CWE-115
Misinterpretation of Input
The product misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.
CVE-2025-55303 (GCVE-0-2025-55303)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 18:08 – Updated: 2025-08-19 20:50
VLAI
Title
Unauthorized third-party images in Astro’s _image endpoint
Summary
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions of astro before 5.13.2 and 4.16.18, the image optimization endpoint in projects deployed with on-demand rendering allows images from unauthorized third-party domains to be served. On-demand rendered sites built with Astro include an /_image endpoint which returns optimized versions of images. A bug in impacted versions of astro allows an attacker to bypass the third-party domain restrictions by using a protocol-relative URL as the image source, e.g. /_image?href=//example.com/image.png. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.13.2 and 4.16.18.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/4d16de7… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-55303",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-19T20:49:42.803973Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T20:50:34.071Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-xf8x-j4p2-f749"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "astro",
"vendor": "withastro",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 5.0.0-alpha.0, \u003c 5.13.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 4.16.18"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions of astro before 5.13.2 and 4.16.18, the image optimization endpoint in projects deployed with on-demand rendering allows images from unauthorized third-party domains to be served. On-demand rendered sites built with Astro include an /_image endpoint which returns optimized versions of images. A bug in impacted versions of astro allows an attacker to bypass the third-party domain restrictions by using a protocol-relative URL as the image source, e.g. /_image?href=//example.com/image.png. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.13.2 and 4.16.18."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-115",
"description": "CWE-115: Misinterpretation of Input",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T18:08:00.244Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-xf8x-j4p2-f749",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-xf8x-j4p2-f749"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/4d16de7f95db5d1ec1ce88610d2a95e606e83820",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/4d16de7f95db5d1ec1ce88610d2a95e606e83820"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xf8x-j4p2-f749",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Unauthorized third-party images in Astro\u2019s _image endpoint"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-55303",
"datePublished": "2025-08-19T18:08:00.244Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-12T16:15:30.238Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T20:50:34.071Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-5747 (GCVE-0-2025-5747)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-06 15:53
VLAI
Title
WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger MCU Command Parsing Misinterpretation of Input Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger MCU Command Parsing Misinterpretation of Input Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installatons of WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of command frames received by the MCU. When parsing frames, the process does not properly detect the start of a frame, which can lead to misinterpretation of input. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26501.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-115 - Misinterpretation of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WOLFBOX | Level 2 EV Charger |
Affected:
3.1.17 (main), 1.2.6 (MCU)
|
Date Public
2025-06-06 15:28
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-5747",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-06T15:53:08.383122Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:53:13.993Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Level 2 EV Charger",
"vendor": "WOLFBOX",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.17 (main), 1.2.6 (MCU)"
}
]
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2025-06-05T20:45:21.172Z",
"datePublic": "2025-06-06T15:28:28.531Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger MCU Command Parsing Misinterpretation of Input Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installatons of WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of command frames received by the MCU. When parsing frames, the process does not properly detect the start of a frame, which can lead to misinterpretation of input. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26501."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-115",
"description": "CWE-115: Misinterpretation of Input",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:30:59.842Z",
"orgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"shortName": "zdi"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-25-326",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-326/"
}
],
"source": {
"lang": "en",
"value": "PHP Hooligans"
},
"title": "WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger MCU Command Parsing Misinterpretation of Input Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"assignerShortName": "zdi",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-5747",
"datePublished": "2025-06-06T15:30:59.842Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-05T20:45:21.121Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:53:13.993Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-5826 (GCVE-0-2025-5826)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 18:00 – Updated: 2025-06-26 13:18
VLAI
Title
Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial ble_process_esp32_msg Misinterpretation of Input Vulnerability
Summary
Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial ble_process_esp32_msg Misinterpretation of Input Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to inject arbitrary AT commands on affected installations of Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial charging stations. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the ble_process_esp32_msg function. The issue results from misinterpretation of input data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute AT commands in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26368.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-115 - Misinterpretation of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autel | Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial |
Affected:
1.36.00
|
Date Public
2025-06-11 17:27
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-5826",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-26T13:18:29.924076Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-26T13:18:35.182Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial",
"vendor": "Autel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.36.00"
}
]
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2025-06-06T19:16:55.452Z",
"datePublic": "2025-06-11T17:27:21.049Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial ble_process_esp32_msg Misinterpretation of Input Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to inject arbitrary AT commands on affected installations of Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial charging stations. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the ble_process_esp32_msg function. The issue results from misinterpretation of input data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute AT commands in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26368."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-115",
