CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19900 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CM2R-2MX3-6FV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:53The Rank Math SEO plugin 1.0.27 for WordPress allows non-admin users to reset the settings via the wp-admin/admin-post.php reset-cmb parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14786"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Rank Math SEO plugin 1.0.27 for WordPress allows non-admin users to reset the settings via the wp-admin/admin-post.php reset-cmb parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-cm2r-2mx3-6fv2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:53:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rankmath.com/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.pluginvulnerabilities.com/2019/06/20/authenticated-settings-reset-vulnerability-in-rank-math-seo"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM4F-C8MR-RHF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:14SAP ERP HCM (SAP_HRCES) , version 3, does not perform necessary authorization checks for a report that reads payroll data of employees in a certain area. Due to this under certain conditions, the user that once had authorization to payroll data of an employee, which was later revoked, may retain access to the same data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP ERP HCM (SAP_HRCES) , version 3, does not perform necessary authorization checks for a report that reads payroll data of employees in a certain area. Due to this under certain conditions, the user that once had authorization to payroll data of an employee, which was later revoked, may retain access to the same data.",
"id": "GHSA-cm4f-c8mr-rhf2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:14:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2798133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=523994575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/109075"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM4R-MGM8-XJXV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-22 09:33 – Updated: 2024-11-22 09:33The Sky Addons for Elementor (Free Templates Library, Live Copy, Animations, Post Grid, Post Carousel, Particles, Sliders, Chart, Blog, Video Gallery) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save_options() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link. Please note this is limited to option values that can be saved as arrays.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T06:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Sky Addons for Elementor (Free Templates Library, Live Copy, Animations, Post Grid, Post Carousel, Particles, Sliders, Chart, Blog, Video Gallery) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save_options() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link. Please note this is limited to option values that can be saved as arrays.",
"id": "GHSA-cm4r-mgm8-xjxv",
"modified": "2024-11-22T09:33:03Z",
"published": "2024-11-22T09:33:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sky-elementor-addons/tags/2.6.1/includes/admin.php#L1267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sky-elementor-addons/tags/2.6.1/includes/admin.php#L1290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3189030%40sky-elementor-addons\u0026new=3189030%40sky-elementor-addons\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5b951fd9-0fbf-4576-80a9-dbb053c3da92?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM55-W5WP-4FGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-28 00:33 – Updated: 2024-06-28 00:33PTC Creo Elements/Direct License Server exposes a web interface which can be used by unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T23:15:50Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PTC Creo Elements/Direct License Server exposes a web interface which can be used by unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-cm55-w5wp-4fgq",
"modified": "2024-06-28T00:33:31Z",
"published": "2024-06-28T00:33:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-177-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS417607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM58-GFJF-FC84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in activity-log.com Profiler - What Slowing Down Your WP allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Profiler - What Slowing Down Your WP: from n/a through 1.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48339"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T12:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in activity-log.com Profiler - What Slowing Down Your WP allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Profiler - What Slowing Down Your WP: from n/a through 1.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-cm58-gfjf-fc84",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:43Z",
"published": "2025-07-16T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/profiler-what-slowing-down/vulnerability/wordpress-profiler-what-slowing-down-your-wp-1-0-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM5V-8JG4-G44J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Passionate Brains GA4WP: Google Analytics for WordPress ga-for-wp allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GA4WP: Google Analytics for WordPress: from n/a through <= 2.10.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68028"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Passionate Brains GA4WP: Google Analytics for WordPress ga-for-wp allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GA4WP: Google Analytics for WordPress: from n/a through \u003c= 2.10.0.",
"id": "GHSA-cm5v-8jg4-g44j",
"modified": "2026-02-25T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ga-for-wp/vulnerability/wordpress-ga4wp-google-analytics-for-wordpress-plugin-2-10-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM6F-XJJV-F446
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:50A malicious extension could have called browser.identity.launchWebAuthFlow, controlling the redirect_uri, and through the Promise returned, obtain the Auth code and gain access to the user's account at the service provider. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 75.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6823"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-24T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A malicious extension could have called \u003ccode\u003ebrowser.identity.launchWebAuthFlow\u003c/code\u003e, controlling the redirect_uri, and through the Promise returned, obtain the Auth code and gain access to the user\u0027s account at the service provider. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 75.",
"id": "GHSA-cm6f-xjjv-f446",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:50:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1614919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM6G-G23Q-P3FG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-11 00:31 – Updated: 2026-10-11 00:31JeecgBoot through 3.9.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the sendBusAnnouncement handler of SystemApiController that allows any authenticated user to send announcements without the required permissions. Low-privileged attackers can POST crafted bodies to /sys/api/sendBusAnnouncement with forged sender, recipients, title and content to deliver spoofed admin or system messages for phishing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-108679"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-10T22:16:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "JeecgBoot through 3.9.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the sendBusAnnouncement handler of SystemApiController that allows any authenticated user to send announcements without the required permissions. Low-privileged attackers can POST crafted bodies to /sys/api/sendBusAnnouncement with forged sender, recipients, title and content to deliver spoofed admin or system messages for phishing.",
"id": "GHSA-cm6g-g23q-p3fg",
"modified": "2026-10-11T00:31:00Z",
"published": "2026-10-11T00:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-108679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AnkesKasty/cve-request-poc/blob/a7b6d1423555812d8efa26c91c5d0683164b31e5/JeecgBoot/poc_sys_api_credential_family.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jeecgboot/JeecgBoot/blob/e3b9dc0aefe1943d9772b026f64ed671a7c82802/jeecg-boot/jeecg-module-system/jeecg-system-biz/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/api/controller/SystemApiController.java#L53-L56"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jeecgboot-through-3.9.5-missing-authorization-via-sys-api-sendbusannouncement"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM72-J98H-Q99G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 18:34 – Updated: 2026-08-21 18:34Jet Admin allows an attacker to create a malicious app and connect it to a target user's custom domain, edit the authentication configuration, and reroute traffic to the attacker-controlled app. Once connected to the target domain, the attacker's workspace is populated with the victim's OAuth Client ID and Client Secret if the victim is using an OAuth provider.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-75932"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-21T16:18:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Jet Admin allows an attacker to create a malicious app and connect it to a target user\u0027s custom domain, edit the authentication configuration, and reroute traffic to the attacker-controlled app. Once connected to the target domain, the attacker\u0027s workspace is populated with the victim\u0027s OAuth Client ID and Client Secret if the victim is using an OAuth provider.",
"id": "GHSA-cm72-j98h-q99g",
"modified": "2026-08-21T18:34:57Z",
"published": "2026-08-21T18:34:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-75932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2026/va-26-232-02.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-75932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetadmin.io"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM76-WPCG-HP8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-16 18:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss RegistrationMagic custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects RegistrationMagic: from n/a through <= 6.0.7.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32385"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss RegistrationMagic custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects RegistrationMagic: from n/a through \u003c= 6.0.7.6.",
"id": "GHSA-cm76-wpcg-hp8m",
"modified": "2026-03-16T18:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-registrationmagic-plugin-6-0-7-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.