CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
20048 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GX6Q-VM8J-VQVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-14 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-15 12:30The SellKit WordPress plugin before 2.8.0 does not validate a client-supplied product price when totals are recalculated during checkout, allowing unauthenticated attackers to place orders for any purchasable product at a price of their own choosing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-94254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-14T07:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The SellKit WordPress plugin before 2.8.0 does not validate a client-supplied product price when totals are recalculated during checkout, allowing unauthenticated attackers to place orders for any purchasable product at a price of their own choosing.",
"id": "GHSA-gx6q-vm8j-vqvw",
"modified": "2026-10-15T12:30:56Z",
"published": "2026-10-14T09:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e99f69f2-1a21-42fa-b122-ecf69856cc39"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX7J-9F5H-MCM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 03:31 – Updated: 2025-03-07 03:31The EventPrime – Events Calendar, Bookings and Tickets plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability checks on the export_submittion_attendees function in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.7.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to download list of attendees for any event.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-07T02:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The EventPrime \u2013 Events Calendar, Bookings and Tickets plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability checks on the export_submittion_attendees function in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.7.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to download list of attendees for any event.",
"id": "GHSA-gx7j-9f5h-mcm4",
"modified": "2025-03-07T03:31:33Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T03:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/eventprime-event-calendar-management/tags/4.0.7.3/includes/class-ep-ajax.php#L1903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2be578d9-27c3-4a16-a634-1514ed97a1a2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXC8-M8F8-7C2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-12 15:32 – Updated: 2026-02-12 15:32The Activity Log for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the winter_activity_log_action() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view potentially sensitive information (e.g., the password of a higher level user, such as an administrator) contained in the exposed log files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-12T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Activity Log for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the winter_activity_log_action() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view potentially sensitive information (e.g., the password of a higher level user, such as an administrator) contained in the exposed log files.",
"id": "GHSA-gxc8-m8f8-7c2c",
"modified": "2026-02-12T15:32:47Z",
"published": "2026-02-12T15:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3459369/winterlock"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5cec4c17-24c1-4ed3-a3d3-9404ad7af420?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXCW-FM99-9F74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-05-29 12:31The Rank Math SEO – AI SEO Tools to Dominate SEO Rankings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the update_site_editor_homepage function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.271. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify several plugin settings including homepage title, meta description, breadcrumbs label, and social media metadata, which can have severe impact on SEO rankings and display malicious content across all site pages where breadcrumbs are used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T11:16:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Rank Math SEO \u2013 AI SEO Tools to Dominate SEO Rankings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the update_site_editor_homepage function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.271. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify several plugin settings including homepage title, meta description, breadcrumbs label, and social media metadata, which can have severe impact on SEO rankings and display malicious content across all site pages where breadcrumbs are used.",
"id": "GHSA-gxcw-fm99-9f74",
"modified": "2026-05-29T12:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T12:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/seo-by-rank-math/trunk/includes/rest/class-rest-helper.php#L75"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/seo-by-rank-math/trunk/includes/rest/class-shared.php#L122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/seo-by-rank-math/trunk/includes/rest/class-shared.php#L129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/seo-by-rank-math/trunk/includes/rest/class-shared.php#L339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3552223/seo-by-rank-math/trunk/includes/rest/class-rest-helper.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/dd072774-6f85-42de-a9d4-6826703ad839?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXFV-72FG-9MPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 09:30 – Updated: 2024-02-28 09:30The Redirects plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the save function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change redirects created with this plugin. This could lead to undesired redirection to phishing sites or malicious web pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-28T09:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Redirects plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the save function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change redirects created with this plugin. This could lead to undesired redirection to phishing sites or malicious web pages.",
