Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-943
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.
158 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-76327 (GCVE-0-2026-76327)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-26 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SPL Injection through Splunk Web in Splunk Secure Gateway
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, and Splunk Secure Gateway versions below 3.10.9, 3.9.23, and 3.8.70, an unauthenticated user could trick a user who holds the "admin" or "sc_admin" Splunk roles into opening a crafted Splunk Web Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The resulting dashboard searches could run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) commands with the permissions available to the affected user. The commands could expose all relevant data available to that user and affect search results or lookup data. The vulnerability is possible because Splunk Secure Gateway dashboards do not correctly neutralize caller-supplied values before using them in dashboard searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 14:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.4 , < 10.4.2
(custom)
Affected: 10.2 , < 10.2.6 (custom) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.9 (custom) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.14 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Secure Gateway |
Affected:
3.10 , < 3.10.9
(custom)
Affected: 3.9 , < 3.9.23 (custom) Affected: 3.8 , < 3.8.70 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-76327",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-26T14:49:27.829816Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T15:22:21.208Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"Splunk Secure Gateway"
],
"product": "Splunk Enterprise",
"vendor": "Splunk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.4",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.2.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.2",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.0.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "9.4.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Splunk Secure Gateway",
"vendor": "Splunk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.10.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.10",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.9.23",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.9",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.8.70",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.8",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, and Splunk Secure Gateway versions below 3.10.9, 3.9.23, and 3.8.70, an unauthenticated user could trick a user who holds the \"admin\" or \"sc_admin\" Splunk roles into opening a crafted Splunk Web Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The resulting dashboard searches could run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) commands with the permissions available to the affected user. The commands could expose all relevant data available to that user and affect search results or lookup data. The vulnerability is possible because Splunk Secure Gateway dashboards do not correctly neutralize caller-supplied values before using them in dashboard searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will."
}
],
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, and Splunk Secure Gateway versions below 3.10.9, 3.9.23, and 3.8.70, an unauthenticated user could trick a user who holds the \"admin\" or \"sc_admin\" Splunk roles into opening a crafted Splunk Web Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The resulting dashboard searches could run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) commands with the permissions available to the affected user. The commands could expose all relevant data available to that user and affect search results or lookup data. The vulnerability is possible because Splunk Secure Gateway dashboards do not correctly neutralize caller-supplied values before using them in dashboard searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T21:34:31.028Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2026-0801"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade Splunk Enterprise to versions 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, or higher."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "SVD-2026-0801"
},
"title": "SPL Injection through Splunk Web in Splunk Secure Gateway",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade Splunk Secure Gateway to versions 3.10.9, 3.9.23, and 3.8.70, or higher. If you can not upgrade Splunk Enterprise or Splunk Secure Gateway, turn off or remove the Splunk Secure Gateway app. See [Manage app and add-on objects](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/admin-manual/10.2/meet-splunk-apps/manage-app-and-add-on-objects) in the Splunk documentation. Note: Splunk Mobile, Spacebridge, and Mission Control rely on functionality in the Splunk Secure Gateway app. If you do not use any of these apps, features, or functionality, as a potential mitigation, you may turn off or remove the app."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76327",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T21:34:31.028Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-19T12:02:03.626Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T15:22:21.208Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-76320 (GCVE-0-2026-76320)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-26 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SPL Injection through Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the Event Type Builder in Splunk Web for Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user could cause an authenticated user to run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) searches on their behalf through the Event Type Builder. This could expose all relevant data and stored credentials. The vulnerability is possible when the Event Type Builder accepts cross-site request input and retains SPL-affecting values while building sample event searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see Automatically find and build event types (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/9.0/event-types/automatically-find-and-build-event-types) in the Splunk documentation.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 14:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.4 , < 10.4.2
(custom)
Affected: 10.2 , < 10.2.6 (custom) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.9 (custom) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.14 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-76320",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-26T14:49:20.810627Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T15:22:47.119Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Splunk Enterprise",
