Phone 8800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 14.4(1)",
"product": {
"name": "IP Phone",
"vendor": {
"name": "Cisco",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "Video Phone 8875 avec une version logicielle de SIP ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3.3(1)",
"product": {
"name": "Video Phone",
"vendor": {
"name": "Cisco",
"scada": false
}
}
},
{
"description": "IP Phone 7800 Series avec une version logicielle de SIP ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 14.4(1)",
"product": {
"name": "IP Phone",
"vendor": {
"name": "Cisco",
"scada": false
}
}
}
],
"affected_systems_content": "",
"content": "## Solutions\n\nSe r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u0027\u00e9diteur pour l\u0027obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).",
"cves": [
{
"name": "CVE-2025-20350",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-20350"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2025-20351",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-20351"
}
],
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-16T00:00:00",
"last_revision_date": "2025-10-16T00:00:00",
"links": [],
"reference": "CERTFR-2025-AVI-0884",
"revisions": [
{
"description": "Version initiale",
"revision_date": "2025-10-16T00:00:00.000000"
}
],
"risks": [
{
"description": "D\u00e9ni de service \u00e0 distance"
},
{
"description": "Injection de code indirecte \u00e0 distance (XSS)"
}
],
"summary": "De multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans les produits Cisco. Elles permettent \u00e0 un attaquant de provoquer un d\u00e9ni de service \u00e0 distance et une injection de code indirecte \u00e0 distance (XSS).",
"title": "Multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans les produits Cisco",
"vendor_advisories": [
{
"published_at": "2025-10-15",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Cisco cisco-sa-phone-dos-FPyjLV7A",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-phone-dos-FPyjLV7A"
}
]
}