CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FV59-6VGM-W859
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:41Schannel in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted packets, aka "Microsoft Schannel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6321"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-11-11T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Schannel in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted packets, aka \"Microsoft Schannel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fv59-6vgm-w859",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:41:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.beyondtrust.com/triggering-ms14-066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=142384364031268\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/59800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/505120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitysift.com/exploiting-ms14-066-cve-2014-6321-aka-winshock"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA14-318A"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FV7C-FP4J-7GWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 20:34 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:28Impact
Using Babel to compile code that was specifically crafted by an attacker can cause Babel to generate output code that executes arbitrary code.
Known affected plugins are:
- @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs
- @babel/preset-env when using the modules: "systemjs" option, as it delegates to @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs
No other plugins under the @babel namespace are impacted.
Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.
Patches
The vulnerability has been fixed in @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs@7.29.4.
Babel also released @babel/preset-env@7.29.5, updating its @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs dependency, to simplify forcing the update if you are using @babel/preset-env directly.
Workarounds
- Pin
@babel/parserto v7.11.5. The downgrade will completely disable string module name parsing, but it would also disable other new language features and the build pipeline may fail as a result. Only do so if you are working on a legacy codebase and can not upgrade@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjsto v7.29.4. - Do not use the
modules: "systemjs"option, migrate the codebase to native ES Modules or any other module formats.
Credits
Babel thanks Daniel Cervera for reporting the vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.29.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.12.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.29.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.0-alpha.12"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-alpha.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.0-alpha.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44728"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-843",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T20:34:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T18:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nUsing Babel to compile code that was specifically crafted by an attacker can cause Babel to generate output code that executes arbitrary code.\n\nKnown affected plugins are:\n- `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs`\n- `@babel/preset-env` when using the [`modules: \"systemjs\"` option](https://babel.dev/docs/babel-preset-env#modules), as it delegates to `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs`\n\nNo other plugins under the `@babel` namespace are impacted.\n\n**Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.**\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been fixed in `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs@7.29.4`.\n\nBabel also released `@babel/preset-env@7.29.5`, updating its `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs` dependency, to simplify forcing the update if you are using `@babel/preset-env` directly.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Pin `@babel/parser` to v7.11.5. The downgrade will completely disable string module name parsing, but it would also disable other new language features and the build pipeline may fail as a result. Only do so if you are working on a legacy codebase and can not upgrade `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs` to v7.29.4.\n- Do not use the `modules: \"systemjs\"` option, migrate the codebase to native ES Modules or any other module formats.\n\n### Credits\nBabel thanks Daniel Cervera for reporting the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:28:08Z",
"published": "2026-05-08T20:34:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44728"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/babel/babel"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs generates arbitrary code when compiling malicious input"
}
GHSA-FVC3-RJ7W-M3HP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:26 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:26The QuickTime Movie Parser Filter in quartz.dll in DirectShow in Microsoft DirectX 7.0 through 9.0c on Windows 2000 SP4, Windows XP SP2 and SP3, and Windows Server 2003 SP2 does not properly validate unspecified size fields in QuickTime media files, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file, aka "DirectX Size Validation Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-1539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-07-15T15:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The QuickTime Movie Parser Filter in quartz.dll in DirectShow in Microsoft DirectX 7.0 through 9.0c on Windows 2000 SP4, Windows XP SP2 and SP3, and Windows Server 2003 SP2 does not properly validate unspecified size fields in QuickTime media files, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file, aka \"DirectX Size Validation Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fvc3-rj7w-m3hp",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:26:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:26:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2009/ms09-028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/55845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-195A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1886"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FVFH-8MJ3-23XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:53 – Updated: 2025-03-13 19:15Jenkins before 1.583 and LTS before 1.565.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet to the CLI channel.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.566"
},
{
"fixed": "1.583"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.565.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3666"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-13T19:15:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-16T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins before 1.583 and LTS before 1.565.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet to the CLI channel.",