"vendor": "Splunk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.4",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.2.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.2",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.0.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "9.4.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user could cause an authenticated user to run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) searches on their behalf through the Event Type Builder. This could expose all relevant data and stored credentials. The vulnerability is possible when the Event Type Builder accepts cross-site request input and retains SPL-affecting values while building sample event searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see [Automatically find and build event types](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/9.0/event-types/automatically-find-and-build-event-types) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user could cause an authenticated user to run arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) searches on their behalf through the Event Type Builder. This could expose all relevant data and stored credentials. The vulnerability is possible when the Event Type Builder accepts cross-site request input and retains SPL-affecting values while building sample event searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the affected user by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see Automatically find and build event types (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/9.0/event-types/automatically-find-and-build-event-types) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T21:34:26.745Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2026-0801"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade Splunk Enterprise to versions 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, or higher."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "SVD-2026-0801"
},
"title": "SPL Injection through Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the Event Type Builder in Splunk Web for Splunk Enterprise",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The vulnerability affects instances with Splunk Web turned on. Turning Splunk Web off is a possible workaround. See [Disable unnecessary Splunk Enterprise components](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.2/install-splunk-enterprise-securely/disable-unnecessary-splunk-enterprise-components) and the [web.conf](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/admin-manual/10.2/configuration-file-reference/10.2.0-configuration-file-reference/web.conf) configuration specification file for more information on turning off Splunk Web."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76320",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T21:34:26.745Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-19T12:02:03.625Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T15:22:47.119Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-76316 (GCVE-0-2026-76316)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-27 16:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stored SPL Injection through Deployment Server Broker Registration in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.1, 10.2.5, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user who can reach the Splunk management port could store a Search Processing Language (SPL) pipeline that runs when an administrator opens the Add Data forwarder workflow. The SPL pipeline could access all relevant data, affect system integrity, and affect availability of the Splunk platform instance. The SPL injection is possible because Deployment Server client identifiers are placed into dispatched searches without neutralizing special characters. Successful exploitation requires an administrator to open the affected Add Data forwarder workflow after the unauthenticated user registers a crafted Deployment Server client identity. For more information see Forward data (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/get-started/get-data-in/10.2/how-to-get-data-into-your-splunk-deployment/forward-data) and About agent management (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/update-your-deployment/10.4/agent-management/about-agent-management) in the Splunk documentation.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 03:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.4 , < 10.4.1
(custom)
Affected: 10.2 , < 10.2.5 (custom) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.9 (custom) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.14 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-76316",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-21T03:56:48.478514Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T16:24:56.752Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Splunk Enterprise",
"vendor": "Splunk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.4",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.2.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.2",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.0.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "9.4.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.1, 10.2.5, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user who can reach the Splunk management port could store a Search Processing Language (SPL) pipeline that runs when an administrator opens the Add Data forwarder workflow. The SPL pipeline could access all relevant data, affect system integrity, and affect availability of the Splunk platform instance. The SPL injection is possible because Deployment Server client identifiers are placed into dispatched searches without neutralizing special characters. Successful exploitation requires an administrator to open the affected Add Data forwarder workflow after the unauthenticated user registers a crafted Deployment Server client identity. For more information see [Forward data](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/get-started/get-data-in/10.2/how-to-get-data-into-your-splunk-deployment/forward-data) and [About agent management](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/update-your-deployment/10.4/agent-management/about-agent-management) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.1, 10.2.5, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, an unauthenticated user who can reach the Splunk management port could store a Search Processing Language (SPL) pipeline that runs when an administrator opens the Add Data forwarder workflow. The SPL pipeline could access all relevant data, affect system integrity, and affect availability of the Splunk platform instance. The SPL injection is possible because Deployment Server client identifiers are placed into dispatched searches without neutralizing special characters. Successful exploitation requires an administrator to open the affected Add Data forwarder workflow after the unauthenticated user registers a crafted Deployment Server client identity. For more information see Forward data (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/get-started/get-data-in/10.2/how-to-get-data-into-your-splunk-deployment/forward-data) and About agent management (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/update-your-deployment/10.4/agent-management/about-agent-management) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T21:34:24.389Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2026-0801"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade Splunk Enterprise to versions 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, or higher."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "SVD-2026-0801"
