Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8890 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GCVE-1-2026-20176 (CVE-2026-81662)
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-27 10:22 – Updated: 2026-08-27 11:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowintel Alert Settings Configuration Allows Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary Configuration Keys
Summary
Affected versions of Flowintel improperly trust configuration keys supplied to the alerts settings update endpoint. While configuration values were normalized to Python literals, the corresponding keys were used directly when constructing and replacing lines in conf/config_module.py.
The vulnerable code used requester-controlled keys in both the regular expression and the generated assignment:
f'{key} = {py_val}'
and appended an assignment if the key was not already present. The modified Python configuration module was subsequently reloaded using importlib.reload(). This creates a code-generation boundary in which specially crafted configuration keys can alter the Python source structure and result in execution of attacker-controlled Python statements.
Version impacted >=3.3.0
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flowintel/flowintel/commit/d36… | patch |
Impacted products
Relationships
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GCVE-1-2026-20144 (CVE-2026-81743)
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-27 11:59 – Updated: 2026-08-27 11:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flowintel Arbitrary Log File Path Allows Remote Code Execution via Template Injection
Summary
Affected versions of Flowintel allow the LOG_FILE configuration value to be modified through system settings without restricting it to a filename inside the intended log directory.
Because the application constructs the log destination from this configurable value, an administrator could set LOG_FILE to an arbitrary filesystem path. Since attackers can influence logged content, this enables controlled data to be written into unintended files. The upstream commit specifically describes an exploitation chain in which an attacker injects a template into a chosen file and subsequently abuses application rendering behavior to execute code.
The patch removes LOG_FILE from the web-editable settings, introduces validate_log_file_name() to reject absolute paths, traversal, Windows paths, null bytes, and directory components, and centralizes log path construction through resolve_log_file_path().
Version impacted: >=3.3.0
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flowintel/flowintel/commit/137… | patch |
Impacted products
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GCVE-1-2026-20134 (CVE-2026-56446)
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-06-22 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 05:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary NDJSON Error Log Path in MISP
Summary
MISP allowed a site administrator to configure an arbitrary filesystem path for the NDJSON error log used by JsonLogTool. Because log entries can include attacker-controlled content, an authenticated attacker with site administrator privileges could direct log output to a PHP file in a web-accessible directory and inject PHP code through logged data. Accessing the resulting file could lead to remote code execution with the privileges of the web server process.
The fix restricts log destinations to existing directories beneath APP/tmp/logs or /var/log, requires absolute paths, rejects stream wrappers and traversal-related input, and limits filenames to .log or .ndjson extensions while disallowing executable extension segments.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9600d486ccfc9… | patch |
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CVE-2026-20045 (GCVE-0-2026-20045)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 16:26 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Unified Communications Products Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM), Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME), Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service (Unified CM IM&P), Cisco Unity Connection, and Cisco Webex Calling Dedicated Instance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a sequence of crafted HTTP requests to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain user-level access to the underlying operating system and then elevate privileges to root.
Note: Cisco has assigned this security advisory a Security Impact Rating (SIR) of Critical rather than High as the score indicates. The reason is that exploitation of this vulnerability could result in an attacker elevating privileges to root.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 04:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/c… | |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Communications Manager |
Affected:
12.5(1)SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7a Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a Affected: 15 Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 14SU4a Affected: 15SU1a Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 Affected: 15SU2 Affected: 15.0.1.13010-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13011-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13012-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13013-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13014-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13015-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13016-1 Affected: 15.0.1.13017-1 Affected: 15SU3a |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service |
Affected:
12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 14SU2a Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 15 Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 Affected: 15SU2 Affected: 15SU3 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unity Connection |
Affected:
12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU4 Affected: 14 Affected: 12.5(1)SU5 Affected: 14SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU6 Affected: 14SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU7 Affected: 14SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)SU8 Affected: 14SU3a Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a Affected: 15 Affected: 15SU1 Affected: 14SU4 Affected: 12.5(1)SU9 Affected: 15SU2 Affected: 15SU3 |
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CVE-2026-19998 (GCVE-0-2026-19998)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 07:15 – Updated: 2026-08-18 13:37 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
code-projects Online Shopping System offersmail.php cross site scripting
Summary
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Online Shopping System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file offersmail.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument email can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 13:30 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391199 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391199/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19998 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/871816 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/zzzxc643/CVE1/blob/main/online… | exploit |
| https://code-projects.org/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| code-projects | Online Shopping System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:online_shopping_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-19995 (GCVE-0-2026-19995)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 06:30 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Webkul Bagisto RMA Message send-message cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Webkul Bagisto up to 2.4.4. This affects an unknown part of the file /customer/account/rma/send-message of the component RMA Message Handler. This manipulation of the argument Message causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor confirms: "The reported issues were already identified through our internal security assessment process prior to this notification and are being handled through our established internal security and development lifecycle. Some of these items have already been addressed, while the remaining items are planned for resolution in upcoming product releases."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 15:22 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391196 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391196/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19995 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/870356 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Mitchell45/PHP_Web_POCs/blob/m… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-19980 (GCVE-0-2026-19980)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 03:45 – Updated: 2026-08-19 14:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GL.iNet XE3000 Language Update ui.update_langs code injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. Affected by this issue is the function ui.update_langs of the component Language Update. Performing a manipulation of the argument hour/min/week results in code injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The vendor explains: "After our investigation, we have confirmed that the vulnerability described (...) does indeed exist."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 14:51 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391162 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391162/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19980 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/873916 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gl-inet/CVE-issues/blob/main/4… | patch |
