Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-345

Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.

CVE-2026-55430 (GCVE-0-2026-55430)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 00:03 – Updated: 2026-07-08 17:10
VLAI
Title
Coder's subdomain workspace app routing trusts unauthenticated X-Forwarded-Host header, enabling cross-app data access
Summary
Coder allows organizations to provision remote development environments via Terraform. Prior to versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2, the workspace app proxy resolves the target app from `httpapi.RequestHost()` which prefers the `X-Forwarded-Host` header over the real `Host` header. No middleware strips `X-Forwarded-Host` before routing and the header is not browser-forbidden so client-side JavaScript can set it on `fetch()` calls. Practical exploitation requires subdomain app routing (wildcard hostname) enabled, a victim who visits the attacker's shared app and a deployment whose upstream proxy does not strip `X-Forwarded-Host`. The fix in versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2 trusts `X-Forwarded-Host` only from configured trusted proxies and otherwise resolves the routing host from the verified request host. As a workaround, place an upstream reverse proxy that strips or overwrites `X-Forwarded-Host` on untrusted requests.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
coder coder Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.2
Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.8
Affected: >= 2.30.0, < 2.32.7
Affected: < 2.29.17
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55698 (GCVE-0-2026-55698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 16:43 – Updated: 2026-06-26 03:56
VLAI
Title
pnpm: Project env lockfile can short-circuit package-manager resolution and execute lockfile-selected pnpm bytes
Summary
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.2 and 11.5.3, pnpm can persist package-manager bootstrap metadata in the first YAML document of pnpm-lock.yaml. Before the patch, direct pnpm execution trusted an already resolved packageManagerDependencies entry when the committed env lockfile contained matching pnpm and @pnpm/exe versions. A malicious repository could therefore commit package-manager lockfile package records and snapshots that bypassed fresh package-manager resolution, then cause pnpm to install and execute bytes selected by that committed lockfile state during automatic version switching. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.34.2 and 11.5.3.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-494 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pnpm pnpm Affected: < 10.34.2
Affected: >= 11.0.0, < 11.5.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55883 (GCVE-0-2026-55883)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 21:38 – Updated: 2026-07-10 21:38
VLAI
Title
Tilt: Cross-site WebSocket hijacking of the Tilt HUD stream
Summary
Tilt defines dev environments as code for microservice apps on Kubernetes. From 0.24.0 through 0.37.3, the Tilt HUD WebSocket at /ws/view is gated by a CSRF token, but the token is served by the unauthenticated /api/websocket_token endpoint and the upgrader accepts clients that omit an Origin header. When the HUD is network-exposed, an attacker who can reach the listener can open the HUD WebSocket and receive the full view stream, including session state, Tiltfile contents, resource statuses, and continued updates. This issue is fixed in version 0.37.4.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tilt-dev tilt Affected: >= 0.24.0, < 0.37.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56073 (GCVE-0-2026-56073)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 21:39 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:30
VLAI
Title
Cap-go - OTP Bypass via Response Manipulation in Email Verification
Summary
Cap-go before 12.128.2 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in OTP verification that allows attackers to bypass email verification by modifying server responses. Attackers can intercept OTP verification requests and manipulate HTTP responses to falsely mark verification successful, enabling unauthorized 2FA enablement and account takeover.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cap-go capgo Affected: 0 , < 12.128.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 12.128.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-05 00:00
Credits
nancyhunter191
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-58593 (GCVE-0-2026-58593)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 19:27 – Updated: 2026-07-07 12:50
VLAI
Title
NodeBB - ActivityPub Author Spoofing via Unvalidated attributedTo Mapped to Local User
Summary
NodeBB does not bind the claimed author of an inbound ActivityPub object to the authenticated remote actor. The inbound middleware verifies the HTTP-signature actor and checks the origin of object.id, but never validates that attributedTo corresponds to the sender. In the object mock, attributedTo is used directly as a uid, and actors.assert silently ignores numeric identifiers (filtering them out without re-deriving the uid), so a federated remote actor can set attributedTo to a bare numeric value such as 1 and have the resulting post or private message created with that local uid as author, including the administrator account. This lets a remote attacker forge posts and direct messages attributed to arbitrary local users. Requires the ActivityPub/federation feature to be enabled.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NodeBB NodeBB Affected: 4.13.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-01 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-59930 (GCVE-0-2026-59930)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:13 – Updated: 2026-07-09 13:54
VLAI
Title
Mistune toc / TableOfContents directive: heading IDs use predictable `toc_N` numbering with no slugification, allowing collision with attacker-controlled `id="toc_N"` content
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, the toc plugin and TableOfContents directive generate heading IDs as predictable toc_N values without slugifying the heading text, allowing attacker-controlled id="toc_N" content to collide with generated anchors and redirect same-page navigation, CSS selectors, or JavaScript handlers. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-1284 - Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lepture mistune Affected: < 3.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-6498 (GCVE-0-2026-6498)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 09:29 – Updated: 2026-04-30 12:04
VLAI
Title
Five Star Restaurant Reservations <= 2.7.16 - Unauthenticated Payment Bypass via PHP Type Juggling in 'payment_id' Parameter
Summary