},
"title": "Stored SPL Injection through Deployment Server Broker Registration in Splunk Enterprise"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76316",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T21:34:24.389Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-19T12:02:03.625Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T16:24:56.752Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-76254 (GCVE-0-2026-76254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-27 16:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SPL Command Safeguards Bypass through Splunk Web in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, 9.4.14, and 9.3.14, an unauthenticated user could cause another user to dispatch arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) pipelines from Dataset Explorer with the same privileges as that user, which can allow for access to all relevant data and system integrity available to that user and affect system availability. The vulnerability is possible because Dataset Explorer does not validate or escape dataset names before building SPL searches and does not apply SPL safeguards for risky commands to those searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the user by tricking them into opening the crafted link. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see Explore a dataset (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/10.4/manage-and-explore-datasets/explore-a-dataset) and SPL safeguards for risky commands (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.4/best-practices-for-splunk-platform-security/spl-safeguards-for-risky-commands) in the Splunk documentation.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 03:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.4 , < 10.4.2
(custom)
Affected: 10.2 , < 10.2.6 (custom) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.9 (custom) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.14 (custom) Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.14 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-76254",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-21T03:57:06.640898Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T16:24:55.017Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Splunk Enterprise",
"vendor": "Splunk",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.4",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.2.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.2",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "10.0.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "9.4.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.4",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "9.3.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.3",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-19T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, 9.4.14, and 9.3.14, an unauthenticated user could cause another user to dispatch arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) pipelines from Dataset Explorer with the same privileges as that user, which can allow for access to all relevant data and system integrity available to that user and affect system availability. The vulnerability is possible because Dataset Explorer does not validate or escape dataset names before building SPL searches and does not apply SPL safeguards for risky commands to those searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the user by tricking them into opening the crafted link. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see [Explore a dataset](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/10.4/manage-and-explore-datasets/explore-a-dataset) and [SPL safeguards for risky commands](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.4/best-practices-for-splunk-platform-security/spl-safeguards-for-risky-commands) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"value": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, 9.4.14, and 9.3.14, an unauthenticated user could cause another user to dispatch arbitrary Search Processing Language (SPL) pipelines from Dataset Explorer with the same privileges as that user, which can allow for access to all relevant data and system integrity available to that user and affect system availability. The vulnerability is possible because Dataset Explorer does not validate or escape dataset names before building SPL searches and does not apply SPL safeguards for risky commands to those searches. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the user by tricking them into opening the crafted link. The unauthenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will. For more information see Explore a dataset (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/manage-knowledge-objects/knowledge-management-manual/10.4/manage-and-explore-datasets/explore-a-dataset) and SPL safeguards for risky commands (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.4/best-practices-for-splunk-platform-security/spl-safeguards-for-risky-commands) in the Splunk documentation."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T21:34:14.171Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2026-0801"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade Splunk Enterprise to versions 10.4.2, 10.2.6, 10.0.9, and 9.4.14, or higher."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "SVD-2026-0801"
},
"title": "SPL Command Safeguards Bypass through Splunk Web in Splunk Enterprise",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The vulnerability affects instances with Splunk Web turned on. Turning Splunk Web off is a possible workaround. See [Disable unnecessary Splunk Enterprise components](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/manage-users-and-security/10.2/install-splunk-enterprise-securely/disable-unnecessary-splunk-enterprise-components) and the [web.conf](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/administer/admin-manual/10.2/configuration-file-reference/10.2.0-configuration-file-reference/web.conf) configuration specification file for more information on turning off Splunk Web."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76254",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T21:34:14.171Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-19T12:02:03.619Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T16:24:55.017Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-73618 (GCVE-0-2026-73618)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 11:28 – Updated: 2026-08-13 12:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Budibase Server before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via JSON Parameter
