CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
20048 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H4JV-XW7F-WJRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-12 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-13 15:30Apache OpenOffice documents can contain links. A missing Authorization vulnerability in Apache OpenOffice allowed an attacker to craft a document that would cause external links to be loaded without prompt. In the affected versions of Apache OpenOffice, Calc spreadsheet containing DDE links to external files would load the contents of those files without prompting the user for permission to do so.
This issue affects Apache OpenOffice: through 4.1.15.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.1.16, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64405"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-12T09:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache OpenOffice documents can contain links. A missing Authorization vulnerability in Apache OpenOffice allowed an attacker to craft a document that would cause external links \nto be loaded without prompt. In the affected versions of Apache OpenOffice, Calc spreadsheet containing DDE links to external files would \nload the contents of those files without prompting the user for \npermission to do so.\n\nThis issue affects Apache OpenOffice: through 4.1.15.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.1.16, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-h4jv-xw7f-wjrg",
"modified": "2025-11-13T15:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-11-12T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/0jjftxkcc4l9kt7jjn630hfrh2ygfcbk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openoffice.org/security/cves/CVE-2025-64405.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/11/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4MP-G9C6-XWPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 20:33 – Updated: 2026-06-05 20:33Impact
Sub-form Livewire components used in the product editor (Edit, Inventory, Seo, Shipping, Files) had no authorization on their store() method. Any authenticated panel user, regardless of role, could mutate any product's pricing, stock, SEO metadata, shipping dimensions, and attached media without holding edit_products.
The affected components accepted the product ID as a public Livewire property without #[Locked], so an attacker could also target an arbitrary product by tampering with the wire payload from the client.
Patches
Fixed in v2.8.0. Each sub-form store() now authorizes against edit_products and the product binding is locked.
Upgrade via:
composer require shopper/admin:^2.8
Workarounds
None. Upgrade to v2.8.0.
References
- Pull request: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511
- CWE-862 Missing Authorization
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopper/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47742"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T20:33:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T19:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nSub-form Livewire components used in the product editor (`Edit`, `Inventory`, `Seo`, `Shipping`, `Files`) had no authorization on their `store()` method. Any authenticated panel user, regardless of role, could mutate any product\u0027s pricing, stock, SEO metadata, shipping dimensions, and attached media without holding `edit_products`.\n\nThe affected components accepted the product ID as a public Livewire property without `#[Locked]`, so an attacker could also target an arbitrary product by tampering with the wire payload from the client.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixed in `v2.8.0`. Each sub-form `store()` now authorizes against `edit_products` and the product binding is locked.\n\nUpgrade via:\n\n```bash\ncomposer require shopper/admin:^2.8\n```\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNone. Upgrade to `v2.8.0`.\n\n## References\n\n- Pull request: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511\n- CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"id": "GHSA-h4mp-g9c6-xwph",
"modified": "2026-06-05T20:33:47Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T20:33:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/security/advisories/GHSA-h4mp-g9c6-xwph"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Shopper: Missing authorization on Product admin Livewire sub-form components"
}
GHSA-H4PX-6397-H93G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01A backdoor vulnerability exists in remote control functionality of Circle with Disney running firmware 2.0.1. A specific set of network packets can remotely start an SSH server on the device, resulting in a persistent backdoor. An attacker can send an API call to enable the SSH server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-07T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A backdoor vulnerability exists in remote control functionality of Circle with Disney running firmware 2.0.1. A specific set of network packets can remotely start an SSH server on the device, resulting in a persistent backdoor. An attacker can send an API call to enable the SSH server.",
"id": "GHSA-h4px-6397-h93g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0436"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4Q4-G79R-5G63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-09 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:54In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-09T02:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-h4q4-g79r-5g63",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:54:16Z",