Impacted products
17 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GL.iNet | A1300 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:a1300:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | AX1800 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:ax1800:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | AXT1800 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:axt1800:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | BE1400 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:be1400:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | BE3600 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:be3600:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | BE6500 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:be6500:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | BE9300 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:be9300:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | BE10000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:be10000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | E5800 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:e5800:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | MT2500 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:mt2500:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | MT3000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:mt3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | MT3600BE |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:mt3600be:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | MT5000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:mt5000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | MT6000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:mt6000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | X2000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:x2000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | X3000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:x3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| GL.iNet | XE3000 |
Affected:
4.0
Affected: 4.1 Affected: 4.2 Affected: 4.3 Affected: 4.4 Affected: 4.5 Affected: 4.6 Affected: 4.7 Affected: 4.8 cpe:2.3:a:gl.inet:xe3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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{
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],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "GLiNet (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A security flaw has been discovered in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. Affected by this issue is the function ui.update_langs of the component Language Update. Performing a manipulation of the argument hour/min/week results in code injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The vendor explains: \"After our investigation, we have confirmed that the vulnerability described (...) does indeed exist.\""
}
],
"metrics": [
{
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X",
"version": "4.0"
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:R",
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}
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CVE-2026-19964 (GCVE-0-2026-19964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 23:45 – Updated: 2026-08-18 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jij-Inc Jij-MCP-Server jm_check python_repr.py PythonREPL.run code injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Jij-Inc Jij-MCP-Server 0.1.0. This affects the function PythonREPL.run of the file jij_mcp/python_repr.py of the component jm_check. The manipulation of the argument code results in code injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 13:24 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391141 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391141/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19964 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/872906 | third-party-advisory |
| http://github.com/Jij-Inc/Jij-MCP-Server/issues/4 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jij-Inc | Jij-MCP-Server |
Affected:
0.1.0
cpe:2.3:a:jij-inc:jij-mcp-server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-19958 (GCVE-0-2026-19958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 22:15 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
iatsiuk pptr-mcp execute Tool vm-executor.ts executeCode code injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in iatsiuk pptr-mcp up to 0.2.7. The impacted element is the function executeCode of the file src/vm-executor.ts of the component execute Tool. The manipulation results in code injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 15:24 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391135 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391135/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19958 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/872830 | third-party-advisory |
| http://github.com/iatsiuk/pptr-mcp/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-19932 (GCVE-0-2026-19932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 04:15 – Updated: 2026-08-18 14:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DefaultFuction Notice-System-Managent NoticeController execute GroovyShell.evaluate code injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in DefaultFuction Notice-System-Managent 2.0. This issue affects the function GroovyShell.evaluate of the file /execute of the component NoticeController. The manipulation results in code injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project confirms, that "it’s being processed".
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 14:02 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/390703 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/390703/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19932 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/872648 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/DefaultFuction/Notice-System-M… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/DefaultFuction/Notice-System-M… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DefaultFuction | Notice-System-Managent |
Affected:
2.0
cpe:2.3:a:defaultfuction:notice-system-managent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"name": "VDB-390703 | DefaultFuction Notice-System-Managent NoticeController execute GroovyShell.evaluate code injection",
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/390703"
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{
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{
"name": "Submit #872648 | DefaultFuction Notice System Managent V2.0 Code Injection",
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/DefaultFuction/Notice-System-Managent/issues/1"
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"time": "2026-08-15T02:00:00.000Z",
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"time": "2026-08-15T14:10:53.000Z",
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"title": "DefaultFuction Notice-System-Managent NoticeController execute GroovyShell.evaluate code injection",
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-19932",
"datePublished": "2026-08-16T04:15:09.312Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-15T12:05:40.253Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-18T14:02:43.322Z",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.