CWE-120
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVE-2023-22652 (GCVE-0-2023-22652)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-01 11:51 – Updated: 2025-05-13 00:11
VLAI
Title
Stack buffer overflow in "read_file" function
Summary
A Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in openSUSE libeconf leads to DoS via malformed config files.
This issue affects libeconf: before 0.5.2.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
Credits
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CVE-2023-22661 (GCVE-0-2023-22661)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-10 13:17 – Updated: 2025-01-27 18:03
VLAI
Summary
Buffer overflow in some Intel(R) Server Board BMC firmware before version 2.90 may allow a privileged user to enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- escalation of privilege
- CWE-120 - Buffer overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Intel(R) Server Board BMC firmware |
Affected:
before version 2.90
|
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CVE-2023-22741 (GCVE-0-2023-22741)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-19 21:20 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:21
VLAI
Title
heap-over-flow in stun_parse_attribute in sofia-sip
Summary
Sofia-SIP is an open-source SIP User-Agent library, compliant with the IETF RFC3261 specification. In affected versions Sofia-SIP **lacks both message length and attributes length checks** when it handles STUN packets, leading to controllable heap-over-flow. For example, in stun_parse_attribute(), after we get the attribute's type and length value, the length will be used directly to copy from the heap, regardless of the message's left size. Since network users control the overflowed length, and the data is written to heap chunks later, attackers may achieve remote code execution by heap grooming or other exploitation methods. The bug was introduced 16 years ago in sofia-sip 1.12.4 (plus some patches through 12/21/2006) to in tree libs with git-svn-id: http://svn.freeswitch.org/svn/freeswitch/trunk@3774 d0543943-73ff-0310-b7d9-9358b9ac24b2. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/freeswitch/sofia-sip/commit/da… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5410 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| freeswitch | sofia-sip |
Affected:
< 1.13.11
|
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CVE-2023-22745 (GCVE-0-2023-22745)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-19 22:12 – Updated: 2025-11-21 19:10
VLAI
Title
Buffer Overlow in TSS2_RC_Decode in tpm2-tss
Summary
tpm2-tss is an open source software implementation of the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2 Software Stack (TSS2). In versions prior to 4.1.0-rc0, 4.0.1, and 3.2.2-rc1, `Tss2_RC_SetHandler` and `Tss2_RC_Decode` both index into `layer_handler` with an 8 bit layer number, but the array only has `TPM2_ERROR_TSS2_RC_LAYER_COUNT` entries, so trying to add a handler for higher-numbered layers or decode a response code with such a layer number reads/writes past the end of the buffer. This Buffer overrun, could result in arbitrary code execution. An example attack would be a MiTM bus attack that returns 0xFFFFFFFF for the RC. Given the common use case of TPM modules an attacker must have local access to the target machine with local system privileges which allows access to the TPM system. Usually TPM access requires administrative privilege. Versions 4.1.0-rc0, 4.0.1, and 3.2.2-rc1 fix the issue.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tss/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tss/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tss/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tss/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tpm2-software | tpm2-tss |
Affected:
< 4.0.1
Affected: < 3.2.2-rc0 |
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CVE-2023-22915 (GCVE-0-2023-22915)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-24 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-12 16:22
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the “fbwifi_forward.cgi” CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.35, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, and VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, which could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause DoS conditions by sending a crafted HTTP request if the Facebook WiFi function were enabled on an affected device.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
Affected:
4.50 through 5.35
|
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX 50(W) firmware |
Affected:
4.30 through 5.35
|
|
| Zyxel | USG20(W)-VPN firmware |
Affected:
4.30 through 5.35
|
|
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
Affected:
4.30 through 5.35
|
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CVE-2023-22917 (GCVE-0-2023-22917)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-24 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-12 16:02
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the “sdwan_iface_ipc” binary of Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 5.10 through 5.32, USG FLEX series firmware versions 5.00 through 5.32, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 5.10 through 5.32, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 5.10 through 5.32, and VPN series firmware versions 5.00 through 5.35, which could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a core dump with a request error message on a vulnerable device by uploading a crafted configuration file.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
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|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | ATP series firmware |
Affected:
5.10 through 5.32
|
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
Affected:
5.00 through 5.32
|
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX 50(W) firmware |
Affected:
5.10 through 5.32
|
|
| Zyxel | USG20(W)-VPN firmware |
Affected:
5.10 through 5.32
|
|
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
Affected:
5.00 through 5.35
|
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CVE-2023-22922 (GCVE-0-2023-22922)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-01 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-30 16:48
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zyxel NBG-418N v2 firmware versions prior to V1.00(AARP.14)C0 could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause DoS conditions by sending crafted packets if Telnet is enabled on a vulnerable device.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | NBG-418N v2 firmware |
Affected:
< V1.00(AARP.14)C0
|
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CVE-2023-22924 (GCVE-0-2023-22924)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-01 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-30 16:47
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zyxel NBG-418N v2 firmware versions prior to V1.00(AARP.14)C0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker with administrator privileges to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions by executing crafted CLI commands on a vulnerable device.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | NBG-418N v2 firmware |
Affected:
< V1.00(AARP.14)C0
|
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CVE-2023-23363 (GCVE-0-2023-23363)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-22 03:50 – Updated: 2024-09-24 18:10
VLAI
Title
QTS
Summary
A buffer copy without checking size of input vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP operating system. If exploited, the vulnerability possibly allows remote users to execute code via unspecified vectors.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
4.3.* , < 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621
(custom)
Affected: 4.3.* , < 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 (custom) Affected: 4.2.* , < 4.2.6 build 20230621 (custom) Affected: 4.3.* , < 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 (custom) Unaffected: 4.5.* Unaffected: 5.*.* |
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CVE-2023-23364 (GCVE-0-2023-23364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-22 03:51 – Updated: 2024-09-24 18:09
VLAI
Title
Multimedia Console
Summary
A buffer copy without checking size of input vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP operating systems. If exploited, the vulnerability possibly allows remote users to execute code via unspecified vectors.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
Multimedia Console 2.1.1 ( 2023/03/29 ) and later
Multimedia Console 1.4.7 ( 2023/03/20 ) and later
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | Multimedia Console |
Affected:
2.1.* , < 2.1.1 ( 2023/03/29 )
(custom)
Affected: 1.4.* , < 1.4.7 ( 2023/03/20 ) (custom) |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-3
Phase: Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-9
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation ID: MIT-12
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Phases: Build and Compilation, Operation
Description:
- Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-13
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.