CWE-829
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
CVE-2026-4295 (GCVE-0-2026-4295)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-17 19:11 – Updated: 2026-03-18 14:07
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary code execution via crafted project files in Kiro IDE
Summary
Improper trust boundary enforcement in Kiro IDE before version 0.8.0 on all supported platforms might allow a remote unauthenticated threat actor to execute arbitrary code via maliciously crafted project directory files that bypass workspace trust protections when a local user opens the directory.
To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.8.0 or higher.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://kiro.dev/changelog/ide/0-8/ | release-notes |
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CVE-2026-43003 (GCVE-0-2026-43003)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-01 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-01 14:13
VLAI
Summary
An issue was discovered in OpenStack ironic-python-agent 1.0.0 through 11.5.0. Ironic Python Agent (IPA) sometimes executes grub-install from within a chroot of the deployed partition image, leading to code execution in the case of a malicious image.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenStack | ironic-python-agent |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 11.5.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-43569 (GCVE-0-2026-43569)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 11:25 – Updated: 2026-05-06 12:42 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.4.9 - Untrusted Provider Plugin Auto-enablement via Workspace Provider Auth
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.4.9 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability allowing untrusted workspace plugins to be auto-enabled during non-interactive onboarding when provider auth choices are shadowed. Attackers can exploit this by crafting malicious workspace plugins that are automatically selected and enabled during authentication setup without explicit user consent.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/2d97e… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unt… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-16 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-43571 (GCVE-0-2026-43571)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 11:25 – Updated: 2026-05-05 11:58 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.4.10 - Untrusted Workspace Plugin Shadow Resolution in Channel Setup
Summary
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Severity
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1fede… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unt… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-16 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-43940 (GCVE-0-2026-43940)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 02:58 – Updated: 2026-05-08 12:52
VLAI
Title
electerm: Path traversal in electerm runWidget leads to arbitrary code execution
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.7.16, the runWidget function in src/app/widgets/load-widget.js constructs a file path by directly concatenating user‑supplied widget identifiers without any sanitisation. Because runWidget is exposed to the renderer process via an asynchronous IPC handler with no input validation, an attacker who achieves JavaScript execution inside the renderer (for example, through a malicious plugin or a cross‑site scripting flaw in the built‑in webview) can abuse a path traversal (../) to load and execute an arbitrary JavaScript file anywhere on the victim’s filesystem. This gives the attacker local code execution with the full privileges of the electerm process, leading to complete system compromise. This issue has been patched in version 3.7.16.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
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|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-43944 (GCVE-0-2026-43944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:08 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:33
VLAI
Title
electerm: dangerous code can be run through links or command line
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. From versions 3.0.6 to before 3.8.15, electerm is vulnerable to arbitrary local code execution via deep links, CLI --opts, or crafted shortcuts. Exploit requires clicking a crafted electerm://... link or opening a crafted shortcut/command that launches electerm with attacker-controlled opts. This issue has been patched in version 3.8.15.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/0599e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/8a6a1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/a79e0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44312 (GCVE-0-2026-44312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 16:15 – Updated: 2026-05-15 18:05
VLAI
Title
css_parser allows to MITM included https css urls
Summary
css_parser is a Ruby CSS parser. Prior to 2.1.0 and 1.22.0, the CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will be accepted without validation. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0 and 1.22.0.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/issues/185 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/35… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/premailer/css_parser/commit/e0… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| premailer | css_parser |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.1.0
Affected: < 1.22.0 |
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CVE-2026-44336 (GCVE-0-2026-44336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:32 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:33
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI MCP `tools/call` path-traversal and RCE via Python `.pth` injection
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.34, PraisonAI's MCP (Model Context Protocol) server (praisonai mcp serve) registers four file-handling tools by default — praisonai.rules.create, praisonai.rules.show, praisonai.rules.delete, and praisonai.workflow.show. Each accepts a path or filename string from MCP tools/call arguments and joins it onto ~/.praison/rules/ (or, for workflow.show, accepts an absolute path) with no containment check. The JSON-RPC dispatcher passes params["arguments"] blind to each handler via **kwargs without validating against the advertised input schema. By setting rule_name="../../<some-path>" an attacker walks out of the rules directory and writes any file the running user can write. Dropping a Python .pth file into the user site-packages directory escalates this primitive to arbitrary code execution in any subsequent Python process the user spawns — the next praisonai CLI invocation, an IDE script run, the user's python REPL, or any background Python service. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.34.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
- CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.6.34
|
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CVE-2026-44995 (GCVE-0-2026-44995)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 16:46 – Updated: 2026-05-11 17:57 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.4.20 - Arbitrary Code Execution via MCP stdio Environment Variables
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.4.20 contains an improper environment variable validation vulnerability in MCP stdio server configuration that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. Malicious workspace configurations can pass dangerous startup variables like NODE_OPTIONS, LD_PRELOAD, or BASH_ENV to spawned MCP server processes, enabling code injection when operators start sessions using those servers.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/62fa5… | patch |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/85d86… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arb… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-21 00:00
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CVE-2026-45184 (GCVE-0-2026-45184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 22:25 – Updated: 2026-05-11 14:51
VLAI
Summary
Kdenlive before 26.04.1 allows dangerous proxy parameters when an attacker-controlled project file is used.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-6
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion
An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking
An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.
CAPEC-228: DTD Injection
An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.
CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion
The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files
This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code
An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.
CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process
The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.
CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking
An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.
CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension
An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.