Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-470

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

CVE-2026-48817 (GCVE-0-2026-48817)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:54
VLAI
Title
Starlette: Arbitrary HTTP method dispatched to `HTTPEndpoint` attributes via `getattr`
Summary
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. In versions 1.0.1 and below, when dispatching a request, HTTPEndpoint selects the handler by lowercasing the HTTP method and looking it up as an attribute with getattr, without restricting the lookup to a known set of HTTP verbs. When an HTTPEndpoint subclass is registered through Route(...) without an explicit methods= argument, the route does not constrain the method and every method reaches the endpoint. If a non-standard HTTP method whose lowercased name matches an attribute on the endpoint subclass reaches the endpoint, that attribute is invoked as if it were a request handler. An attacker can use this to reach methods that were never meant to be HTTP handlers, such as internal helpers, without the authorization checks applied by the intended public handler. An application (including Starlette-based frameworks like FastAPI) is affected if it registers an HTTPEndpoint subclass via Route(...) without explicitly setting methods=, and that subclass includes extra methods named like non-standard HTTP verbs that take one request argument and return a response. This issue has been fixed in version 1.1.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kludex starlette Affected: < 1.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-49287 (GCVE-0-2026-49287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-06-22 14:22
VLAI
Title
Statamic CMS vulnerable to unsafe method invocation via collection sorting allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.73.23 and 6.20.0, the fix for CVE-2026-41175 was incomplete. It addressed the issue in the query builder, but the same protection was not applied to in-memory collection sorting. Manipulating sort parameters could result in the loss of content and assets. This requires a front-end template that passes request input into a tag's sort parameter. It is not exploitable by default — a template would need to be explicitly set up to sort by a visitor-controlled value. This has been fixed in 5.73.23 and 6.20.0.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
statamic cms Affected: < 5.73.23
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55153 (GCVE-0-2026-55153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:02 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:02
VLAI
Title
mchange-commons-java contains elements susceptible to abuse via JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets"
Summary
mchange-commons-java is a Java library of shared utility classes used by mchange projects like the c3p0 connection pool. Prior to version 0.6.0, its JNDI ObjectFactory implementation (com.mchange.v2.naming.JavaBeanObjectFactory) will construct objects of arbitrary classes and initialize "JavaBean"-style properties, which for certain classes enables JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets." Such initialization is unsafe for some classes: for example, setting the contentType property of a Swing JEditorPane to text/html and its text property to HTML containing a stylesheet <link> will provoke an HTTP GET on an arbitrary URL, potentially from within a trusted security domain. The problem is aggravated by the library's ReferenceIndirector, through which malicious JNDI Reference objects can be smuggled in for dereferencing wherever an application reads a Java-serialized object. This has been resolved in version 0.6.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-8178 (GCVE-0-2026-8178)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 18:36 – Updated: 2026-05-08 20:06
VLAI
Title
Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Class Loading in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver
Summary
An issue exists in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver versions prior to 2.2.2. Under certain conditions, the driver could load and execute arbitrary classes when processing JDBC connection URL parameters. An actor who can influence the connection URL could potentially execute code in the application context, provided a suitable class is available on the application's classpath. To mitigate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.2.2 or later.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "orgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
        "shortName": "AMZN"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/aws/amazon-redshift-jdbc-driver/releases/tag/v2.2.2"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-028-aws/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/aws/amazon-redshift-jdbc-driver/security/advisories/GHSA-wmmv-vvg5-993q"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Class Loading in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.1"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
    "assignerShortName": "AMZN",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-8178",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-08T18:36:46.950Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-08T16:01:18.527Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T20:06:28.690Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection

An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.

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