Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-88

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

626 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-58G8-RMMQ-338R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-11 00:32 – Updated: 2025-01-11 00:32
VLAI
Details

A user with administrator privileges can perform command injection

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9131"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-10T22:15:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A user with administrator privileges can perform command injection",
  "id": "GHSA-58g8-rmmq-338r",
  "modified": "2025-01-11T00:32:05Z",
  "published": "2025-01-11T00:32:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9131"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisory/20454-security-advisory-0105"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5F37-GXVH-23V6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-03-05 22:09 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:33
VLAI
Summary
Remote code execution in PHPMailer
Details

Impact

The mailSend function in the default isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.

Patches

Fixed in 5.2.18

Workarounds

Filter and validate user input before passing it to internal functions.

References

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10033 Related to a follow-on issue in https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10045

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open a private issue in the PHPMailer project

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "phpmailer/phpmailer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10033"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-03-05T22:05:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-12-30T19:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe `mailSend` function in the default `isMail` transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \\\u0026quot; (backslash double quote) in a crafted `Sender` property.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in 5.2.18\n\n### Workarounds\nFilter and validate user input before passing it to internal functions.\n\n### References\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10033\nRelated to a follow-on issue in https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10045\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open a private issue in [the PHPMailer project](https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer)",
  "id": "GHSA-5f37-gxvh-23v6",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T17:33:42Z",
  "published": "2020-03-05T22:09:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/security/advisories/GHSA-5f37-gxvh-23v6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10033"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42024"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41996"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40970"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40969"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40968"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/psa-2016-004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-10033"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://legalhackers.com/advisories/PHPMailer-Exploit-Remote-Code-Exec-CVE-2016-10033-Vuln.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/wiki/About-the-CVE-2016-10033-and-CVE-2016-10045-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/releases/tag/v5.2.18"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/phpmailer/phpmailer/CVE-2016-10033.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/668-20161205-phpmailer-security-advisory.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140291/PHPMailer-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140350/PHPMailer-Sendmail-Argument-Injection.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Dec/78"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/phpmailer_arg_injection"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Remote code execution in PHPMailer"
}

GHSA-5FCW-F94J-49QX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-07-11 00:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability exists in Advantech iView that allows for argument injection in NetworkServlet.backupDatabase(). This issue requires an authenticated attacker with at least user-level privileges. Certain parameters can be used directly in a command without proper sanitization, allowing arbitrary arguments to be injected. This can result in information disclosure, including sensitive database credentials.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52459"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T00:15:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability exists in Advantech iView that allows for argument \ninjection in NetworkServlet.backupDatabase(). This issue requires an \nauthenticated attacker with at least user-level privileges. Certain \nparameters can be used directly in a command without proper \nsanitization, allowing arbitrary arguments to be injected. This can \nresult in information disclosure, including sensitive database \ncredentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-5fcw-f94j-49qx",
  "modified": "2025-07-11T00:30:32Z",
  "published": "2025-07-11T00:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52459"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.advantech.com/en/support/details/firmware-?id=1-HIPU-183"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-191-08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5G3J-89FR-R2VP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:07 – Updated: 2026-04-08 00:07
VLAI
Summary
skilleton has improper input handling in repository/path processing
Details

Summary

skilleton versions prior to 0.3.1 include security-related weaknesses in repository normalization and path handling logic.
Version 0.3.1 contains fixes and additional test coverage for these issues.

Affected Versions

<0.3.1

Patched Versions

>=0.3.1

Impact

In affected versions, crafted input could trigger unsafe or inefficient behavior in repository/path processing code paths.
0.3.1 mitigates this by: - replacing vulnerable parsing behavior with deterministic logic, - validating subpaths earlier before allocating git worktree resources, - adding stricter and broader regression tests around these flows.

Severity

Low to Moderate (project-maintainer assessed)

Mitigation

Upgrade to 0.3.1 or later.

Workarounds

No complete workaround is recommended other than upgrading.

