CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VR4R-48MR-4G42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:10 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:10PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in plume cms 1.0.4 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the _PX_config[manager_path] parameter to (1) index.php, (2) rss.php, or (3) search.php, a different set of vectors and versions than CVE-2006-2645 and CVE-2006-0725.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-3562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-07-13T01:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in plume cms 1.0.4 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the _PX_config[manager_path] parameter to (1) index.php, (2) rss.php, or (3) search.php, a different set of vectors and versions than CVE-2006-2645 and CVE-2006-0725.",
"id": "GHSA-vr4r-48mr-4g42",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:10:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:10:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-3562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/1220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1016426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/438948/100/100/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18780"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VR7G-CXMJ-9864
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-14 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-26 18:33Redaxo v5.15.1 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component /pages/templates.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-14T19:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Redaxo v5.15.1 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component /pages/templates.php.",
"id": "GHSA-vr7g-cxmj-9864",
"modified": "2024-04-26T18:33:41Z",
"published": "2024-02-14T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WoodManGitHub/MyCVEs/blob/main/2024-REDAXO/RCE.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/evildrummer/MyOwnCVEs/tree/main/CVE-2021-39459"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VR88-2HV2-5JVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 00:30 – Updated: 2025-05-12 18:31This High severity RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability was introduced in version 5.2 of Confluence Data Center and Server.
This RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 8.3, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and requires no user interaction.
Atlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center and Server customers upgrade to latest version. If you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions. See the release notes https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html
You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center and Server from the download center https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives.
This vulnerability was found internally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21683"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T23:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This High severity RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability was introduced in version 5.2 of Confluence Data Center and Server.\n\nThis RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 8.3, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and requires no user interaction.\u00a0\n\nAtlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center and Server customers upgrade to latest version. If you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions. See the release notes https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html\n\nYou can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center and Server from the download center https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives.\n\nThis vulnerability was found internally.",
"id": "GHSA-vr88-2hv2-5jvf",
"modified": "2025-05-12T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T00:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1387867145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1409286211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-95832"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VRCF-R5FX-PG4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:27 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:27Unspecified vulnerability in Mail in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted file:// URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0039"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-02-12T20:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Mail in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted file:// URL.",
"id": "GHSA-vrcf-r5fx-pg4p",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:27:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:27:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=307430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2008/Feb/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-043B.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0495/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VRF9-HHR9-Q6M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:12 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:12PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in smf.php in the SMF-Forum 1.3.1.3 Bridge Component (com_smf) For Joomla! and Mambo 4.5.3+ allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the mosConfig_absolute_path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-3773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-07-24T12:19:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in smf.php in the SMF-Forum 1.3.1.3 Bridge Component (com_smf) For Joomla! and Mambo 4.5.3+ allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the mosConfig_absolute_path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-vrf9-hhr9-q6m4",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:12:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:12:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-3773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://forum.mamboserver.com/showthread.php?t=83001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2846"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VRGP-X938-X8RC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:29 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:29PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in admin.slideshow1.php in the Flash Slide Show (com_slideshow) component for Joomla! allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the mosConfig_live_site parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-09-24T22:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in admin.slideshow1.php in the Flash Slide Show (com_slideshow) component for Joomla! allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the mosConfig_live_site parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-vrgp-x938-x8rc",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:29:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:29:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/38157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25760"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VRGW-PC9C-QRRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 19:54 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:54Impact
Within Umbraco Forms, configuring a malicious URL on the Webservice data source can result in Remote Code Execution. This affects all Umbraco Forms versions running on .NET Framework (up to and including version 8).
Patches
The affected Umbraco Forms versions are all End-of-Life (EOL) and not supported anymore, hence no patches will be released. Upgrading to any of the currently supported versions (v13, v16 or v17) is recommended.
Workarounds
If none of the configured Forms data sources uses the Webservice type, it can be safely excluded by adding the following code to the application. This will completely remove the option to select/use this data source within the Backoffice and thereby mitigate the vulnerability.
using Umbraco.Core.Composing;
using Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers;
using Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers.DatasourceTypes;
internal sealed class RemoveFormsWebserviceDataSourceTypeComposer : IUserComposer
{
public void Compose(Composition composition)
=> composition.WithCollectionBuilder<DataSourceCollectionBuilder>().Exclude<Webservice>();
}
Any Webservice data source that is configured and still in use should be replaced with a custom implementation instead, before applying the above code. If this is not feasible, the vulnerability can be minimized by revoking the 'Manage Data Sources' from any non-administrator user and/or inheriting from the default Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers.DatasourceTypes.Webservice class and overriding the ValidateSettings() method to ensure only trusted URLs can be used.
References
When upgrading to a supported version, please take the Forms version specific upgrade notes into account and check the CMS upgrade documentation. Content and schema can also be migrated straight to the latest version using Deploy export/import with migrations.
Implementation details on data sources are not extensively documented, but they follow the general Forms provider model and inherit from Umbraco.Forms.Core.FormDataSource.