"description": "CWE-115: Misinterpretation of Input",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-25T18:00:38.520Z",
"orgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"shortName": "zdi"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-25-345",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-345/"
}
],
"source": {
"lang": "en",
"value": "Quarkslab"
},
"title": "Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial ble_process_esp32_msg Misinterpretation of Input Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"assignerShortName": "zdi",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-5826",
"datePublished": "2025-06-25T18:00:38.520Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-06T19:16:55.415Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-26T13:18:35.182Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-68113 (GCVE-0-2025-68113)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 00:53 – Updated: 2025-12-16 21:14
VLAI
Title
ALTCHA Proof-of-Work Vulnerable to Challenge Splicing and Replay
Summary
ALTCHA is privacy-first software for captcha and bot protection. A cryptographic semantic binding flaw in ALTCHA libraries allows challenge payload splicing, which may enable replay attacks. The HMAC signature does not unambiguously bind challenge parameters to the nonce, allowing an attacker to reinterpret a valid proof-of-work submission with a modified expiration value. This may allow previously solved challenges to be reused beyond their intended lifetime, depending on server-side replay handling and deployment assumptions. The vulnerability primarily impacts abuse-prevention mechanisms such as rate limiting and bot mitigation. It does not directly affect data confidentiality or integrity. This issue has been addressed by enforcing explicit semantic separation between challenge parameters and the nonce during HMAC computation. Users are advised to upgrade to patched versions, which include version 1.0.0 of the altcha Golang package, version 1.0.0 of the altcha Rubygem, version 1.0.0 of the altcha pip package, version 1.0.0 of the altcha Erlang package, version 1.4.1 of the altcha-lib npm package, version 1.3.1 of the altcha-org/altcha Composer package, and version 1.3.0 of the org.altcha:altcha Maven package. As a mitigation, implementations may append a delimiter to the end of the `salt` value prior to HMAC computation (for example, `<salt>?expires=<time>&`). This prevents ambiguity between parameters and the nonce and is backward-compatible with existing implementations, as the delimiter is treated as a standard URL parameter separator.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-ex/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-go/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rb/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/commit/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/rel… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/rele… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| altcha-org | altcha-lib |
Affected:
< 1.4.1
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-68113",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-16T21:13:57.662095Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T21:14:09.436Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "altcha-lib",
"vendor": "altcha-org",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.4.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "ALTCHA is privacy-first software for captcha and bot protection. A cryptographic semantic binding flaw in ALTCHA libraries allows challenge payload splicing, which may enable replay attacks. The HMAC signature does not unambiguously bind challenge parameters to the nonce, allowing an attacker to reinterpret a valid proof-of-work submission with a modified expiration value. This may allow previously solved challenges to be reused beyond their intended lifetime, depending on server-side replay handling and deployment assumptions. The vulnerability primarily impacts abuse-prevention mechanisms such as rate limiting and bot mitigation. It does not directly affect data confidentiality or integrity. This issue has been addressed by enforcing explicit semantic separation between challenge parameters and the nonce during HMAC computation. Users are advised to upgrade to patched versions, which include version 1.0.0 of the altcha Golang package, version 1.0.0 of the altcha Rubygem, version 1.0.0 of the altcha pip package, version 1.0.0 of the altcha Erlang package, version 1.4.1 of the altcha-lib npm package, version 1.3.1 of the altcha-org/altcha Composer package, and version 1.3.0 of the org.altcha:altcha Maven package. As a mitigation, implementations may append a delimiter to the end of the `salt` value prior to HMAC computation (for example, `\u003csalt\u003e?expires=\u003ctime\u003e\u0026`). This prevents ambiguity between parameters and the nonce and is backward-compatible with existing implementations, as the delimiter is treated as a standard URL parameter separator."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-115",
"description": "CWE-115: Misinterpretation of Input",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-347",
"description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T00:53:59.401Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/security/advisories/GHSA-6gvq-jcmp-8959",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/security/advisories/GHSA-6gvq-jcmp-8959"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-ex/commit/09b2bad466ad0338a5b24245380950ea9918333e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-ex/commit/09b2bad466ad0338a5b24245380950ea9918333e"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-go/commit/4a5610745ef79895a67bac858b2e4f291c2614b8",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-go/commit/4a5610745ef79895a67bac858b2e4f291c2614b8"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/commit/69277651fdd6418ae10bf3a088901506f9c62114",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/commit/69277651fdd6418ae10bf3a088901506f9c62114"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/commit/9e9e70c864a9db960d071c77c778be0c9ff1a4d0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/commit/9e9e70c864a9db960d071c77c778be0c9ff1a4d0"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rb/commit/4fd7b64cbbfc713f3ca4e066c2dd466e3b8d359b",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rb/commit/4fd7b64cbbfc713f3ca4e066c2dd466e3b8d359b"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/commit/cb95d83a8d08e273b6be15e48988e7eaf60d5c08",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/commit/cb95d83a8d08e273b6be15e48988e7eaf60d5c08"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/releases/tag/v1.3.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java/releases/tag/v1.3.0"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/releases/tag/v1.3.1",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php/releases/tag/v1.3.1"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/releases/tag/1.4.1",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib/releases/tag/1.4.1"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-6gvq-jcmp-8959",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "ALTCHA Proof-of-Work Vulnerable to Challenge Splicing and Replay"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-68113",
"datePublished": "2025-12-16T00:53:59.401Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-15T14:44:59.221Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-16T21:14:09.436Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.