References

Credits

Detected through automated code scanning and remediated by project maintainers.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "skilleton"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`skilleton` versions prior to `0.3.1` include security-related weaknesses in repository normalization and path handling logic.  \nVersion `0.3.1` contains fixes and additional test coverage for these issues.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n`\u003c0.3.1`\n\n## Patched Versions\n\n`\u003e=0.3.1`\n\n## Impact\n\nIn affected versions, crafted input could trigger unsafe or inefficient behavior in repository/path processing code paths.  \n`0.3.1` mitigates this by:\n- replacing vulnerable parsing behavior with deterministic logic,\n- validating subpaths earlier before allocating git worktree resources,\n- adding stricter and broader regression tests around these flows.\n\n## Severity\n\nLow to Moderate (project-maintainer assessed)\n\n## Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to `0.3.1` or later.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNo complete workaround is recommended other than upgrading.\n\n## References\n\n- Branch: [`fix/security-code-scanning-alerts`](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9)\n- Commits:\n  - [fix(security): harden git arg handling and path validation](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/42bc280ad675bfaa7b1bbc192330fb582bb28172)\n  - [fix(security): use while loop in normalizeRepoUrl instead of regex](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/6613160803ec8655efee9a270eeaa767ad22da8b)\n- Security Policy: [SECURITY.md](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/blob/master/SECURITY.md)\n\n## Credits\n\nDetected through automated code scanning and remediated by project maintainers.",
  "id": "GHSA-5g3j-89fr-r2vp",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/security/advisories/GHSA-5g3j-89fr-r2vp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/42bc280ad675bfaa7b1bbc192330fb582bb28172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/6613160803ec8655efee9a270eeaa767ad22da8b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "skilleton has improper input handling in repository/path processing"
}

GHSA-5HP5-X426-CXJG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:55 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:55
VLAI
Details

Argument injection vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6 allows user-assisted remote attackers to modify command line arguments to an invoked mail client via " (double quote) characters in a mailto: scheme handler, as demonstrated by launching Microsoft Outlook with an arbitrary filename as an attachment. NOTE: it is not clear whether this issue is implementation-specific or a problem in the Microsoft API.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-2057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-04-26T20:06:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Argument injection vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6 allows user-assisted remote attackers to modify command line arguments to an invoked mail client via \" (double quote) characters in a mailto: scheme handler, as demonstrated by launching Microsoft Outlook with an arbitrary filename as an attachment.  NOTE: it is not clear whether this issue is implementation-specific or a problem in the Microsoft API.",
  "id": "GHSA-5hp5-x426-cxjg",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T06:55:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T06:55:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-2057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://ingehenriksen.blogspot.com/2006/04/office-2003-file-attachment-exploit.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/432009/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/1538"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5MVM-89C9-9GM5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 18:29 – Updated: 2025-02-25 21:46
VLAI
Summary
Matrix IRC Bridge allows IRC command injection to own puppeted user
Details

Impact

The matrix-appservice-irc bridge up to version 3.0.3 contains a vulnerability which can lead to arbitrary IRC command execution as the puppeted user. The attacker can only inject commands executed as their own IRC user.

Patches

The vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc version 3.0.4.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security at matrix.org.

Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "matrix-appservice-irc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27146"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-25T18:29:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-25T20:15:38Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe matrix-appservice-irc bridge up to version 3.0.3 contains a vulnerability which can lead to arbitrary IRC command execution as the puppeted user. The attacker can only inject commands executed as their own IRC user.\n\n### Patches\nThe vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc version 3.0.4.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security at matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).",
  "id": "GHSA-5mvm-89c9-9gm5",
  "modified": "2025-02-25T21:46:09Z",
  "published": "2025-02-25T18:29:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc/security/advisories/GHSA-5mvm-89c9-9gm5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27146"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc/commit/74f02c8e11f16ed1b355700092c1aa9c036a11bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Matrix IRC Bridge allows IRC command injection to own puppeted user"
}

GHSA-5Q3J-866R-JJWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:38
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability on Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP Phones, including 6970 Conference Unit, through 6.3 SP3 HF4 allows an authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to conduct an argument injection attack due to insufficient parameter sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access sensitive information, modify the system configuration, or execute arbitrary commands.

Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31966"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability on Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP Phones, including 6970 Conference Unit, through 6.3 SP3 HF4 allows an authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to conduct an argument injection attack due to insufficient parameter sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access sensitive information, modify the system configuration, or execute arbitrary commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q3j-866r-jjww",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:38:42Z",
  "published": "2024-05-02T18:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31966"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-24-0009"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QMR-54G6-4256

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:02
VLAI
Details

University of Washington IMAP Toolkit 2007f on UNIX, as used in imap_open() in PHP and other products, launches an rsh command (by means of the imap_rimap function in c-client/imap4r1.c and the tcp_aopen function in osdep/unix/tcp_unix.c) without preventing argument injection, which might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands if the IMAP server name is untrusted input (e.g., entered by a user of a web application) and if rsh has been replaced by a program with different argument semantics. For example, if rsh is a link to ssh (as seen on Debian and Ubuntu systems), then the attack can use an IMAP server name containing a "-oProxyCommand" argument.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-19518"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-25T10:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "University of Washington IMAP Toolkit 2007f on UNIX, as used in imap_open() in PHP and other products, launches an rsh command (by means of the imap_rimap function in c-client/imap4r1.c and the tcp_aopen function in osdep/unix/tcp_unix.c) without preventing argument injection, which might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands if the IMAP server name is untrusted input (e.g., entered by a user of a web application) and if rsh has been replaced by a program with different argument semantics. For example, if rsh is a link to ssh (as seen on Debian and Ubuntu systems), then the attack can use an IMAP server name containing a \"-oProxyCommand\" argument.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qmr-54g6-4256",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:02:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:02:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/22/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45914"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4353"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4160-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181221-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-57"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/12/msg00031.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/03/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/12/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Bo0oM/PHP_imap_open_exploit/blob/master/exploit.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.php.net/?p=php-src.git;a=commit;h=e5bfea64c81ae34816479bb05d17cdffe45adddb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77160"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77153"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=76428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/913836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/913835"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/913775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://antichat.com/threads/463395/#post-4254681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106018"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1042157"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QQ7-X27P-HFQ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