"id": "GHSA-gxfv-72fg-9mpc",
"modified": "2024-02-28T09:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-02-28T09:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/redirects/trunk/index.php#L118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7c6be7f2-5526-4fba-9fe0-003b8460c926?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXGF-4CFV-CMQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-23 00:00In ERPNext, versions v11.0.0-beta through v13.0.2 are vulnerable to Missing Authorization, in the chat rooms functionality. A low privileged attacker can send a direct message or a group message to any member or group, impersonating themselves as the administrator. The attacker can also read chat messages of groups that they do not belong to, and of other users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-22T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In ERPNext, versions v11.0.0-beta through v13.0.2 are vulnerable to Missing Authorization, in the chat rooms functionality. A low privileged attacker can send a direct message or a group message to any member or group, impersonating themselves as the administrator. The attacker can also read chat messages of groups that they do not belong to, and of other users.",
"id": "GHSA-gxgf-4cfv-cmq2",
"modified": "2022-06-23T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-06-23T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/frappe/blob/v13.0.2/frappe/chat/doctype/chat_message/chat_message.py#L134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/frappe/blob/v13.0.2/frappe/chat/doctype/chat_message/chat_message.py#L134,https://github.com/frappe/frappe/blob/v13.0.2/frappe/chat/doctype/chat_message/chat_message.py#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/frappe/blob/v13.0.2/frappe/chat/doctype/chat_message/chat_message.py#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mend.io/vulnerability-database/CVE-2022-23055"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXJQ-4VR8-3JM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 09:31 – Updated: 2026-09-04 15:36The Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads WordPress plugin before 8.9 does not verify that the requesting user owns the post being modified before writing uploaded file references to its metadata, allowing users with the subscriber role and above to overwrite image metadata on posts belonging to other users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-84066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-04T07:17:10Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory, Listings \u0026 Classified Ads WordPress plugin before 8.9 does not verify that the requesting user owns the post being modified before writing uploaded file references to its metadata, allowing users with the subscriber role and above to overwrite image metadata on posts belonging to other users.",
"id": "GHSA-gxjq-4vr8-3jm2",
"modified": "2026-09-04T15:36:07Z",
"published": "2026-09-04T09:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/99d990ce-aef3-404d-8ce0-803215fbf0bb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXM5-JRRF-5C4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2023-10-26 22:10Jenkins Artifactory Plugin does not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allows users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Additionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.
As of publication of this advisory, no release containing a fix is available.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:artifactory"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T22:10:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-31T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Artifactory Plugin does not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allows users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, no release containing a fix is available.",
"id": "GHSA-gxm5-jrrf-5c4v",
"modified": "2023-10-26T22:10:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-05-31/#SECURITY-1015%20(1)"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227054747/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/05/31/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Artifactory Plugin missing permission check"
}
GHSA-GXMR-V93G-WPQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-28 18:32 – Updated: 2026-10-28 18:32PostgreSQL Anonymizer's documentation recommends applying rules on partitions and inheritance tables. Direct access to the paritions / inheritance tables is masked but not thru the parent table. The problem is resolved in PostgreSQL Anonymizer 3.3.0 and later versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-105618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-28T18:17:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PostgreSQL Anonymizer\u0027s documentation recommends applying rules on partitions and inheritance tables. Direct access to the paritions / inheritance tables is masked but not thru the parent table. The problem is resolved in PostgreSQL Anonymizer 3.3.0 and later versions.",
"id": "GHSA-gxmr-v93g-wpq2",
"modified": "2026-10-28T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2026-10-28T18:32:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-105618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/dalibo/postgresql_anonymizer/-/issues/696"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXPC-2MM5-C2F6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in PickPlugins Accordion accordions allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Accordion: from n/a through <= 2.3.14.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in PickPlugins Accordion accordions allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Accordion: from n/a through \u003c= 2.3.14.",
"id": "GHSA-gxpc-2mm5-c2f6",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/accordions/vulnerability/wordpress-accordion-plugin-2-3-14-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/accordions/vulnerability/wordpress-accordion-plugin-2-3-14-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/accordions/vulnerability/wordpress-accordion-plugin-2-3-14-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.