Summary
Budibase Server before 3.40.0 contains a NoSQL injection vulnerability in the MongoDB query execution endpoint where user-supplied parameters are interpolated into JSON query templates without proper sanitization of JSON metacharacters. Attackers with query write permission can inject JSON structural characters to alter MongoDB queries, bypassing filters to read, modify, or delete arbitrary documents.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 12:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Budibase/budibase/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/budibase-ser… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-22 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-73618",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-13T12:54:44.916968Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T12:55:04.134Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Budibase/budibase/security/advisories/GHSA-qw6m-8fw2-2v64"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:npm/budibase/server",
"product": "server",
"vendor": "budibase",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.40.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "3.40.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:budibase:budibase:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.40.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "offset"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-22T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Budibase Server before 3.40.0 contains a NoSQL injection vulnerability in the MongoDB query execution endpoint where user-supplied parameters are interpolated into JSON query templates without proper sanitization of JSON metacharacters. Attackers with query write permission can inject JSON structural characters to alter MongoDB queries, bypassing filters to read, modify, or delete arbitrary documents."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 8.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T11:28:19.923Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-qw6m-8fw2-2v64)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Budibase/budibase/security/advisories/GHSA-qw6m-8fw2-2v64"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Budibase Server before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via JSON Parameter",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/budibase-server-before-nosql-injection-via-json-parameter"
}
],
"title": "Budibase Server before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via JSON Parameter",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-73618",
"datePublished": "2026-08-13T11:28:19.923Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-13T11:16:27.835Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T12:55:04.134Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-73617 (GCVE-0-2026-73617)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 11:28 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Budibase before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via MongoDB datasource
Summary
Budibase before 3.40.0 contains a NoSQL injection vulnerability in the MongoDB datasource integration where user-supplied parameters are enriched with handlebars using noEscaping: true and parsed without operator filtering. Attackers can inject MongoDB operators through query parameters to bypass per-user access controls, read arbitrary documents, execute JavaScript via $where operators, or modify collections through update and delete operations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 18:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Budibase/budibase/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/budibase-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-22 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-73617",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-14T18:02:48.644110Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-14T18:10:25.783Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:npm/budibase/server",
"product": "server",
"vendor": "budibase",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.40.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "3.40.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:budibase:budibase:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.40.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "adrgs"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "aisafe-bot"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-22T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Budibase before 3.40.0 contains a NoSQL injection vulnerability in the MongoDB datasource integration where user-supplied parameters are enriched with handlebars using noEscaping: true and parsed without operator filtering. Attackers can inject MongoDB operators through query parameters to bypass per-user access controls, read arbitrary documents, execute JavaScript via $where operators, or modify collections through update and delete operations."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T11:28:19.219Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-pmpg-2mxq-6xwr)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Budibase/budibase/security/advisories/GHSA-pmpg-2mxq-6xwr"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Budibase before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via MongoDB datasource",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/budibase-before-nosql-injection-via-mongodb-datasource"
}
],
"title": "Budibase before 3.40.0 NoSQL Injection via MongoDB datasource",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-73617",
"datePublished": "2026-08-13T11:28:19.219Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-13T11:16:27.835Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-14T18:10:25.783Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-70395 (GCVE-0-2026-70395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-09 18:17 – Updated: 2026-08-10 18:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Predicate injection in manage_relationship belongs_to lookup discloses secret lookup keys in Ash
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic vulnerability in ash-project ash allows an attacker to forge a relationship to a record they cannot name, and to recover the secret value used to look it up.
