CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2018-0123 (GCVE-0-2018-0123)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-02-08 07:00 – Updated: 2024-12-02 21:22
VLAI
Summary
A Path Traversal vulnerability in the diagnostic shell for Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to use certain diagnostic shell commands that can overwrite system files. These system files may be sensitive and should not be able to be overwritten by a user of the diagnostic shell. The vulnerability is due to lack of proper input validation for certain diagnostic shell commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the device, entering the diagnostic shell, and providing crafted user input to commands at the local diagnostic shell CLI. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to overwrite system files that should be restricted. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg41950.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040346 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102967 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Cisco IOS and IOS XE |
Affected:
Cisco IOS and IOS XE
|
Date Public
2018-02-08 00:00
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CVE-2018-0258 (GCVE-0-2018-0258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-02 22:00 – Updated: 2024-11-29 15:12
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the Cisco Prime File Upload servlet affecting multiple Cisco products could allow a remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to any directory of a vulnerable device (aka Path Traversal) and execute those files. This vulnerability affects the following products: Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) Version 10.0 and later, and Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) All versions. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvf32411, CSCvf81727.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104074 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-11 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Cisco Prime File Upload Servlet |
Affected:
Cisco Prime File Upload Servlet
|
Date Public
2018-05-02 00:00
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CVE-2018-0300 (GCVE-0-2018-0300)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-06-21 11:00 – Updated: 2024-11-29 14:59
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the process of uploading new application images to Cisco FXOS on the Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) and Firepower 9300 Security Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker using path traversal techniques to create or overwrite arbitrary files on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation during the application image upload process. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by creating an application image containing malicious code and installing the image on the affected device using the CLI or web-based user interface (web UI). These actions occur prior to signature verification and could allow the attacker to create and execute arbitrary code with root privileges. Note: A missing or invalid signature in the application image will cause the upload process to fail, but does not prevent the exploit. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc21901.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall and Firepower 9300 Security Appliance unknown |
Affected:
Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall and Firepower 9300 Security Appliance unknown
|
Date Public
2018-06-21 00:00
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CVE-2018-0323 (GCVE-0-2018-0323)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2024-11-29 15:08
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web management interface of Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software (NFVIS) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a path traversal attack on a targeted system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of web request parameters. An attacker who has access to the web management interface of the affected application could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious web request to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access sensitive information on the affected system. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvh99631.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104206 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software |
Affected:
Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software
|
Date Public
2018-05-16 00:00
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CVE-2018-0405 (GCVE-0-2018-0405)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-05 17:00 – Updated: 2024-11-26 14:26
VLAI
Title
Cisco RV180W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router Directory Path Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web framework code for Cisco RV180W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router and Small Business RV Series RV220W Wireless Network Security Firewall could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a directory path traversal attack on a targeted device. The issue is due to improper sanitization of user-supplied input in HTTP request parameters that describe filenames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using directory traversal techniques to submit a path to a desired file location.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSC… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco RV180W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2018-10-03 00:00
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CVE-2018-0420 (GCVE-0-2018-0420)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-17 22:00 – Updated: 2024-11-26 14:24
VLAI
Title
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Software Directory Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based interface of Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to view sensitive information. The issue is due to improper sanitization of user-supplied input in HTTP request parameters that describe filenames and pathnames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using directory traversal techniques to submit a path to a desired file location. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view system files on the targeted device, which may contain sensitive information.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105671 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041926 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2018-10-17 00:00
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CVE-2018-0426 (GCVE-0-2018-0426)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-05 14:00 – Updated: 2024-11-26 14:44
VLAI
Title
Cisco RV110W, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Management Interface Directory Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of the Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall, Cisco RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router, and Cisco RV215W Wireless-N VPN Router could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information. The vulnerability is due to improper validation of directory traversal character sequences within the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests to the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain access to arbitrary files on the affected device, resulting in the disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041678 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router Firmware |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2018-09-05 00:00
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CVE-2018-0464 (GCVE-0-2018-0464)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-05 16:00 – Updated: 2024-11-26 14:26
VLAI
Title
Cisco Data Center Network Manager Path Traversal Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Data Center Network Manager software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct directory traversal attacks and gain access to sensitive files on the targeted system. The vulnerability is due to improper validation of user requests within the management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests containing directory traversal character sequences within the management interface. An exploit could allow the attacker to view or create arbitrary files on the targeted system.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041585 | vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK |
| https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-20 | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105159 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Data Center Network Manager |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2018-08-28 00:00
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CVE-2018-1002200 (GCVE-0-2018-1002200)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-25 17:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 12:47
VLAI
Summary
plexus-archiver before 3.6.0 is vulnerable to directory traversal, allowing attackers to write to arbitrary files via a ../ (dot dot slash) in an archive entry that is mishandled during extraction. This vulnerability is also known as 'Zip-Slip'.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://snyk.io/research/zip-slip-vulnerability | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/codehaus-plexus/plexus-archive… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4227 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
| https://github.com/snyk/zip-slip-vulnerability | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGCODEHAUSPLEXUS-31680 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1837 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/codehaus-plexus/plexus-archive… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1836 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codehaus | plexus-archiver |
Affected:
unspecified , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2018-05-31 00:00
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CVE-2018-1002201 (GCVE-0-2018-1002201)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-25 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:14
VLAI
Summary
zt-zip before 1.13 is vulnerable to directory traversal, allowing attackers to write to arbitrary files via a ../ (dot dot slash) in a Zip archive entry that is mishandled during extraction. This vulnerability is also known as 'Zip-Slip'.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://snyk.io/research/zip-slip-vulnerability | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/snyk/zip-slip-vulnerability | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGZEROTURNAROUND-31681 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zeroturnaround/zt-zip/blob/zt-… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zeroturnaround/zt-zip/commit/7… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zeroturnaround | zt-zip |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.13
(custom)
|
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.