A special thanks to Piotr Bazydlo (@chudyPB) of watchTowr for finding and disclosing this vulnerability
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "UmbracoForms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "8.13.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-829",
"CWE-915",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-13T19:54:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T19:16:18Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWithin Umbraco Forms, configuring a malicious URL on the Webservice data source can result in Remote Code Execution. This affects all Umbraco Forms versions running on .NET Framework (up to and including version 8).\n\n### Patches\nThe affected Umbraco Forms versions are all End-of-Life (EOL) and not supported anymore, hence no patches will be released. Upgrading to any of the currently supported versions (v13, v16 or v17) is recommended.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf none of the configured Forms data sources uses the Webservice type, it can be safely excluded by adding the following code to the application. This will completely remove the option to select/use this data source within the Backoffice and thereby mitigate the vulnerability.\n\n```c#\nusing Umbraco.Core.Composing;\nusing Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers;\nusing Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers.DatasourceTypes;\n\ninternal sealed class RemoveFormsWebserviceDataSourceTypeComposer : IUserComposer\n{\n public void Compose(Composition composition)\n =\u003e composition.WithCollectionBuilder\u003cDataSourceCollectionBuilder\u003e().Exclude\u003cWebservice\u003e();\n}\n```\n\nAny Webservice data source that is configured and still in use should be replaced with a custom implementation instead, before applying the above code. If this is not feasible, the vulnerability can be minimized by revoking the \u0027Manage Data Sources\u0027 from any non-administrator user and/or inheriting from the default `Umbraco.Forms.Core.Providers.DatasourceTypes.Webservice` class and overriding the `ValidateSettings()` method to ensure only trusted URLs can be used.\n\n### References\nWhen upgrading to a supported version, please take the Forms [version specific upgrade notes](https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-forms/13.latest/upgrading/version-specific) into account and check the [CMS upgrade documentation](https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-cms/13.latest/fundamentals/setup/upgrading). Content and schema can also be migrated straight to the latest version using [Deploy export/import with migrations](https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-deploy/13.latest/deployment-workflow/import-export).\n\nImplementation details on data sources are not extensively documented, but they follow the general Forms [provider model](https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-forms/13.latest/developer/extending/adding-a-type) and inherit from `Umbraco.Forms.Core.FormDataSource`.\n\nA special thanks to Piotr Bazydlo (@chudyPB) of watchTowr for finding and disclosing this vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-vrgw-pc9c-qrrc",
"modified": "2026-01-16T21:54:55Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T19:54:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/umbraco/Umbraco.Forms.Issues/security/advisories/GHSA-vrgw-pc9c-qrrc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68924"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vrgw-pc9c-qrrc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/umbraco/Umbraco.Forms.Issues"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://our.umbraco.com/packages/developer-tools/umbraco-forms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nuget.org/packages/UmbracoForms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "UmbracoForms Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Untrusted WSDL Compilation in Dynamic SOAP Client Generation"
}
GHSA-VRM6-C878-FPQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-26 20:52 – Updated: 2023-10-26 20:52There is a Code Injection Vulnerability in Mail Form to baserCMS.
Target
baserCMS 4.7.6 and earlier versions
Vulnerability
Malicious code may be executed in Mail Form Feature.
Countermeasures
Update to the latest version of baserCMS
Please refer to the following page to reference for more information. https://basercms.net/security/JVN_45547161
Credits
Shiga Takuma@BroadBand Security, Inc
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "baserproject/basercms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.6.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.7.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43792"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T20:52:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T21:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is a Code Injection Vulnerability in Mail Form to baserCMS.\n\n### Target\nbaserCMS 4.7.6 and earlier versions\n\n### Vulnerability\nMalicious code may be executed in Mail Form Feature.\n\n### Countermeasures\nUpdate to the latest version of baserCMS\n\nPlease refer to the following page to reference for more information.\nhttps://basercms.net/security/JVN_45547161\n\n### Credits\nShiga Takuma@BroadBand Security, Inc\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-vrm6-c878-fpq6",
"modified": "2023-10-26T20:52:27Z",
"published": "2023-10-26T20:52:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/security/advisories/GHSA-vrm6-c878-fpq6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://basercms.net/security/JVN_45547161"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "baserCMS Code Injection Vulnerability in Mail Form Feature"
}
GHSA-VRP2-J6JV-565C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:32 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:53The RV30 codec in RealNetworks RealPlayer before 15.0.0 and Mac RealPlayer before 12.0.0.1703 does not initialize an unspecified index value, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-4256"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-11-24T11:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The RV30 codec in RealNetworks RealPlayer before 15.0.0 and Mac RealPlayer before 12.0.0.1703 does not initialize an unspecified index value, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-vrp2-j6jv-565c",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:53:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://service.real.com/realplayer/security/11182011_player/en"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VRPW-H28P-3RFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:47 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:47The framework/Util/lib/Horde/Variables.php script in the Util library in Horde before 5.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via a crafted serialized object in the _formvars form.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-1691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-01T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The framework/Util/lib/Horde/Variables.php script in the Util library in Horde before 5.1.1 allows remote attackers to conduct object injection attacks and execute arbitrary PHP code via a crafted serialized object in the _formvars form.",
"id": "GHSA-vrpw-h28p-3rfp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:47:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:47:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/horde/horde/commit/da6afc7e9f4e290f782eca9dbca794f772caccb3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/horde/horde/blob/82c400788537cfc0106b68447789ff53793ac086/bundles/groupware/docs/CHANGES#L215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-2853"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.