When manage_relationship is used with on_lookup: :relate on a belongs_to relationship, the client-supplied lookup value is passed to Ash.Query.filter/2 without being cast to the attribute type. A nested map submitted where a scalar is expected is therefore interpreted as a filter predicate rather than a literal, so a lookup for a specific record becomes a query for any record matching a condition. The same path omits Ash.Query.limit(1), leaving Ash.read_one/2 able to distinguish no match from one match from several, which turns comparison predicates into an oracle for the lookup value. Authorization is unaffected; the destination read policy still applies.
This issue affects ash: from 1.52.0-rc.11 before 3.31.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advis… | relatedvendor-advisory |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-70395.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-70395 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/09f4259… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash |
Affected:
1.52.0-rc.11 , < 3.31.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash |
Affected:
571c138140e71cea24005189f45d7a63c8d2ed20 , < 09f42593035bceb0f6153dd7ee45cc49d108300a
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-70395",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-10T15:56:57.175785Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-10T18:23:15.009Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.ManagedRelationships\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Changeset\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/ash",
"product": "ash",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash/actions/managed_relationships.ex",
"lib/ash/changeset/changeset.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.ManagedRelationships\u0027:setup_managed_belongs_to_relationships/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Changeset\u0027:manage_relationship/4"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.31.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.52.0-rc.11",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.ManagedRelationships\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Changeset\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash-project/ash",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash",
"product": "ash",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash/actions/managed_relationships.ex",
"lib/ash/changeset/changeset.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.ManagedRelationships\u0027:setup_managed_belongs_to_relationships/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Changeset\u0027:manage_relationship/4"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "09f42593035bceb0f6153dd7ee45cc49d108300a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "571c138140e71cea24005189f45d7a63c8d2ed20",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eA \u003ccode\u003ebelongs_to\u003c/code\u003e relationship must be managed with \u003ccode\u003emanage_relationship\u003c/code\u003e using \u003ccode\u003eon_lookup: :relate\u003c/code\u003e, and the lookup value must come from client input.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "A `belongs_to` relationship must be managed with `manage_relationship` using `on_lookup: :relate`, and the lookup value must come from client input."
}
],
"value": "A belongs_to relationship must be managed with manage_relationship using on_lookup: :relate, and the lookup value must come from client input."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.31.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.52.0-rc.11",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Jisung Chae"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Zach Daniel"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eImproper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic vulnerability in ash-project ash allows an attacker to forge a relationship to a record they cannot name, and to recover the secret value used to look it up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen \u003ccode\u003emanage_relationship\u003c/code\u003e is used with \u003ccode\u003eon_lookup: :relate\u003c/code\u003e on a \u003ccode\u003ebelongs_to\u003c/code\u003e relationship, the client-supplied lookup value is passed to \u003ccode\u003eAsh.Query.filter/2\u003c/code\u003e without being cast to the attribute type. A nested map submitted where a scalar is expected is therefore interpreted as a filter predicate rather than a literal, so a lookup for a specific record becomes a query for any record matching a condition. The same path omits \u003ccode\u003eAsh.Query.limit(1)\u003c/code\u003e, leaving \u003ccode\u003eAsh.read_one/2\u003c/code\u003e able to distinguish no match from one match from several, which turns comparison predicates into an oracle for the lookup value. Authorization is unaffected; the destination read policy still applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash: from 1.52.0-rc.11 before 3.31.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic vulnerability in ash-project ash allows an attacker to forge a relationship to a record they cannot name, and to recover the secret value used to look it up.\n\nWhen `manage_relationship` is used with `on_lookup: :relate` on a `belongs_to` relationship, the client-supplied lookup value is passed to `Ash.Query.filter/2` without being cast to the attribute type. A nested map submitted where a scalar is expected is therefore interpreted as a filter predicate rather than a literal, so a lookup for a specific record becomes a query for any record matching a condition. The same path omits `Ash.Query.limit(1)`, leaving `Ash.read_one/2` able to distinguish no match from one match from several, which turns comparison predicates into an oracle for the lookup value. Authorization is unaffected; the destination read policy still applies.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 1.52.0-rc.11 before 3.31.1."
