CWE-306
Missing Authentication for Critical Function
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
CVE-2026-44211 (GCVE-0-2026-44211)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 16:01 – Updated: 2026-06-01 17:45
VLAI
Title
Cline Kanban Server has a Cross-Origin WebSocket Hijacking Vulnerability
Summary
Cline is an autonomous coding agent as an SDK, IDE extension, or CLI assistant. In versions 2.13.0 and prior, there is a cross-origin WebSocket hijack vulnerability in Cline Kanban servers. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cline/cline/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44320 (GCVE-0-2026-44320)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:48 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:44
VLAI
Title
free5GC: NEF nnef-callback route group is unauthenticated; forged callback requests are accepted into the processing path
Summary
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the nnef-callback route group without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A forged or arbitrary bearer token (e.g. Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token) is enough to reach the SMF-callback handler -- the callback body is parsed and dispatched into NEF business logic instead of being rejected at the auth boundary. Same root cause as the other NEF SBI findings: the route group is mounted without any inbound auth middleware. NEF does not authenticate the producer NF identity before processing callback content; if an attacker can guess or obtain a valid NotifId, this missing auth boundary lets forged callbacks act on real subscription state. The route group is also reachable even when the runtime ServiceList does not declare it (it lists only nnef-pfdmanagement and nnef-oam). This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/860 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/24 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44321 (GCVE-0-2026-44321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:47 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:53
VLAI
Title
free5GC: SMF UPI POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks exits the SMF process on overlapping UE pools (unauthenticated, reachable Fatalf)
Summary
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-controlled JSON and passes it directly into UpNodesFromConfiguration(), which calls logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...) on several validation failures. One confirmed path is the UE-IP-pool overlap check: a single unauthenticated POST that adds a new UPF whose pool overlaps an existing UPF terminates the entire SMF process (docker ps shows Exited (1)), not just the goroutine. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07dda… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44327 (GCVE-0-2026-44327)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:40 – Updated: 2026-05-28 14:40
VLAI
Title
free5GC: NEF nnef-oam route group is unauthenticated; no-token requests reach the OAM handler
Summary
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the nnef-oam route group without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A network attacker who can reach NEF on the SBI can hit the OAM route with no Authorization header at all and the handler returns 200 OK. The current OAM handler is a stub that returns null, but the structural defect is route-group-scoped: the entire OAM route group has no inbound auth middleware, so every future OAM operation added to this group inherits the missing auth boundary by default. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/861 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44328 (GCVE-0-2026-44328)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:39 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:42
VLAI
Title
free5GC: SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating
Summary
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44329 (GCVE-0-2026-44329)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:38 – Updated: 2026-05-28 15:00
VLAI
Title
free5GC: SMF UPI management interface lacks auth middleware; unauthenticated topology read/write requests reach handlers
Summary
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without OAuth2/bearer-token authorization middleware. A network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI can hit UPI endpoints with no Authorization header at all, and the requests reach the SMF business handlers. In the running Docker lab this was directly demonstrated for read (GET /upi/v1/upNodesLinks), write (POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks with attacker-controlled UP-node and link payload), and delete (DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{nodeID}) operations. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/887 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/197 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e23ce97565f… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44338 (GCVE-0-2026-44338)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:35 – Updated: 2026-05-08 14:14
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI ships and generates a legacy API server with authentication disabled by default, allowing unauthenticated workflow execution
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From version 2.5.6 to before version 4.6.34, PraisonAI ships a legacy Flask API server with authentication disabled by default. When that server is used, any caller that can reach it can access /agents and trigger the configured agents.yaml workflow through /chat without providing a token. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.34.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
