CWE-122

Heap-based Buffer Overflow

A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

CVE-2023-21692 (GCVE-0-2023-21692)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:33 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:41
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1547 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 20H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.19042.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22621.1574 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.1265 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.19747 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-02-14 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21694 (GCVE-0-2023-21694)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:33 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:41
VLAI
Title
Windows Fax Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Fax Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1547 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 20H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.19042.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22621.1574 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.1265 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.19747 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-02-14 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21695 (GCVE-0-2023-21695)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:33 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:41
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4010 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1547 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 20H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.19042.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22621.1574 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.1265 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.2604 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.19747 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5717 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.21915 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26366 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24116 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20821 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-02-14 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21727 (GCVE-0-2023-21727)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-11 19:13 – Updated: 2025-01-23 01:04
VLAI
Title
Remote Procedure Call Runtime Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Remote Procedure Call Runtime Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4252 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.4252 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4252 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4252 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1668 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 20H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.19042.2846 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.1817 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.2846 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.1555 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.2846 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.19869 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5850 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5850 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.5850 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22015 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22015 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22015 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26466 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26466 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24216 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24216 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20919 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.20919 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-04-11 07:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21733 (GCVE-0-2023-21733)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:35
VLAI
Title
Windows Bind Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Bind Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1487 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 20H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.19042.2486 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.1455 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.2486 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.2486 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.1105 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-01-10 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21737 (GCVE-0-2023-21737)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-28 21:14
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Visio 2013 Service Pack 1 Affected: 15.0.1 , < 15.0.5519.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Visio 2013 Service Pack 1 Affected: 15.0.1 , < 15.0.5519.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Visio 2016 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.0.5378.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-01-10 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21738 (GCVE-0-2023-21738)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-28 21:14
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-01-10 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21740 (GCVE-0-2023-21740)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-12 18:10 – Updated: 2025-01-01 02:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Media Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Media Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5206 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.5206 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5206 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5206 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2159 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.2652 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19041.3803 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.2861 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.3803 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22621.2861 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.2861 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.584 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26864 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26864 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24614 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24614 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21715 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21715 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-12-12 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21780 (GCVE-0-2023-21780)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:36
VLAI
Title
3D Builder Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
3D Builder Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft 3D Builder Affected: 20.0.0 , < 20.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-01-11 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-21781 (GCVE-0-2023-21781)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-01 00:36
VLAI
Title
3D Builder Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
3D Builder Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft 3D Builder Affected: 20.0.0 , < 20.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-01-10 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation

Phases:

Description:

  • Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10

Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11

Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation

Phase: Operation

Description:

  • Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

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