CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2020-3381 (GCVE-0-2020-3381)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-16 17:22 – Updated: 2024-11-15 16:52
VLAI
Title
Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Directory Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct directory traversal attacks and obtain read and write access to sensitive files on a targeted system. The vulnerability is due to a lack of proper validation of files that are uploaded to an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading a crafted file to an affected system. An exploit could allow the attacker to view or modify arbitrary files on the targeted system.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco SD-WAN vManage |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-07-15 00:00
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CVE-2020-3401 (GCVE-0-2020-3401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-16 17:22 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:19
VLAI
Title
Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software Path Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct path traversal attacks and obtain read access to sensitive files on an affected system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request that contains directory traversal character sequences to the affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view arbitrary files on the affected system.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco SD-WAN vManage |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-07-15 00:00
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CVE-2020-3440 (GCVE-0-2020-3440)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-08-26 16:16 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:11
VLAI
Title
Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App for Windows Arbitrary File Overwrite Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App for Windows could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on an end-user system. The vulnerability is due to improper validation of URL parameters that are sent from a website to the affected application. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to follow a URL to a website that is designed to submit crafted input to the affected application. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on the affected system, possibly corrupting or deleting critical system files.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Webex Meetings |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-08-19 00:00
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CVE-2020-3490 (GCVE-0-2020-3490)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-08-26 16:16 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:12
VLAI
Title
Cisco Vision Dynamic Signage Director Path Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Vision Dynamic Signage Director could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to conduct directory traversal attacks and obtain read access to sensitive files on an affected system. The vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request that contains directory traversal character sequences to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read files on the underlying operating system with root privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker would need to have administrative privileges on the affected system.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Vision Dynamic Signage Director |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-08-19 00:00
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CVE-2020-3550 (GCVE-0-2020-3550)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-10-21 18:35 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:50
VLAI
Title
Cisco Firepower Management Center Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Directory Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the sfmgr daemon of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform directory traversal and access directories outside the restricted path. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using a relative path in specific sfmgr commands. An exploit could allow the attacker to read or write arbitrary files on an sftunnel-connected peer device.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Management Center |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-10-21 00:00
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CVE-2020-3588 (GCVE-0-2020-3588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-11-06 18:16 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:42
VLAI
Title
Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in virtualization channel messaging in Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App for Windows could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on a targeted system. This vulnerability occurs when this app is deployed in a virtual desktop environment and using virtual environment optimization. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of messages processed by the Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App. A local attacker with limited privileges could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious messages to the affected software by using the virtualization channel interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to modify the underlying operating system configuration, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of a targeted user. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited only when Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App is in a virtual desktop environment on a hosted virtual desktop (HVD) and is configured to use the Cisco Webex Meetings virtual desktop plug-in for thin clients.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-11-04 00:00
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CVE-2020-36321 (GCVE-0-2020-36321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-23 16:05 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:45
VLAI
Title
Directory traversal in development mode handler in Vaadin 14 and 15-17
Summary
Improper URL validation in development mode handler in com.vaadin:flow-server versions 2.0.0 through 2.4.1 (Vaadin 14.0.0 through 14.4.2), and 3.0 prior to 5.0 (Vaadin 15 prior to 18) allows attacker to request arbitrary files stored outside of intended frontend resources folder.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vaadin.com/security/cve-2020-36321 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vaadin/flow/pull/9392 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaadin | Vaadin |
Affected:
14.0.0 , < *
(custom)
|
|
| Vaadin | flow-server |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < *
(custom)
|
Date Public
2020-11-26 00:00
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CVE-2020-36628 (GCVE-0-2020-36628)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-25 10:19 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:30
VLAI
Title
Calsign APDE ZIP File CopyBuildTask.java handleExtract path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Calsign APDE. This affects the function handleExtract of the file APDE/src/main/java/com/calsignlabs/apde/build/dag/CopyBuildTask.java of the component ZIP File Handler. The manipulation leads to path traversal. Upgrading to version 0.5.2-pre2-alpha is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216747.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.216747 | technical-descriptionvdb-entry |
| https://github.com/Calsign/APDE/commit/c6d64cbe46… | mitigation |
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CVE-2020-36629 (GCVE-0-2020-36629)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-25 10:20 – Updated: 2025-04-14 17:27
VLAI
Title
SimbCo httpster server.coffee fs.realpathSync path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SimbCo httpster. This vulnerability affects the function fs.realpathSync of the file src/server.coffee. The manipulation leads to path traversal. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is d3055b3e30b40b65d30c5a06d6e053dffa7f35d0. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216748.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.216748 | technical-descriptionvdb-entry |
| https://github.com/SimbCo/httpster/pull/36 | exploit |
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CVE-2020-36639 (GCVE-0-2020-36639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-04 09:28 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:30
VLAI
Title
AlliedModders AMX Mod X Console Command adminvote.sma cmdVoteMap path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in AlliedModders AMX Mod X on Windows and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function cmdVoteMap of the file plugins/adminvote.sma of the component Console Command Handler. The manipulation of the argument amx_votemap leads to path traversal. The patch is identified as a5f2b5539f6d61050b68df8b22ebb343a2862681. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-217354 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.217354 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217354 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/pull/823 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/commit/a… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlliedModders | AMX Mod X |
Affected:
n/a
|
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217354"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/pull/823"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/commit/a5f2b5539f6d61050b68df8b22ebb343a2862681"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"Console Command Handler"
],
"product": "AMX Mod X",
"vendor": "AlliedModders",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "n/a"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "tool",
"value": "VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in AlliedModders AMX Mod X on Windows and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function cmdVoteMap of the file plugins/adminvote.sma of the component Console Command Handler. The manipulation of the argument amx_votemap leads to path traversal. The patch is identified as a5f2b5539f6d61050b68df8b22ebb343a2862681. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. VDB-217354 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In AlliedModders AMX Mod X f\u00fcr Windows wurde eine kritische Schwachstelle gefunden. Hierbei betrifft es die Funktion cmdVoteMap der Datei plugins/adminvote.sma der Komponente Console Command Handler. Mittels dem Manipulieren des Arguments amx_votemap mit unbekannten Daten kann eine path traversal-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Patch wird als a5f2b5539f6d61050b68df8b22ebb343a2862681 bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird Patching empfohlen."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4.7,
"vectorString": "AV:A/AC:L/Au:M/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22 Path Traversal",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-10-20T13:04:09.599Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217354"
},
{
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217354"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/pull/823"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/alliedmodders/amxmodx/commit/a5f2b5539f6d61050b68df8b22ebb343a2862681"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-01-04T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-01-04T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "CVE reserved"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-01-04T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-01-28T07:46:57.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "AlliedModders AMX Mod X Console Command adminvote.sma cmdVoteMap path traversal"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2020-36639",
"datePublished": "2023-01-04T09:28:10.856Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-01-04T09:27:43.521Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-04T17:30:08.435Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.