CWE-327

Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm

The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.

CVE-2023-47640 (GCVE-0-2023-47640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 20:55 – Updated: 2025-01-07 19:13
VLAI
Title
Insecure Use of HMAC-SHA1 For Session Signing in datahub
Summary
DataHub is an open-source metadata platform. The HMAC signature for DataHub Frontend sessions was being signed using a SHA-1 HMAC with the frontend secret key. SHA1 with a 10 byte key can be brute forced using sufficient resources (i.e. state level actors with large computational capabilities). DataHub Frontend was utilizing the Play LegacyCookiesModule with default settings which utilizes a SHA1 HMAC for signing. This is compounded by using a shorter key length than recommended by default for the signing key for the randomized secret value. An authenticated attacker (or attacker who has otherwise obtained a session token) could crack the signing key for DataHub and obtain escalated privileges by generating a privileged session cookie. Due to key length being a part of the risk, deployments should update to the latest helm chart and rotate their session signing secret. All deployments using the default helm chart configurations for generating the Play secret key used for signing are affected by this vulnerability. Version 0.11.1 resolves this vulnerability. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
datahub-project datahub Affected: < 0.11.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-50312 (GCVE-0-2023-50312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-01 02:30 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:44
VLAI
Title
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty information disclosure
Summary
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 24.0.0.2 could provide weaker than expected security for outbound TLS connections caused by a failure to honor user configuration. IBM X-Force ID: 274711.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
ibm
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty Affected: 17.0.0.3 , ≤ 24.0.0.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-50313 (GCVE-0-2023-50313)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-02 12:54 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:16
VLAI
Title
IBM WebSphere Application Server information disclosure
Summary
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 could provide weaker than expected security for outbound TLS connections caused by a failure to honor user configuration. IBM X-Force ID: 274812.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
ibm
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-50937 (GCVE-0-2023-50937)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-02 00:10 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:23
VLAI
Title
IBM PowerSC information disclosure
Summary
IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 275117.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
ibm
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM PowerSC Affected: 1.3, 2.0, 2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-50939 (GCVE-0-2023-50939)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-01 23:53 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:23
VLAI
Title
IBM PowerSC information Disclosure
Summary
IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 275129.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
ibm
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM PowerSC Affected: 1.3, 2.0, 2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-52236 (GCVE-0-2023-52236)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 10:32 – Updated: 2025-10-14 09:14
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM i800 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM i801 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM i802 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM i803 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM M2100 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM M2200 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM M969 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RMC30 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RP110 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS1600 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS1600F (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS1600T (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS400 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS401 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS416 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS416P (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RS8000 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS8000A (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS8000H (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS8000T (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RS900GP (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900L (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900M-GETS-C01 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900M-GETS-XX (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900M-STND-C01 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900M-STND-XX (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS900W (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS910 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS910L (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS910W (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS920L (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS920W (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS930L (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS930W (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS940G (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RS969 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG2200 (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG907R (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG908C (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG909R (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG910C (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X (All versions), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RSL910 (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RST2228 (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RST2228P (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RST916C (All versions < V5.10.0), RUGGEDCOM RST916P (All versions < V5.10.0). The affected products support insecure cryptographic algorithms. An attacker could leverage these legacy algorithms to achieve a man-in-the-middle attack or impersonate communicating parties.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens RUGGEDCOM i800 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM i801 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM i802 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM i803 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM M2100 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM M2200 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM M969 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RMC30 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RP110 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS1600 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS1600F Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS1600T Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS400 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS401 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416P Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS8000 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS8000A Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS8000H Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS8000T Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900G Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900GP Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900L Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900M-GETS-C01 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900M-GETS-XX Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900M-STND-C01 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900M-STND-XX Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS900W Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS910 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS910L Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS910W Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS920L Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS920W Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS930L Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS930W Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS940G Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RS969 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2200 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG907R Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG908C Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG909R Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG910C Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RSL910 Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2228 Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2228P Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST916C Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST916P Affected: 0 , < V5.10.0 (custom)
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Show details on NVD website

