CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
20196 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PCHG-4WRM-9VGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in WebToffee Product Feed for WooCommerce webtoffee-product-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Product Feed for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 2.3.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WebToffee Product Feed for WooCommerce webtoffee-product-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Product Feed for WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 2.3.1.",
"id": "GHSA-pchg-4wrm-9vgc",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:56Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T15:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/webtoffee-product-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-product-feed-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-3-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/webtoffee-product-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-product-feed-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-3-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCMG-M577-C53M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Countdown, Coming Soon, Maintenance – Countdown & Clock plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the conditionsRow and switchCountdown functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to inject PHP Objects and modify the status of countdowns.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2017"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Countdown, Coming Soon, Maintenance \u2013 Countdown \u0026 Clock plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the conditionsRow and switchCountdown functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to inject PHP Objects and modify the status of countdowns.",
"id": "GHSA-pcmg-m577-c53m",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:43Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T03:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/countdown-builder/trunk/classes/Ajax.php#L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/countdown-builder/trunk/classes/Ajax.php#L92"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3096150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3097588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d8fab229-cd6b-45a3-9e80-a03a1704ad3e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCPX-26F9-4672
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 21:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpeverest User Registration user-registration allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects User Registration: from n/a through <= 4.4.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpeverest User Registration user-registration allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects User Registration: from n/a through \u003c= 4.4.6.",
"id": "GHSA-pcpx-26f9-4672",
"modified": "2026-01-29T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/user-registration/vulnerability/wordpress-user-registration-plugin-4-4-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCQ4-G857-J48F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-10 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Spider Themes Spider Elements – Addons for Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Spider Elements – Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 1.6.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32216"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-10T08:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Spider Themes Spider Elements \u2013 Addons for Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Spider Elements \u2013 Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 1.6.2.",
"id": "GHSA-pcq4-g857-j48f",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:38Z",
"published": "2025-04-10T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/spider-elements/vulnerability/wordpress-spider-elements-addons-for-elementor-plugin-1-6-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCR3-QCHM-7GP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-07 12:34 – Updated: 2024-06-07 12:34The Market Exporter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'remove_files' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.19. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to use path traversal to delete arbitrary files on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-07T11:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Market Exporter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027remove_files\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.19. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to use path traversal to delete arbitrary files on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-pcr3-qchm-7gp3",
"modified": "2024-06-07T12:34:15Z",
"published": "2024-06-07T12:34:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/market-exporter/trunk/includes/class-restapi.php#L427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3098360/market-exporter/trunk/includes/class-restapi.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c3ea4bf9-e109-465e-890a-c2923089fb66?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCWM-P48J-JMFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-24 21:32Concrete CMS Area API's block-create endpoint in versions 9.2.0 to 9.5.2 did not invoke the block type controller's validate() method on submitted data, which, for file-referencing blocks such as hero_image and gallery, is where the referenced file is authorized against the user's file-manager visibility. As a result, an authenticated user holding the block-add scope could store, and cause the page to render, a reference to a file that the file-manager authorization policy would otherwise reject, disclosing that file's URL and preview to the editor and to visitors of the affected page. Under public file storage, the URL and thumbnail are exposed directly; under private storage, the disclosure is limited by the permission-checked download URL. The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 5.1 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks riodrwn for reporting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-68535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-11T21:17:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Concrete CMS Area API\u0027s block-create endpoint in versions 9.2.0 to 9.5.2 did not invoke the block type controller\u0027s validate() method on submitted data, which, for file-referencing blocks such as hero_image and gallery, is where the referenced file is authorized against the user\u0027s file-manager visibility. As a result, an authenticated user holding the block-add scope could store, and cause the page to render, a reference to a file that the file-manager authorization policy would otherwise reject, disclosing that file\u0027s URL and preview to the editor and to visitors of the affected page. Under public file storage, the URL and thumbnail are exposed directly; under private storage, the disclosure is limited by the permission-checked download URL.\u00a0The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 5.1 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks riodrwn for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-pcwm-p48j-jmfv",
"modified": "2026-09-24T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2026-09-11T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-68535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/developers/introduction/version-history/953-release-notes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PCWR-HH78-PJ54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in nicdark Hotel Booking allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Hotel Booking: from n/a through 3.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63001"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T15:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in nicdark Hotel Booking allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Hotel Booking: from n/a through 3.8.",
"id": "GHSA-pcwr-hh78-pj54",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:27Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/nd-booking/vulnerability/wordpress-hotel-booking-plugin-3-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/nd-booking/vulnerability/wordpress-hotel-booking-plugin-3-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PF22-82MQ-64Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-07 06:31 – Updated: 2026-11-07 06:31IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized actions and obtain sensitive information due to missing authorization. Certain operations do not verify that the user is permitted to act on the targeted resource, which could allow other users' API keys to be deleted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-17244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-07T05:18:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized actions and obtain sensitive information due to missing authorization. Certain operations do not verify that the user is permitted to act on the targeted resource, which could allow other users\u0027 API keys to be deleted.",
"id": "GHSA-pf22-82mq-64q9",
"modified": "2026-11-07T06:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-11-07T06:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7295635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7295637"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PF2W-4HQ2-9JV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-18 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in GenialSouls WP Social Comments.This issue affects WP Social Comments: from n/a through 1.7.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32689"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-18T11:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in GenialSouls WP Social Comments.This issue affects WP Social Comments: from n/a through 1.7.3.",
"id": "GHSA-pf2w-4hq2-9jv6",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:51Z",
"published": "2024-04-18T12:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32689"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/gs-facebook-comments/wordpress-wp-social-comments-plugin-1-7-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PF3J-3GFX-W49C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-10-17 21:31Admidio from 5.0.11 before 5.0.16 contains a broken access control vulnerability in modules/inventory/inventory_data.php that allows authenticated users to bypass the inventory_module_enabled restriction. Attackers with any valid login can request the DataTables JSON feed to read every inventory item and keeper names, even when the module is disabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-111914"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-17T19:16:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Admidio from 5.0.11 before 5.0.16 contains a broken access control vulnerability in modules/inventory/inventory_data.php that allows authenticated users to bypass the inventory_module_enabled restriction. Attackers with any valid login can request the DataTables JSON feed to read every inventory item and keeper names, even when the module is disabled.",
"id": "GHSA-pf3j-3gfx-w49c",
"modified": "2026-10-17T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-10-17T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Admidio/admidio/security/advisories/GHSA-5f29-r7rj-43mf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Admidio/admidio/security/advisories/GHSA-qfjf-c48f-x87g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/admidio-5.0.11-before-5.0.16-broken-access-control-via-inventory-data-php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.