CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XW4M-J84H-5G2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:27A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the install functionality of OS4Ed openSIS 7.4. The password variable which is set at line 122 in install/Step5.php allows for injection of PHP code into the Data.php file that it writes. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-01T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the install functionality of OS4Ed openSIS 7.4. The password variable which is set at line 122 in install/Step5.php allows for injection of PHP code into the Data.php file that it writes. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-xw4m-j84h-5g2x",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:27:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:27:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XW88-2QQF-J4GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:31 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:31PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in upload/common/footer.php in Ossigeno CMS 2.2 alpha3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the level parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5234"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-10-05T23:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in upload/common/footer.php in Ossigeno CMS 2.2 alpha3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the level parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-xw88-2qqf-j4gv",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nicenamecrew.com/exploits/Ossigeno-script.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25924"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XW8F-MR3M-9H4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31HMS Networks Ewon Flexy with firmware before 15.0s4, Cosy+ with firmware 22.xx before 22.1s6, and Cosy+ with firmware 23.xx before 23.0s3 have improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command allowing remote code execution by attackers with low privilege access on the gateway, provided the attacker has credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HMS Networks Ewon Flexy with firmware before 15.0s4, Cosy+ with firmware 22.xx before 22.1s6, and Cosy+ with firmware 23.xx before 23.0s3 have improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command allowing remote code execution by attackers with low privilege access on the gateway, provided the attacker has credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-xw8f-mr3m-9h4c",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hmsnetworks.blob.core.windows.net/nlw/docs/default-source/products/cybersecurity/security-advisory/hms-security-advisory-2026-03-09-001---ewon-several-flexy-and-cosy--vulnerabilities.pdf?sfvrsn=f7c027b8_13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/flexy20500-00ma-ewon-flexy-205"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XWGQ-WPMW-6MRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:09PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in eva/index.php in EVA CMS 2.3.1, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the eva[caminho] parameter to index.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-7183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-09-08T23:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in eva/index.php in EVA CMS 2.3.1, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the eva[caminho] parameter to index.php.",
"id": "GHSA-xwgq-wpmw-6mrx",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:09:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:09:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-7183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstorm.linuxsecurity.com/0806-exploits/evacms-rfi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29954"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XWP5-MJFV-75PJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-31 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-31 00:30AirControl 1.4.2 contains a pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through malicious Java expression injection. Attackers can exploit the /.seam endpoint by crafting a specially constructed URL with embedded Java expressions to run commands with the application's system privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-37052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-30T23:16:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "AirControl 1.4.2 contains a pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through malicious Java expression injection. Attackers can exploit the /.seam endpoint by crafting a specially constructed URL with embedded Java expressions to run commands with the application\u0027s system privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-xwp5-mjfv-75pj",
"modified": "2026-01-31T00:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-01-31T00:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-37052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ui.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/aircontrol-preauth-remote-code-execution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XWRV-8P5W-52HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-22 15:34A vulnerability in Vtiger CRM Open Source Edition v8.3.0 allows an attacker with admin privileges to execute arbitrary PHP code by exploiting the ZIP import functionality in the Module Import feature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45753"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T21:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Vtiger CRM Open Source Edition v8.3.0 allows an attacker with admin privileges to execute arbitrary PHP code by exploiting the ZIP import functionality in the Module Import feature.",
"id": "GHSA-xwrv-8p5w-52hj",
"modified": "2025-05-22T15:34:48Z",
"published": "2025-05-21T21:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45753"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.simonjuguna.com/cve-2025-45753-authenticated-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-vtiger-open-source-edition-v8-3-0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XWWX-P8GV-WF69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-02 00:00LRM utilizes elevated privileges. An unauthenticated malicious actor can upload and execute code remotely at the operating system level, which can allow an attacker to change settings, configurations, software, or access sensitive data on the affected produc. An attacker could also exploit this vulnerability to access APIs not intended for general use and interact through the network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "LRM utilizes elevated privileges. An unauthenticated malicious actor can upload and execute code remotely at the operating system level, which can allow an attacker to change settings, configurations, software, or access sensitive data on the affected produc. An attacker could also exploit this vulnerability to access APIs not intended for general use and interact through the network.",
"id": "GHSA-xwwx-p8gv-wf69",
"modified": "2022-07-02T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-06-25T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-153-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XWXX-V4G2-Q5P4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-10 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 09:30The azurecurve Shortcodes in Comments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.2. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2809"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-10T07:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The azurecurve Shortcodes in Comments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.2. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
"id": "GHSA-xwxx-v4g2-q5p4",
"modified": "2025-04-10T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-04-10T09:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/azurecurve-shortcodes-in-comments/trunk/azurecurve-shortcodes-in-comments.php#L35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/azurecurve-shortcodes-in-comments/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/22cc6da1-fd22-4b2a-90ab-24086879f0f6?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XX3C-WW24-2PGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-03 00:00Template injection (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine) vulnerability in a-blog cms Ver.2.8.x series versions prior to Ver.2.8.75, Ver.2.9.x series versions prior to Ver.2.9.40, Ver.2.10.x series versions prior to Ver.2.10.44, Ver.2.11.x series versions prior to Ver.2.11.42, and Ver.3.0.x series versions prior to Ver.3.0.1 allows a remote authenticated attacker to obtain an arbitrary file on the server via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Template injection (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine) vulnerability in a-blog cms Ver.2.8.x series versions prior to Ver.2.8.75, Ver.2.9.x series versions prior to Ver.2.9.40, Ver.2.10.x series versions prior to Ver.2.10.44, Ver.2.11.x series versions prior to Ver.2.11.42, and Ver.3.0.x series versions prior to Ver.3.0.1 allows a remote authenticated attacker to obtain an arbitrary file on the server via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-xx3c-ww24-2pgq",
"modified": "2022-03-03T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-02-25T00:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.a-blogcms.jp/blog/news/security-202202.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN14706307/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XX3F-8QWX-W9MH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:38 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:36The (1) av-centerd SOAP service and (2) backup command in the ossim-framework service in AlienVault OSSIM before 4.6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-08-21T14:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The (1) av-centerd SOAP service and (2) backup command in the ossim-framework service in AlienVault OSSIM before 4.6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-xx3f-8qwx-w9mh",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:36:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:38:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://forums.alienvault.com/discussion/2559/security-advisory-multiple-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-14-272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-14-273"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.