hashcat fails to restrict command-line options when parsing restore files, allowing attackers to inject output-redirecting options like --outfile and --potfile-path. Attackers can craft restore files with malicious options to append attacker-controlled content to arbitrary files, enabling code execution when targeting shell startup files.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-68766"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-22T15:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "hashcat fails to restrict command-line options when parsing restore files, allowing attackers to inject output-redirecting options like --outfile and --potfile-path. Attackers can craft restore files with malicious options to append attacker-controlled content to arbitrary files, enabling code execution when targeting shell startup files.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qq7-x27p-hfq4",
  "modified": "2026-08-22T15:31:04Z",
  "published": "2026-08-22T15:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-68766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat/issues/4738"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat/commit/fcae69f2438ff8eae0dc8e206b78067a1e465ed4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat/blob/v7.1.2/src/restore.c#L365-L369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hashcat-through-arbitrary-file-write-via-restore-file-option-injection"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5V6X-RFC3-7QFR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 22:15 – Updated: 2026-03-19 21:20
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw has Windows system.run approval mismatch on cmd.exe /c trailing arguments
Details

Summary

A Windows system.run approval-integrity mismatch in the cmd.exe /c path could allow trailing arguments to execute while approval/audit text reflected only a benign command string.

This requires an authenticated operator context using the approvals flow and a trusted Windows node.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published vulnerable version (as of 2026-02-21): 2026.2.19-2
  • Vulnerable range: <=2026.2.19-2
  • Patched version (planned next release): 2026.2.21

Attack Scenario

  1. An authenticated operator approval is created for a benign command text (for example, echo).
  2. A system.run request uses cmd.exe /c with extra trailing arguments.
  3. Prior behavior could bind approval/audit text to the benign command while still executing the full argument tail on the node.

Impact

  • Local command execution on the trusted Windows node process account.
  • Approval/audit command text integrity mismatch.

Fix

  • Canonicalize the full command tail after cmd.exe /c.
  • Reuse one shared command canonicalization/validation path for validation, approval matching, and execution/audit text.
  • Add regression coverage for trailing-argument smuggling and approval binding.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 6007941f04df1edcca679dd6c95949744fdbd4df

Release Process Note

patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.21). Once that npm release is live, this advisory can be published directly.

OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22168"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T22:15:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T02:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Windows `system.run` approval-integrity mismatch in the `cmd.exe /c` path could allow trailing arguments to execute while approval/audit text reflected only a benign command string.\n\nThis requires an authenticated operator context using the approvals flow and a trusted Windows node.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published vulnerable version (as of 2026-02-21): `2026.2.19-2`\n- Vulnerable range: `\u003c=2026.2.19-2`\n- Patched version (planned next release): `2026.2.21`\n\n### Attack Scenario\n1. An authenticated operator approval is created for a benign command text (for example, `echo`).\n2. A `system.run` request uses `cmd.exe /c` with extra trailing arguments.\n3. Prior behavior could bind approval/audit text to the benign command while still executing the full argument tail on the node.\n\n### Impact\n- Local command execution on the trusted Windows node process account.\n- Approval/audit command text integrity mismatch.\n\n### Fix\n- Canonicalize the full command tail after `cmd.exe /c`.\n- Reuse one shared command canonicalization/validation path for validation, approval matching, and execution/audit text.\n- Add regression coverage for trailing-argument smuggling and approval binding.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `6007941f04df1edcca679dd6c95949744fdbd4df`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.21`). Once that npm release is live, this advisory can be published directly.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v6x-rfc3-7qfr",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T21:20:03Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T22:15:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5v6x-rfc3-7qfr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22168"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6007941f04df1edcca679dd6c95949744fdbd4df"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-command-injection-via-cmd-exe-c-trailing-arguments-in-system-run"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw has Windows system.run approval mismatch on cmd.exe /c trailing arguments"
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Parameterization

Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation

Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.

Mitigation
Implementation
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

Mitigation
Implementation

When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.

Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection

An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.

CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection

An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.

CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads

This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.

CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)

An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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