CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6XRF-25HF-GFPV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-22 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:30The Motors WordPress plugin before 1.4.110 does not have proper authorisation and CSRF checks on one of its AJAX actions, allowing unauthenticated attackers to modify arbitrary post metadata, such as the gallery, featured image and, on WooCommerce sites, product prices.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T06:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Motors WordPress plugin before 1.4.110 does not have proper authorisation and CSRF checks on one of its AJAX actions, allowing unauthenticated attackers to modify arbitrary post metadata, such as the gallery, featured image and, on WooCommerce sites, product prices.",
"id": "GHSA-6xrf-25hf-gfpv",
"modified": "2026-06-22T15:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-06-22T09:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3c11e490-92d8-46e1-a0ae-7c4c703ac411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XRW-24FX-4QCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-12 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-12 18:31Grav Guestbook plugin 0.5.0 and 0.5.1 contains missing authorization and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities in Admin moderation actions delete, approve, and approveAll. Authenticated Admin users lacking the admin.guestbook permission, or external sites abusing a moderator's session via nonce-less GET requests, can delete or approve Guestbook entries.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-109319"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-12T17:17:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Grav Guestbook plugin 0.5.0 and 0.5.1 contains missing authorization and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities in Admin moderation actions delete, approve, and approveAll. Authenticated Admin users lacking the admin.guestbook permission, or external sites abusing a moderator\u0027s session via nonce-less GET requests, can delete or approve Guestbook entries.",
"id": "GHSA-6xrw-24fx-4qcf",
"modified": "2026-10-12T18:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-10-12T18:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-wxr7-h5mm-c7mv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-guestbook-plugin-0.5.0-and-0.5.1-missing-authorization-and-csrf-in-moderation"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7223-6CMW-XWRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tobias Conrad Design for Contact Form 7 Style WordPress Plugin – CF7 WOW Styler.This issue affects Design for Contact Form 7 Style WordPress Plugin – CF7 WOW Styler: from n/a through 1.6.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T15:16:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tobias Conrad Design for Contact Form 7 Style WordPress Plugin \u2013 CF7 WOW Styler.This issue affects Design for Contact Form 7 Style WordPress Plugin \u2013 CF7 WOW Styler: from n/a through 1.6.4.",
"id": "GHSA-7223-6cmw-xwrj",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:49Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/cf7-styler/vulnerability/wordpress-cf7-wow-styler-plugin-1-6-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/cf7-styler/wordpress-cf7-wow-styler-plugin-1-6-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7228-8QFM-PV8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-06-19 15:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in Woo WooCommerce Warranty Requests.This issue affects WooCommerce Warranty Requests: from n/a through 2.1.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37870"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-19T13:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Woo WooCommerce Warranty Requests.This issue affects WooCommerce Warranty Requests: from n/a through 2.1.9.",
"id": "GHSA-7228-8qfm-pv8c",
"modified": "2024-06-19T15:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-06-19T15:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-warranty/wordpress-woocommerce-warranty-requests-plugin-2-1-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7229-CCXJ-3PGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 06:35 – Updated: 2025-02-18 06:35The Affiliate Links: WordPress Plugin for Link Cloaking and Link Management plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.1 via deserialization of untrusted input from an file export. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T06:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Affiliate Links: WordPress Plugin for Link Cloaking and Link Management plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.1 via deserialization of untrusted input from an file export. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.",
"id": "GHSA-7229-ccxj-3pgp",
"modified": "2025-02-18T06:35:39Z",
"published": "2025-02-18T06:35:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3238736%40affiliate-links\u0026new=3238736%40affiliate-links\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/290027c3-6b0a-43b9-9220-b8c641eb73f7?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-722J-2MGG-RGC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The Play.ht – Make Your Blog Posts Accessible With Text to Speech Audio plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of functionality due to a missing capability check on several functions in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or higher, to delete, retrieve, or modify post metadata, retrieve posts contents of protected posts, modify conversion data and delete article audio.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0828"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-13T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Play.ht \u2013 Make Your Blog Posts Accessible With Text to Speech Audio plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of functionality due to a missing capability check on several functions in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or higher, to delete, retrieve, or modify post metadata, retrieve posts contents of protected posts, modify conversion data and delete article audio.",
"id": "GHSA-722j-2mgg-rgc3",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:43Z",
"published": "2024-03-13T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/play-ht/trunk/includes/class-ajax-handler.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5708a414-7cd8-4926-8871-3248ebf4c39d?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-722P-38C9-383J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-722p-38c9-383j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:41Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7234-66P2-JH2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-10-02 12:31SiYuan before v3.8.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the getRefCreateSavePath, getShorthandSavePath, and getDocCreateSavePath endpoints that allows read-only publish visitors to learn unpublished notebook box IDs. Attackers with read-only or anonymous publish access can POST any open notebook ID to receive the global save-box ID and save-path template, revealing a hidden notebook's existence and creation time.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-103762"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T12:17:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SiYuan before v3.8.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the getRefCreateSavePath, getShorthandSavePath, and getDocCreateSavePath endpoints that allows read-only publish visitors to learn unpublished notebook box IDs. Attackers with read-only or anonymous publish access can POST any open notebook ID to receive the global save-box ID and save-path template, revealing a hidden notebook\u0027s existence and creation time.",
"id": "GHSA-7234-66p2-jh2w",
"modified": "2026-10-02T12:31:13Z",
"published": "2026-10-02T12:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/advisories/GHSA-2mrf-mx66-vv6g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-103762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/siyuan-before-3.8.5-missing-authorization-in-save-path-resolver-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7238-MJJF-8JJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-21 09:31 – Updated: 2026-11-06 12:30A flaw was found in the Authorization Services component of Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution. The issue occurs in the policy evaluation endpoint, which is used by administrators to test how access policies apply to specific users. Due to missing authorization checks, a delegated administrator with limited viewing privileges can access the full profile and role information of any user in the realm, even if they are not permitted to view user details. This could lead to the exposure of sensitive information such as email addresses and assigned security roles.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-94213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-21T07:16:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Authorization Services component of Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution. The issue occurs in the policy evaluation endpoint, which is used by administrators to test how access policies apply to specific users. Due to missing authorization checks, a delegated administrator with limited viewing privileges can access the full profile and role information of any user in the realm, even if they are not permitted to view user details. This could lead to the exposure of sensitive information such as email addresses and assigned security roles.",
"id": "GHSA-7238-mjjf-8jj4",
"modified": "2026-11-06T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-09-21T09:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-94213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2537310"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7242-JXQH-9VJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 06:30 – Updated: 2024-09-10 06:30Due to missing authorization check in SAP for Oil & Gas (Transportation and Distribution), an attacker authenticated as a non-administrative user could call a remote-enabled function which will allow them to delete non-sensitive entries in a user data table. There is no effect on confidentiality or availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T04:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to missing authorization check in SAP for Oil \u0026 Gas (Transportation and Distribution), an attacker authenticated as a non-administrative user could call a remote-enabled function which will allow them to delete non-sensitive entries in a user data table. There is no effect on confidentiality or availability.",
"id": "GHSA-7242-jxqh-9vj3",
"modified": "2024-09-10T06:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-09-10T06:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3505293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.