}
],
"value": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic vulnerability in ash-project ash allows an attacker to forge a relationship to a record they cannot name, and to recover the secret value used to look it up.\n\nWhen manage_relationship is used with on_lookup: :relate on a belongs_to relationship, the client-supplied lookup value is passed to Ash.Query.filter/2 without being cast to the attribute type. A nested map submitted where a scalar is expected is therefore interpreted as a filter predicate rather than a literal, so a lookup for a specific record becomes a query for any record matching a condition. The same path omits Ash.Query.limit(1), leaving Ash.read_one/2 able to distinguish no match from one match from several, which turns comparison predicates into an oracle for the lookup value. Authorization is unaffected; the destination read policy still applies.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 1.52.0-rc.11 before 3.31.1."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-116",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-116 Excavation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 2.1,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "CWE-943 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-09T18:17:07.321Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"related",
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-vvp6-3wv6-833j"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-70395.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-70395"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/09f42593035bceb0f6153dd7ee45cc49d108300a"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Predicate injection in manage_relationship belongs_to lookup discloses secret lookup keys in Ash"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-70395",
"datePublished": "2026-08-09T18:17:07.321Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-04T14:30:01.369Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-10T18:23:15.009Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-63637 (GCVE-0-2026-63637)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:20 – Updated: 2026-08-07 16:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dgraph: DQL Injection via unvalidated regexp filter argument in GraphQL query rewriter
Summary
Dgraph is an open source distributed GraphQL database. Prior to 25.3.8, maybeQuoteArg in graphql/resolve/query_rewriter.go passes regexp filter strings into generated DQL without quoting or validating the /pattern/flags form, allowing crafted GraphQL query or mutation filters to inject DQL operators, disclose unintended nodes, or expand modification and deletion targets. This issue is fixed in version 25.3.8.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 16:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/aaff09… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-63637",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-07T16:53:49.860450Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T16:54:23.924Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "dgraph",
"vendor": "dgraph-io",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 25.3.8"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Dgraph is an open source distributed GraphQL database. Prior to 25.3.8, maybeQuoteArg in graphql/resolve/query_rewriter.go passes regexp filter strings into generated DQL without quoting or validating the /pattern/flags form, allowing crafted GraphQL query or mutation filters to inject DQL operators, disclose unintended nodes, or expand modification and deletion targets. This issue is fixed in version 25.3.8."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "CWE-943: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T20:20:32.352Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-33p8-wc97-5qcj",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-33p8-wc97-5qcj"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/aaff09ab9608f87d88e9d601e71d271306083392",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/aaff09ab9608f87d88e9d601e71d271306083392"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-33p8-wc97-5qcj",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Dgraph: DQL Injection via unvalidated regexp filter argument in GraphQL query rewriter"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-63637",
"datePublished": "2026-08-06T20:20:32.352Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-17T14:11:15.482Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T16:54:23.924Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-56096 (GCVE-0-2026-56096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 09:00 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Information Disclosure in extension "Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search" (solr)
Summary
The extension passes the user-supplied search query parameter to Apache Solr without restricting advanced Solr query syntax such as wildcards, field selectors and range queries. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can use this syntax to enumerate indexed field names and extract their stored values through boolean- and range-based blind extraction techniques, independent of any site-specific configuration.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TYPO3 | Extension "Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search" |
Affected:
13.0.0 , < 13.1.4
(semver)
Affected: 12.0.0 , < 12.1.4 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.6.6 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-25 09:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-56096",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-25T14:09:58.762737Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T14:10:18.510Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://packagist.org/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "apache-solr-for-typo3/solr",
"product": "Extension \"Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search\"",
"repo": "https://github.com/TYPO3-Solr/ext-solr",
"vendor": "TYPO3",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "13.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "13.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "12.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "11.6.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Albrecht K\u00f6hnlein"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Yair Hinkis"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Rafael K\u00e4hm"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "EXT:solr team by dkd Internet Service GmbH"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-25T09:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The extension passes the user-supplied search query parameter to Apache Solr without restricting advanced Solr query syntax such as wildcards, field selectors and range queries. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can use this syntax to enumerate indexed field names and extract their stored values through boolean- and range-based blind extraction techniques, independent of any site-specific configuration."