"id": "GHSA-fvfh-8mj3-23xj",
"modified": "2025-03-13T19:15:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:53:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/be195b0e19343bff6d966029d8eea99b2c039c32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0070"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/SECURITY/Jenkins+Security+Advisory+2014-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins allows for Code Execution via Crafted Packet to the CLI"
}
GHSA-FVFR-2WJ6-CPJW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:06PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in mw_plugin.php in Open Web Analytics (OWA) 1.2.3, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled and register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the IP parameter. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-2677"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-07-08T22:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in mw_plugin.php in Open Web Analytics (OWA) 1.2.3, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled and register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the IP parameter. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-fvfr-2wj6-cpjw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:06:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:06:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2677"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/57241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/63288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/1003-exploits/owa123-lfirfi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/39153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ITSecTeam.com/en/vulnerabilities/vulnerability26.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/11903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwebanalytics.com/?p=87"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FVGJ-385W-GH3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:10In JetBrains YouTrack Confluence plugin versions before 1.8.1.3, it was possible to achieve Server Side Template Injection. The attacker could add an Issue macro to the page in Confluence, and use a combination of a valid id field and specially crafted code in the link-text-template field to execute code remotely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-03T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In JetBrains YouTrack Confluence plugin versions before 1.8.1.3, it was possible to achieve Server Side Template Injection. The attacker could add an Issue macro to the page in Confluence, and use a combination of a valid id field and specially crafted code in the link-text-template field to execute code remotely.",
"id": "GHSA-fvgj-385w-gh3j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:10:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2019/06/19/jetbrains-security-bulletin-q1-2019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVH3-672C-7P6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 06:31 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:44In Spring AI, a SpEL injection vulnerability exists in SimpleVectorStore when a user-supplied value is used as a filter expression key. A malicious actor could exploit this to execute arbitrary code. Only applications that use SimpleVectorStore and pass user-supplied input as a filter expression key are affected.
This issue affects Spring AI: from 1.0.0 before 1.0.5, from 1.1.0 before 1.1.4.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.ai:spring-ai-vector-store"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.ai:spring-ai-vector-store"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.1.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88",
"CWE-917",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-29T15:31:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T06:16:37Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Spring AI, a SpEL injection vulnerability exists in\u00a0SimpleVectorStore\u00a0when a user-supplied value is used as a filter expression key. A malicious actor could exploit this to execute arbitrary code.\u00a0Only applications that use\u00a0SimpleVectorStore\u00a0and pass user-supplied input as a filter expression key are affected.\n\nThis issue affects Spring AI: from 1.0.0 before 1.0.5, from 1.1.0 before 1.1.4.",
"id": "GHSA-fvh3-672c-7p6c",
"modified": "2026-05-13T13:44:15Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T06:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/commit/ba9220b22383e430d5f801ce8e4fa01cf9e75f29"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/releases/tag/v1.0.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/releases/tag/v1.1.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-22738"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Spring AI: SpEL injection is triggered when a user-supplied value is used as a filter expression key"
}
GHSA-FVHQ-WRC7-3PHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:03Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0088, CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0092, and CVE-2015-0093.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-0091"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-03-11T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka \"Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0088, CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0092, and CVE-2015-0093.",
"id": "GHSA-fvhq-wrc7-3phf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:03:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:03:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-0091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2015/ms15-021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031889"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FVM8-P9V4-FPVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Azure Monitor Agent allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper control of generation of code (\u0027code injection\u0027) in Azure Monitor Agent allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.",
"id": "GHSA-fvm8-p9v4-fpvh",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47988"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVMG-RXW4-V65C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:01A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Beekeeper Studio v3.2.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload injected into the display fields.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26174"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-21T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Beekeeper Studio v3.2.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload injected into the display fields.",
"id": "GHSA-fvmg-rxw4-v65c",
"modified": "2022-03-30T00:01:17Z",
"published": "2022-03-23T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beekeeper-studio/beekeeper-studio/issues/1051"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.