CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14602 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W2MH-6XJ5-F77F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-13 00:01 – Updated: 2023-05-24 17:10Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin prior to 746.v350d2781c184, 725.vd9f8be0fa250, 2.9.11.2, and 2.9.7.2 does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read access to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.
An enumeration of credentials IDs in Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 746.v350d2781c184, 725.vd9f8be0fa250, 2.9.11.2, and 2.9.7.2 requires the appropriate permissions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "726.v7e6f53de133c"
},
{
"fixed": "746.v350d2781c184"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "720.vbe985dd73d66"
},
{
"fixed": "725.vd9f8be0fa250"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.9.8"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.11.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-20T22:49:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin prior to 746.v350d2781c184, 725.vd9f8be0fa250, 2.9.11.2, and 2.9.7.2 does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read access to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAn enumeration of credentials IDs in Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 746.v350d2781c184, 725.vd9f8be0fa250, 2.9.11.2, and 2.9.7.2 requires the appropriate permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-w2mh-6xj5-f77f",
"modified": "2023-05-24T17:10:39Z",
"published": "2022-01-13T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/bitbucket-branch-source-plugin/commit/467ed6c94af8735c4755d53145a54325ae82d073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/2d78eb36f4d084db7fb35f1535d8d84fdcb7d859/2022/20xxx/CVE-2022-20618.json"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/bitbucket-branch-source-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-01-12/#SECURITY-2033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/12/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource in Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin"
}
GHSA-W2P6-M52V-4469
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-25 06:33 – Updated: 2025-11-25 06:33The Search Exclude plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a insufficient capability check on the Base::get_rest_permission() method in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to modify plugin settings, such as adding arbitrary posts to the search exclusion list.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-25T04:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Search Exclude plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a insufficient capability check on the Base::get_rest_permission() method in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to modify plugin settings, such as adding arbitrary posts to the search exclusion list.",
"id": "GHSA-w2p6-m52v-4469",
"modified": "2025-11-25T06:33:11Z",
"published": "2025-11-25T06:33:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3379004/search-exclude"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b0f62d05-84fb-4cd6-9e5f-0dcfa305ce68?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2QM-HVP5-MJWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Epsiloncool WP Fast Total Search allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Fast Total Search: from n/a through 1.79.262.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Epsiloncool WP Fast Total Search allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Fast Total Search: from n/a through 1.79.262.",
"id": "GHSA-w2qm-hvp5-mjwc",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:08Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T12:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/fulltext-search/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-fast-total-search-plugin-1-79-262-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2QX-Q8VR-WVVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in BoldThemes Bold Page Builder allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bold Page Builder: from n/a through 5.1.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BoldThemes Bold Page Builder allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bold Page Builder: from n/a through 5.1.3.",
"id": "GHSA-w2qx-q8vr-wvvh",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:27Z",
"published": "2024-11-19T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bold-page-builder/vulnerability/wordpress-bold-page-builder-plugin-5-1-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/bold-page-builder/wordpress-bold-page-builder-plugin-5-1-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2W2-FVC5-FXFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in hashthemes Smart Blocks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Smart Blocks: from n/a through 2.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in hashthemes Smart Blocks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Smart Blocks: from n/a through 2.4.",
"id": "GHSA-w2w2-fvc5-fxfg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:18Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/smart-blocks/vulnerability/wordpress-smart-blocks-plugin-2-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2W4-3X3R-9QM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:40An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Telephony component could enable a local malicious application to access capabilities outside of its permission levels. This issue is rated as Moderate because it could be used to gain access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33815946.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-0554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-07T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Telephony component could enable a local malicious application to access capabilities outside of its permission levels. This issue is rated as Moderate because it could be used to gain access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33815946.",
"id": "GHSA-w2w4-3x3r-9qm5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:40:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:40:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-04-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038201"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2X8-253C-H6CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Preschool and Kindergarten preschool-and-kindergarten allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Preschool and Kindergarten: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32337"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Preschool and Kindergarten preschool-and-kindergarten allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Preschool and Kindergarten: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-w2x8-253c-h6cq",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/preschool-and-kindergarten/vulnerability/wordpress-preschool-and-kindergarten-theme-1-2-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2XJ-H2FQ-HCFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 06:31A security flaw has been discovered in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file channel/channel.py of the component Message Endpoint. The manipulation results in missing authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15332"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T05:16:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file channel/channel.py of the component Message Endpoint. The manipulation results in missing authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-w2xj-h2fq-hcfv",
"modified": "2026-07-10T06:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T06:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/issues/2874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/853105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377275/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W32C-7VQV-H5GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 18:31 – Updated: 2025-06-20 21:31The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 do not have authorisation in an AJAX action, allowing unauthenticated users to retrieve email addresses of any users on the blog
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T16:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 do not have authorisation in an AJAX action, allowing unauthenticated users to retrieve email addresses of any users on the blog",
"id": "GHSA-w32c-7vqv-h5gw",
"modified": "2025-06-20T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-01-16T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e370b99a-f485-42bd-96a3-60432a15a4e9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W336-Q5G2-FV28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-11 18:30The WCFM Frontend Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and access of data in versions up to, and including, 6.6.0 due to missing capability checks on various AJAX actions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions such as subscribers, to perform a wide variety of actions such as modifying knowledge bases, modifying notices, modifying payments, managing vendors, capabilities, and so much more. There were hundreds of AJAX endpoints affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4937"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WCFM Frontend Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and access of data in versions up to, and including, 6.6.0 due to missing capability checks on various AJAX actions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions such as subscribers, to perform a wide variety of actions such as modifying knowledge bases, modifying notices, modifying payments, managing vendors, capabilities, and so much more. There were hundreds of AJAX endpoints affected.",
"id": "GHSA-w336-q5g2-fv28",
"modified": "2023-04-11T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-04-05T18:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4937"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2629284%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2629284%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2630745%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2630745%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2632630%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2632630%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2633187%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2633187%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2634199%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2634199%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d946d4b5-bed7-4808-b133-783b2dcd7992?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.