The Five Star Restaurant Reservations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to a payment bypass via PHP type juggling in versions up to, and including, 2.7.16 This is due to the valid_payment() function using a PHP loose comparison (==) between the attacker-controlled payment_id POST parameter and the booking's stripe_payment_intent_id property. When an unauthenticated attacker submits a request to the nopriv AJAX handler rtb_stripe_pmt_succeed before the Stripe payment intent has been created for a booking (i.e., before the JavaScript-triggered create_stripe_pmtIntnt() call has stored an intent ID in post meta), the stripe_payment_intent_id property on the booking object remains null. The comparison sanitize_text_field('') == null evaluates to TRUE in PHP loose comparison, causing the payment verification check to pass with zero actual payment. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark any existing payment_pending booking as paid without completing a Stripe payment by submitting an empty payment_id parameter.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
David Fernández Morilla
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-6967 (GCVE-0-2026-6967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 19:41 – Updated: 2026-04-24 20:13
VLAI
Title
Missing Delegated Metadata Validation in awslabs/tough
Summary
Missing expiration, hash, and length enforcement in delegated metadata validation in awslabs/tough before tough-v0.22.0 allows remote authenticated users with delegated signing authority to bypass TUF specification integrity checks for delegated targets metadata and poison the local metadata cache, because load_delegations does not apply the same validation checks as the top-level targets metadata path. We recommend you upgrade to tough-v0.22.0 / tuftool-v0.15.0.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-6986 (GCVE-0-2026-6986)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-25 16:30 – Updated: 2026-04-27 13:36 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Cesanta Mongoose GCM Authentication Tag tls_aes128.c mg_aes_gcm_decrypt signature verification
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This issue affects the function mg_aes_gcm_decrypt of the file /src/tls_aes128.c of the component GCM Authentication Tag Handler. Such manipulation leads to improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack may be performed from remote. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 7.21 is capable of addressing this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. VulDB has contacted the vendor early and they confirmed quickly, that this issue got fixed already.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cesanta Mongoose Affected: 7.0
Affected: 7.1
Affected: 7.2
Affected: 7.3
Affected: 7.4
Affected: 7.5
Affected: 7.6
Affected: 7.7
Affected: 7.8
Affected: 7.9
Affected: 7.10
Affected: 7.11
Affected: 7.12
Affected: 7.13
Affected: 7.14
Affected: 7.15
Affected: 7.16
Affected: 7.17
Affected: 7.18
Affected: 7.19
Affected: 7.20
Unaffected: 7.21
    cpe:2.3:a:cesanta:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
dwbruijn (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-7606 (GCVE-0-2026-7606)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-02 06:45 – Updated: 2026-05-04 17:12 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Update new_gui_update_firmware data authenticity
Summary
A weakness has been identified in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.12B01. This issue affects the function find_hwid/new_gui_update_firmware of the component Firmware Update Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument dest can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack can be launched remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The vendor explains: "That firmware version will only work on our hardware version v1.xR. We have already EOL that product 8 years ago and are no longer selling". This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:X/RL:X/RC:R
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:X/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/submit/806213 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… patch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Affected: 1.12B01
    cpe:2.3:o:trendnet:tew-821dap_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
IOT_Res (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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            "baseScore": 3.7,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:X/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.6,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:ND/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-345",
              "description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-02T06:45:10.258Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-360563 | TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Update new_gui_update_firmware data authenticity",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-360563 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #806213 | Trendnet TEW-821DAP v1.12B01 CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/806213"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blob/main/Trendnet/TEW-821DAP_Auth.md"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "unsupported-when-assigned"
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-01T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-01T14:12:48.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Update new_gui_update_firmware data authenticity"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-7606",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-02T06:45:10.258Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-01T12:07:25.142Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-04T17:12:43.432Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning

An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.

CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning

A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.

CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing

An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.

CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages

An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.

CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.

CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation

An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.

CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.

CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content

An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.

CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

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