CWE-400

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-04T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Foxit PhantomPDF before 8.3.12. It allows stack consumption via nested function calls for XML parsing.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6g3-9679-c8vh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:19:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:19:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "brace-expansion"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1.11"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "brace-expansion"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "brace-expansion"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "3.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "brace-expansion"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "4.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5889"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-10T22:51:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T19:15:25Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in juliangruber brace-expansion up to 1.1.11/2.0.1/3.0.0/4.0.0. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function expand of the file index.js. The manipulation leads to inefficient regular expression complexity. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.1.12, 2.0.2, 3.0.1 and 4.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is `a5b98a4f30d7813266b221435e1eaaf25a1b0ac5`. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6h2-p8h4-qcjw",
  "modified": "2025-06-11T20:54:10Z",
  "published": "2025-06-09T21:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5889"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/pull/65/commits/a5b98a4f30d7813266b221435e1eaaf25a1b0ac5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/0b6a9781e18e9d2769bb2931f4856d1360243ed2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/15f9b3c75ebf5988198241fecaebdc45eff28a9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/36603d5f3599a37af9e85eda30acd7d28599c36e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c3c73c8b088defc70851843be88ccc3af08e7217"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/mmmsssttt404/37a40ce7d6e5ca604858fe30814d9466"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.585717"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "brace-expansion Regular Expression Denial of Service vulnerability"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.3.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jruby:jruby-parent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-5036"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-328",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-27T16:12:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-12-30T01:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Rack before 1.1.3, 1.2.x before 1.2.5, and 1.3.x before 1.3.6 computes hash values for form parameters without restricting the ability to trigger hash collisions predictably, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) by sending many crafted parameters.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6j3-7jrw-hq2p",
  "modified": "2023-08-25T23:09:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:59:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-5036"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/52bbc6b9cc19ce330829"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2011-5036.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120201040317/http://jruby.org/2011/12/27/jruby-1-6-5-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20130213132312/http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2011-12/0181.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/903934"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.nruns.com/_downloads/advisory28122011.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Rack Gem Subject to Denial of Service via Hash Collisions"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-11T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Asus DSL-N14U-B1 1.1.2.3_805 allows remote attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a TCP SYN scan using nmap.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6mh-52q2-xjgf",
  "modified": "2022-05-19T00:00:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-12T00:02:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kaisersource/kaisersource.github.io/blob/main/_posts/2021-01-22-dsl-n14u.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kaisersource.github.io/dsl-n14u-syn"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53481"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-04T16:15:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - IPInfo Extension allows Excessive Allocation.This issue affects Mediawiki - IPInfo Extension: from 1.39.X before 1.39.13, from 1.42.X before 1.42.7, from 1.43.X before 1.43.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6mw-4fwv-qvr5",
  "modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-07-04T18:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/I08a7154f8fa08bb6f0940e522075bdc2a3d4433f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/I474b7a1b3bc1e7597fee0826a18a0cf042359f0f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392976"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-10827"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-09T04:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "LiteCart before 2.1.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via URIs that do not exist, because public_html/logs/not_found.log grows without bound, and is loaded into memory for each request.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6q2-vrq7-xprq",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:19:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:19:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10827"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/litecart/litecart/issues/119"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1580"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-02T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in the logging feature in Devolutions Gateway 2023.1.1 and earlier allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by filling up the disk and render the system unusable.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6rc-ppgp-5pmr",
  "modified": "2023-04-07T21:30:15Z",
  "published": "2023-04-02T21:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1580"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2023-0007"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-38741"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-14T18:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\nIBM TXSeries for Multiplatforms 8.1, 8.2, and 9.1 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by improper enforcement of the timeout on individual read operations. By conducting a slowloris-type attacks, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause a denial of service. IBM X-Force ID: 262905.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-v6rh-vj3x-wp5c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:55:12Z",
  "published": "2023-08-14T18:32:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/262905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7025476"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "djvalidator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7779"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-13T18:54:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-26T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of package djvalidator are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) by sending crafted invalid emails - for example, \n`--@------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!`.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6wh-2wvh-c8x5",
  "modified": "2023-09-11T23:10:32Z",
  "published": "2022-02-09T23:15:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7779"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-DJVALIDATOR-1018709"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in djvalidator"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0.beta1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34827"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-02T20:30:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T18:16:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head` parses quoted multipart parameters such as `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"...\"` using repeated `String#index` searches combined with `String#slice!` prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted `multipart/form-data` request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing.\n\nThis results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data.\n\n## Details\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head` parses quoted parameter values by repeatedly:\n\n1. Searching for the next quote or backslash,\n2. Copying the preceding substring into a new buffer, and\n3. Removing the processed prefix from the original string with `slice!`.\n\nAn attacker can exploit this by sending a multipart request with many parts whose `name` parameters contain long escape-heavy values such as:\n\n```text\nname=\"a\\\\a\\\\a\\\\a\\\\a\\\\...\"\n```\n\nUnder default Rack limits, a request can contain up to 4095 parts. If many of those parts use long quoted values with dense escape characters, the parser performs disproportionately expensive CPU work while remaining within normal request size and part-count limits.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny Rack application that accepts `multipart/form-data` requests may be affected, including file upload endpoints and standard HTML form handlers.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can send crafted multipart requests that consume excessive CPU time during request parsing. Repeated requests can tie up application workers, reduce throughput, and degrade or deny service availability.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of Rack that parses quoted multipart parameters without repeated rescanning and destructive prefix deletion.\n* Apply request throttling or rate limiting to multipart upload endpoints.\n* Where operationally feasible, restrict or isolate multipart parsing on untrusted high-volume endpoints.",
  "id": "GHSA-v6x5-cg8r-vv6x",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T16:18:33Z",
  "published": "2026-04-02T20:30:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-v6x5-cg8r-vv6x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34827"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-34827.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack\u0027s multipart header parsing allows Denial of Service via escape-heavy quoted parameters"
}