Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8285 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-JH93-948W-RCM2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:11 – Updated: 2025-04-03 03:34
VLAI
Details

The "download behavior" in Internet Explorer 5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a server-side redirect.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-1999-0891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "1999-09-01T04:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The \"download behavior\" in Internet Explorer 5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a server-side redirect.",
  "id": "GHSA-jh93-948w-rcm2",
  "modified": "2025-04-03T03:34:41Z",
  "published": "2022-04-30T18:11:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-1999-0891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/1999/ms99-040"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb%3B%5BLN%5D%3BQ242542"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;[LN];Q242542"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/k-002.shtml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/37828"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/11274"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/674"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-JHJC-PP6W-63X8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 12:31 – Updated: 2025-02-18 12:31
VLAI
Details

The PressMart - Modern Elementor WooCommerce WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.16. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13797"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T11:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The PressMart - Modern Elementor WooCommerce WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.16. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhjc-pp6w-63x8",
  "modified": "2025-02-18T12:31:18Z",
  "published": "2025-02-18T12:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://themeforest.net/item/pressmart-modern-elementor-woocommerce-wordpress-theme/39241221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/24aa6c0b-88bc-4c3e-ada7-2e89d84bdfc3?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JHJG-8MCJ-CVJP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 18:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Johnson Controls Frick Controls Quantum HD allows Code Injection. Insufficient validation of input in certain parameters may permit unexpected actions, which could impact the security of the device before authentication occurs.This issue affects Frick Controls Quantum HD version 10.22 and prior.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T09:16:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Johnson Controls Frick Controls Quantum HD allows Code Injection.\u00a0Insufficient validation of input in certain parameters may permit unexpected actions, which could impact the security of the device before authentication occurs.This issue affects Frick Controls Quantum HD version 10.22 and prior.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhjg-8mcj-cvjp",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T18:31:41Z",
  "published": "2026-02-27T09:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JHM7-38XJ-PVM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:45 – Updated: 2023-02-07 18:24
VLAI
Summary
Cobbler is vulnerable to code injection
Details

template_api.py in Cobbler before 2.0.7, as used in Red Hat Network Satellite Server and other products, does not disable the ability of the Cheetah template engine to execute Python statements contained in templates, which allows remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary code via a crafted kickstart template file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-6954.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cobbler"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-2235"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-07T18:24:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-12-09T20:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "template_api.py in Cobbler before 2.0.7, as used in Red Hat Network Satellite Server and other products, does not disable the ability of the Cheetah template engine to execute Python statements contained in templates, which allows remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary code via a crafted kickstart template file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-6954.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhm7-38xj-pvm8",
  "modified": "2023-02-07T18:24:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:45:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2010:0775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2010-2235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=607662"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://people.fedoraproject.org/~shenson/cobbler/cobbler-2.0.8.tar.gz"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2010-0775.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Cobbler is vulnerable to code injection "
}

GHSA-JHRQ-83MG-J8C8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2024-10-17 21:31
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by attempting to access an undefined memory location, aka "insertAdjacentText Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-1879"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-06-12T22:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by attempting to access an undefined memory location, aka \"insertAdjacentText Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-jhrq-83mg-j8c8",
  "modified": "2024-10-17T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:07:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1879"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-037"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15588"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-164A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JHV9-PF4Q-QVW6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:05 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:05
VLAI
Details

The Red Hat CloudForms Management Engine 5.1 allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary Ruby code via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-4172"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-08-23T16:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Red Hat CloudForms Management Engine 5.1 allow remote administrators to execute arbitrary Ruby code via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhv9-pf4q-qvw6",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:05:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:05:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2013:1487"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013:1157"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-4172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=988644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1157.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-JHVH-MJFG-5M99

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-02-12 11:30
VLAI
Summary
Magento 2 Community Edition RCE Vulnerability
Details

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Magento 2.1 prior to 2.1.18, Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.9, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.2. An authenticated user with admin privileges to email templates can execute arbitrary code by previewing a malicious template.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-7903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-17T20:25:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Magento 2.1 prior to 2.1.18, Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.9, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.2. An authenticated user with admin privileges to email templates can execute arbitrary code by previewing a malicious template.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhvh-mjfg-5m99",
  "modified": "2024-02-12T11:30:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:52:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/magento/product-community-edition/CVE-2019-7903.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://magento.com/security/patches/magento-2.3.2-2.2.9-and-2.1.18-security-update-13"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211206084839/https://magento.com/security/patches/magento-2.3.2-2.2.9-and-2.1.18-security-update-13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Magento 2 Community Edition RCE Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-JHWV-H83W-79M9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-10 15:30 – Updated: 2023-04-14 06:30
VLAI
Details

The JetEngine WordPress plugin before 3.1.3.1 includes uploaded files without adequately ensuring that they are not executable, leading to a remote code execution vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1406"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-10T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The JetEngine WordPress plugin before 3.1.3.1 includes uploaded files without adequately ensuring that they are not executable, leading to a remote code execution vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-jhwv-h83w-79m9",
  "modified": "2023-04-14T06:30:16Z",
  "published": "2023-04-10T15:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2a81b6b1-2339-4889-9c28-1af133df8b65"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJ42-9W8M-9979

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-18 00:31 – Updated: 2024-10-21 00:30
VLAI
Details

MariaDB v10.5 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26785"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-17T22:15:02Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "MariaDB v10.5 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj42-9w8m-9979",
  "modified": "2024-10-21T00:30:54Z",
  "published": "2024-10-18T00:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ant1sec-ops/CVE-2023-26785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2012/Dec/39"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJ7X-VC24-MQ4R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43
VLAI
Details

Nagios XI below 5.7 is affected by code injection in the /nagiosxi/admin/graphtemplates.php component. To exploit this vulnerability, someone must have an admin user account in Nagios XI's web system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3273"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-25T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Nagios XI below 5.7 is affected by code injection in the /nagiosxi/admin/graphtemplates.php component. To exploit this vulnerability, someone must have an admin user account in Nagios XI\u0027s web system.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj7x-vc24-mq4r",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:43:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3273"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/leommxj/93edce6f8572cefe79a3d7da4389374e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nagios.com/downloads/nagios-xi/change-log"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.