Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PFHJ-RW8H-88JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 18:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Johnson Controls Frick Controls Quantum HD allows Code Injection. Insufficient validation of input in certain parameters may permit unexpected actions, which could impact the security of the device before authentication occurs.This issue affects Frick Controls Quantum HD version 10.22 and prior.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21657"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T09:16:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Johnson Controls Frick Controls Quantum HD allows Code Injection.\u00a0Insufficient validation of input in certain parameters may permit unexpected actions, which could impact the security of the device before authentication occurs.This issue affects Frick Controls Quantum HD version 10.22 and prior.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfhj-rw8h-88jh",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T18:31:41Z",
  "published": "2026-02-27T09:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFJH-MW5X-C628

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:12 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:12
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in (1) admin.php, and possibly (2) details.php, (3) modify.php, (4) newgroup.php, (5) newtask.php, and (6) rss.php, in MoSpray (aka com_mospray) 1.8 RC1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the basedir parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-3847"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-07-25T23:04:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in (1) admin.php, and possibly (2) details.php, (3) modify.php, (4) newgroup.php, (5) newtask.php, and (6) rss.php, in MoSpray (aka com_mospray) 1.8 RC1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the basedir parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfjh-mw5x-c628",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T07:12:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T07:12:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-3847"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27917"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://kurdishsecurity.blogspot.com/2006/07/kurdish-security-14-mospray-basedir.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/440939/100/200/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/19122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2932"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PFPR-3463-C6JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-09 21:55 – Updated: 2025-04-04 21:59
VLAI
Summary
ruby-git has potential remote code execution vulnerability
Details

The git gem, between versions 1.2.0 and 1.12.0, incorrectly parsed the output of the git ls-files command using eval() to unescape quoted file names. If a file name was added to the git repository contained special characters, such as \n, then the git ls-files command would print the file name in quotes and escape any special characters. If the Git#ls_files method encountered a quoted file name it would use eval() to unquote and unescape any special characters, leading to potential remote code execution. Version 1.13.0 of the git gem was released which correctly parses any quoted file names.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "git"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46648"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-09T21:55:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-17T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The git gem, between versions 1.2.0 and 1.12.0, incorrectly parsed the output of the `git ls-files` command using `eval()` to unescape quoted file names. If a file name was added to the git repository contained special characters, such as `\\n`, then the `git ls-files` command would print the file name in quotes and escape any special characters. If the `Git#ls_files` method encountered a quoted file name it would use `eval()` to unquote and unescape any special characters, leading to potential remote code execution. Version 1.13.0 of the git gem was released which correctly parses any quoted file names.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfpr-3463-c6jh",
  "modified": "2025-04-04T21:59:57Z",
  "published": "2023-01-09T21:55:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46648"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/pull/602"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/releases/tag/v1.13.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/git/CVE-2022-46648.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN16765254/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00043.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ruby-git has potential remote code execution vulnerability"
}

GHSA-PFRW-7RXM-J92H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-17 00:31 – Updated: 2025-07-17 00:31
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow exists in Achat v0.150 in its default configuration. By sending a specially crafted message to the UDP port 9256, an attacker can overwrite the structured exception handler (SEH) due to insufficient bounds checking on user-supplied input leading to remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34127"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T22:15:24Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow exists in Achat v0.150 in its default configuration. By sending a specially crafted message to the UDP port 9256, an attacker can overwrite the structured exception handler (SEH) due to insufficient bounds checking on user-supplied input leading to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfrw-7rxm-j92h",
  "modified": "2025-07-17T00:31:26Z",
  "published": "2025-07-17T00:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/misc/achat_bof.rb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/achat-seh-buffer-overflow"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFV3-RMQ3-8HRQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-23 18:30 – Updated: 2025-03-23 18:30
VLAI
Details

No cwe for this issue in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-29806"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-843",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-23T17:15:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "No cwe for this issue in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfv3-rmq3-8hrq",
  "modified": "2025-03-23T18:30:28Z",
  "published": "2025-03-23T18:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-29806"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PG2W-HCM2-5FWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:44 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:33
VLAI
Details

The File Gallery plugin before 1.7.9.2 for WordPress does not properly escape strings, which allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary PHP code via a \' (backslash quote) in the setting fields to /wp-admin/options-media.php, related to the create_function function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-2558"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-05-06T14:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The File Gallery plugin before 1.7.9.2 for WordPress does not properly escape strings, which allows remote administrators to execute arbitrary PHP code via a \\\u0027 (backslash quote) in the setting fields to /wp-admin/options-media.php, related to the create_function function.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg2w-hcm2-5fww",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:33:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:44:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2558"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Apr/305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wordpress.org/plugins/file-gallery/changelog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PG36-PGM7-PX54

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-15 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-22 21:31
VLAI
Details

Directory Traversal vulnerability in flusity CMS v.2.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and obtain sensitive information via the download_backup.php component.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25502"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-15T20:15:45Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Directory Traversal vulnerability in flusity CMS v.2.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and obtain sensitive information via the download_backup.php component.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg36-pgm7-px54",
  "modified": "2024-08-22T21:31:27Z",
  "published": "2024-02-15T21:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25502"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/flusity/flusity-CMS/issues/10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PG7C-9R48-8CQG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-01 00:01
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Simple Ads Manager Plugin. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack can be initiated remotely.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20095"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Simple Ads Manager Plugin. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack can be initiated remotely.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg7c-9r48-8cqg",
  "modified": "2022-07-01T00:01:15Z",
  "published": "2022-06-25T00:01:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.97372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Feb/80"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PG83-MCCM-RMCQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:43 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:43
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in rsgallery2.html.php in the RS Gallery2 component (com_rsgallery2) 1.11.2 for Joomla! allows attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the mosConfig_absolute_path parameter. NOTE: this issue may overlap CVE-2006-5047.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-6962"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-01-29T16:28:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in rsgallery2.html.php in the RS Gallery2 component (com_rsgallery2) 1.11.2 for Joomla! allows attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the mosConfig_absolute_path parameter.  NOTE: this issue may overlap CVE-2006-5047.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg83-mccm-rmcq",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T07:43:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T07:43:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1959"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18705"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2581"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PG9P-RCWH-5GV5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:50
VLAI
Details

Checkmarx CxSAST (formerly CxSuite) before 7.1.8 allows remote authenticated users to bypass the CxQL sandbox protection mechanism and execute arbitrary C# code by asserting the (1) System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState.Unrestricted or (2) System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermissionFlag.AllFlags permission.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-8778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-09-16T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Checkmarx CxSAST (formerly CxSuite) before 7.1.8 allows remote authenticated users to bypass the CxQL sandbox protection mechanism and execute arbitrary C# code by asserting the (1) System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState.Unrestricted or (2) System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermissionFlag.AllFlags permission.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg9p-rcwh-5gv5",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:50:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:50:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/133437/Checkmarx-CxQL-7.1.5-Sandbox-Bypass.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Sep/17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/536387/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.