>= 2.5.6, < 4.6.34
|
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CVE-2026-4436 (GCVE-0-2026-4436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 20:04 – Updated: 2026-04-14 14:04
VLAI
Title
GPL Odorizers GPL750 Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Summary
A low-privileged remote attacker can send Modbus packets to manipulate
register values that are inputs to the odorant injection logic such that
too much or too little odorant is injected into a gas line.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPL Odorizers | GPL750 (XL4) |
Affected:
v1.0 , < v6.0
(custom)
|
|
| GPL Odorizers | GPL750 (XL4 Prime) |
Affected:
v4.0 , < v6.0
(custom)
|
|
| GPL Odorizers | GPL Odorizers GPL750 (XL7) |
Affected:
v13.0 , < v20.0
(custom)
|
|
| GPL Odorizers | GPL Odorizers GPL750 (XL7 Prime) |
Affected:
v18.4 , < v20.0
(custom)
|
Credits
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"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-099-02.json"
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"value": "GPL Odorizers recommends users update to the latest software version of \nthe GPL750 in connection with the latest firmware from Horner Automation\n for the XL4, XL4 Prime, XL7, and XL7 Prime \ndevices.https://lincenergysystems-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/p/h_baer/IgDYaHIhXpyLQJvnKPd6b80TAUgV7Lp8qmVYBFUb0lmr7ak?e=JLeADm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://lincenergysystems-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/p/h_baer/IgDYaHIhXpyLQJvnKPd6b80TAUgV7Lp8qmVYBFUb0lmr7ak?e=JLeADm\" title=\"(opens in a new window)\"\u003ehttps://lincenergysystems-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/p/h_baer/IgDYaHIhXpyLQJvnKPd6b80TAUgV7Lp8qmVYBFUb0lmr7ak?e=JLeADm\u003c/a\u003e"
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"value": "GPL Odorizers recommends users clear the old files from their microSD \ncards, keeping only the LOGS folder and the FIRMWARE.LIC file if they \nhave a WebMI license. The compressed folder downloaded from the link \nabove can then be extracted to the root directory of the microSD card. \nThese files already include the corresponding firmware update. If users \ndo not have IT permissions to access their microSD cards, GPL Odorizers \ncan provide preconfigured SD cards that technicians can simply swap into\n their odorizers prior to installation."
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"value": "Horner Automation offers firmware version 15.76 for their XL Series and \nversion 17.30 for their XL Prime Series controllers. An installation guide\n is available for both the XL series and the XL Prime series.\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://hornerautomation.com/controller-firmware/\" title=\"(opens in a new window)\"\u003ehttps://hornerautomation.com/controller-firmware/\u003c/a\u003e"
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"advisory": "ICSA-26-099-02",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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"title": "GPL Odorizers GPL750 Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
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"datePublished": "2026-04-09T20:04:26.208Z",
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CVE-2026-44460 (GCVE-0-2026-44460)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 16:39 – Updated: 2026-05-28 14:13
VLAI
Title
FileRise: TOTP Bypass via Setup Endpoint Disclosing Existing Secret
Summary
FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.12.0, /api/totp_setup.php is callable from a session that has only passed the password check (state pending_login_user). When the target account already has TOTP configured, the endpoint decrypts and returns the user's existing TOTP secret inside the QR PNG instead of refusing or generating a new secret. An attacker who already possesses the victim's password can therefore retrieve the live TOTP secret, derive a valid one-time code, submit it to /api/totp_verify.php, and obtain a fully authenticated session without ever possessing the victim's authenticator device. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.12.0.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/error311/FileRise/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44592 (GCVE-0-2026-44592)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 18:39 – Updated: 2026-05-16 00:50
VLAI
Title
Gradient: Unauthenticated worker on /proto → arbitrary NAR write / cache poisoning
Summary
Gradient is a nix-based continuous integration system. In 1.1.0, when GRADIENT_DISCOVERABLE=true (the default, and the NixOS module default), anyone who can reach /proto can register as a worker without any credentials by sending a fresh, never-registered worker UUID. The resulting session has PeerAuth::Open, i.e. it sees jobs from every organisation, and can immediately NarPush/NarUploaded arbitrary store paths into nar_storage and the cached_path table. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.1.1.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wavelens/gradient/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.5
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, System Configuration, Operation
Description:
- When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.