"published": "2023-05-09T03:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1654776866982133761"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4QC-785V-GJ2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 03:30 – Updated: 2022-12-15 15:32An unauthenticated user can attach to an open interface exposed through JNDI by the Messaging System of SAP NetWeaver Process Integration (PI) - version 7.50. This user can make use of an open naming and directory API to access services that could perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability affects local users and data, leading to a considerable impact on confidentiality as well as availability and a limited impact on the integrity of the application. These operations can be used to: * Read any information * Modify sensitive information * Denial of Service attacks (DoS) * SQL Injection
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated user can attach to an open interface exposed through JNDI by the Messaging System of SAP NetWeaver Process Integration (PI) - version 7.50. This user can make use of an open naming and directory API to access services that could perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability affects local users and data, leading to a considerable impact on confidentiality as well as availability and a limited impact on the integrity of the application. These operations can be used to: * Read any information * Modify sensitive information * Denial of Service attacks (DoS) * SQL Injection",
"id": "GHSA-h4qc-785v-gj2p",
"modified": "2022-12-15T15:32:12Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T03:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3267780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4R4-RRCJ-MG5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-11 06:32 – Updated: 2026-11-11 12:31The Security For WooCommerce WordPress plugin through 1.0.16 does not have proper authorization checks when resetting its settings, allowing unauthenticated users to reset any section of its configuration to the defaults and so disable security features such as a custom login URL, two-factor authentication, reCAPTCHA, password policies and the firewall.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-123701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-11T06:17:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Security For WooCommerce WordPress plugin through 1.0.16 does not have proper authorization checks when resetting its settings, allowing unauthenticated users to reset any section of its configuration to the defaults and so disable security features such as a custom login URL, two-factor authentication, reCAPTCHA, password policies and the firewall.",
"id": "GHSA-h4r4-rrcj-mg5x",
"modified": "2026-11-11T12:31:39Z",
"published": "2026-11-11T06:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-123701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/9d65f64f-b9d5-488d-a81d-4013a1b1fc9e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4RF-98JG-F337
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-18 00:30 – Updated: 2022-11-22 18:30Zoho ManageEngine SupportCenter Plus through 11024 allows low-privileged users to view the organization users list.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-17T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Zoho ManageEngine SupportCenter Plus through 11024 allows low-privileged users to view the organization users list.",
"id": "GHSA-h4rf-98jg-f337",
"modified": "2022-11-22T18:30:14Z",
"published": "2022-11-18T00:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/support-center/cve-2022-42903.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4W7-MGQ4-WG6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-03 22:58Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-qvq9-hq6p-v378. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
SiYuan versions before v3.7.4 fail to enforce publish-access checks in the getBlockAttrs and batchGetBlockAttrs endpoints. Attackers can retrieve block attributes including names, aliases, memos, and custom fields from protected documents by sending POST requests with block IDs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/kernel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-03T22:58:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T20:17:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-qvq9-hq6p-v378. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nSiYuan versions before v3.7.4 fail to enforce publish-access checks in the getBlockAttrs and batchGetBlockAttrs endpoints. Attackers can retrieve block attributes including names, aliases, memos, and custom fields from protected documents by sending POST requests with block IDs.",
"id": "GHSA-h4w7-mgq4-wg6x",
"modified": "2026-09-03T22:58:14Z",
"published": "2026-08-12T21:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/advisories/GHSA-qvq9-hq6p-v378"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/siyuan-before-information-disclosure-via-getblockattrs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Missing publish-access filter on getBlockAttrs and batchGetBlockAttrs discloses block attributes (name, alias, memo, custom fields) of protected documents",
"withdrawn": "2026-09-03T22:58:14Z"
}
GHSA-H4WJ-JMFX-P8PC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-h4wj-jmfx-p8pc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:46Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4XC-8MR6-VJH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ship Depot ShipDepot for WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects ShipDepot for WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.2.19.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T15:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ship Depot ShipDepot for WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects ShipDepot for WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.2.19.",
"id": "GHSA-h4xc-8mr6-vjh8",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:23Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T15:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ship-depot/vulnerability/wordpress-shipdepot-for-woocommerce-plugin-1-2-19-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.