}
],
"value": "The extension passes the user-supplied search query parameter to Apache Solr without restricting advanced Solr query syntax such as wildcards, field selectors and range queries. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can use this syntax to enumerate indexed field names and extract their stored values through boolean- and range-based blind extraction techniques, independent of any site-specific configuration."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "CWE-943 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T09:00:46.440Z",
"orgId": "f4fb688c-4412-4426-b4b8-421ecf27b14a",
"shortName": "TYPO3"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2026-025"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Information Disclosure in extension \"Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search\" (solr)",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f4fb688c-4412-4426-b4b8-421ecf27b14a",
"assignerShortName": "TYPO3",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-56096",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T09:00:46.440Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-18T17:29:39.231Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T14:10:18.510Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-56094 (GCVE-0-2026-56094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 09:00 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Information Disclosure in extension "Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search" (solr)
Summary
The extension allows a request-provided additionalFilters parameter to register a named siteHash filter before the system's own siteHash filter is applied, and the query builder does not overwrite an already-registered named filter. In a shared Solr core serving multiple TYPO3 sites, a visitor can use this to read public documents belonging to another site. The same root cause also affects the suggest top-results path when suggest is enabled.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TYPO3 | Extension "Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search" |
Affected:
13.0.0 , < 13.1.4
(semver)
Affected: 12.0.0 , < 12.1.4 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.6.6 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-25 09:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-56094",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-25T14:35:53.246785Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T14:36:04.472Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://packagist.org/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "apache-solr-for-typo3/solr",
"product": "Extension \"Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search\"",
"repo": "https://github.com/TYPO3-Solr/ext-solr",
"vendor": "TYPO3",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "13.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "13.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "12.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "11.6.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Seungbin Yang"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Rafael K\u00e4hm"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "EXT:solr team by dkd Internet Service GmbH"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-25T09:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The extension allows a request-provided additionalFilters parameter to register a named siteHash filter before the system\u0027s own siteHash filter is applied, and the query builder does not overwrite an already-registered named filter. In a shared Solr core serving multiple TYPO3 sites, a visitor can use this to read public documents belonging to another site. The same root cause also affects the suggest top-results path when suggest is enabled."
}
],
"value": "The extension allows a request-provided additionalFilters parameter to register a named siteHash filter before the system\u0027s own siteHash filter is applied, and the query builder does not overwrite an already-registered named filter. In a shared Solr core serving multiple TYPO3 sites, a visitor can use this to read public documents belonging to another site. The same root cause also affects the suggest top-results path when suggest is enabled."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-943",
"description": "CWE-943 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T09:00:48.087Z",
"orgId": "f4fb688c-4412-4426-b4b8-421ecf27b14a",
"shortName": "TYPO3"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2026-025"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Information Disclosure in extension \"Apache Solr for TYPO3 - Enterprise Search\" (solr)",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f4fb688c-4412-4426-b4b8-421ecf27b14a",
"assignerShortName": "TYPO3",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-56094",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T09:00:48.087Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-18T17:29:39.231Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T14:36:04.472Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-676: NoSQL Injection
An adversary targets software that constructs NoSQL statements based on user input or with parameters vulnerable to operator replacement in order to achieve a variety of technical impacts such as escalating privileges, bypassing authentication, and/or executing code.