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          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
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          "vendor": "Siemens",
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              "status": "affected",
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        {
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          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
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              "lessThan": "*",
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
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          "vendor": "Siemens",
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              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "RUGGEDCOM RS930W",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
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            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
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        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "RUGGEDCOM RS940G",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "RUGGEDCOM RS969",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
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CVE-2023-5347 (GCVE-0-2023-5347)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 09:54 – Updated: 2025-10-08 09:10
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated Firmware Upgrade
Summary
An Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in the update process of Korenix JetNet Series allows replacing the whole operating system including Trusted Executables. This issue affects JetNet devices older than firmware version 2024/01.
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Korenix JetNet Series Affected: firmware older than 2024/01
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
S. Dietz (CyberDanube)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-5627 (GCVE-0-2023-5627)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-01 15:04 – Updated: 2024-09-05 15:45
VLAI
Title
Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in NPort 6000 Series, making the authentication mechanism vulnerable. This vulnerability arises from the incorrect implementation of sensitive information protection, potentially allowing malicious users to gain unauthorized access to the web service.
CWE
  • CWE-303 - Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm
  • CWE-257 - Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Moxa NPort 6000 Series Affected: 1.0 , ≤ 1.21 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Pasha Kravtsov and Nathan Nye from True Anomaly (trueanomaly.space)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-10128 (GCVE-0-2024-10128)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-18 21:00 – Updated: 2024-10-21 18:03
VLAI
Title
Topdata Inner Rep Plus WebServer td.js.gz risky encryption
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Topdata Inner Rep Plus WebServer 2.01. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file td.js.gz. The manipulation leads to risky cryptographic algorithm. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.280916 vdb-entry
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.280916 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.422604 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Credits
j369 (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-1040 (GCVE-0-2024-1040)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-01 21:41 – Updated: 2025-08-07 18:30
VLAI
Title
Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm in Gessler GmbH WEB-MASTER
Summary
Gessler GmbH WEB-MASTER user account is stored using a weak hashing algorithm. The attacker can restore the passwords by breaking the hashes stored on the device.
CWE
  • CWE-327 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Felix Eberstaller and Nino Fürthauer of Limes Security reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation ID: MIT-24

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
  • For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification [REF-1192].
  • Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
  • Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation ID: MIT-52

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Ensure that the design allows one cryptographic algorithm to be replaced with another in the next generation or version. Where possible, use wrappers to make the interfaces uniform. This will make it easier to upgrade to stronger algorithms. With hardware, design the product at the Intellectual Property (IP) level so that one cryptographic algorithm can be replaced with another in the next generation of the hardware product.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Carefully manage and protect cryptographic keys (see CWE-320). If the keys can be guessed or stolen, then the strength of the cryptography itself is irrelevant.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Industry-standard implementations will save development time and may be more likely to avoid errors that can occur during implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Consider the ESAPI Encryption feature.
Mitigation ID: MIT-25

Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design

Description:

  • When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

CAPEC-608: Cryptanalysis of Cellular Encryption

The use of cryptanalytic techniques to derive cryptographic keys or otherwise effectively defeat cellular encryption to reveal traffic content. Some cellular encryption algorithms such as A5/1 and A5/2 (specified for GSM use) are known to be vulnerable to such attacks and commercial tools are available to execute these attacks and decrypt mobile phone conversations in real-time. Newer encryption algorithms in use by UMTS and LTE are stronger and currently believed to be less vulnerable to these types of attacks. Note, however, that an attacker with a Cellular Rogue Base Station can force the use of weak cellular encryption even by newer mobile devices.

CAPEC-614: Rooting SIM Cards

SIM cards are the de facto trust anchor of mobile devices worldwide. The cards protect the mobile identity of subscribers, associate devices with phone numbers, and increasingly store payment credentials, for example in NFC-enabled phones with mobile wallets. This attack leverages over-the-air (OTA) updates deployed via cryptographically-secured SMS messages to deliver executable code to the SIM. By cracking the DES key, an attacker can send properly signed binary SMS messages to a device, which are treated as Java applets and are executed on the SIM. These applets are allowed to send SMS, change voicemail numbers, and query the phone location, among many other predefined functions. These capabilities alone provide plenty of potential for abuse.

CAPEC-97: Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key (instance deduction). Sometimes the weakness is not in the cryptographic algorithm itself, but rather in how it is applied that makes cryptanalysis successful. An attacker may have other goals as well, such as: Total Break (finding the secret key), Global Deduction (finding a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption that does not require knowledge of the secret key), Information Deduction (gaining some information about plaintexts or ciphertexts that was not previously known) and Distinguishing Algorithm (the attacker has the ability to distinguish the output of the encryption (ciphertext) from a random permutation of bits).

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