Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14999 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GM4W-WF6F-2GHM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-23 09:32
VLAI
Details

A Missing Authorization vulnerability in selinux policycoreutils seunshares allows a user that is running in unconfined context to kill e.g. root-owned processes running also in unconfined context

This issue affects policycoreutils through 3.10.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59677"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T08:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Missing Authorization vulnerability in selinux policycoreutils seunshares allows a\u00a0user that is running in unconfined context to kill e.g. root-owned processes running also in\nunconfined context\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects policycoreutils through 3.10.",
  "id": "GHSA-gm4w-wf6f-2ghm",
  "modified": "2026-07-23T09:32:00Z",
  "published": "2026-07-23T09:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.opensuse.org/2026/07/15/selinux-seunshare.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GM5C-568J-9FJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-04 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-07 00:30
VLAI
Details

In imsservice, there is a possible way to write permission usage records of an app due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42678"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-04T01:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In imsservice, there is a possible way to write permission usage records of an app due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed",
  "id": "GHSA-gm5c-568j-9fjq",
  "modified": "2023-12-07T00:30:37Z",
  "published": "2023-12-04T03:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1731138365803266049"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GM5W-P3XR-7GH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-11 06:31
VLAI
Details

The Affilia – Affiliate Program & Referral Tracking for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to approve or reject affiliate referrals, credit commissions to affiliate wallets, delete referral records, and modify custom banner plugin options, enabling financial fraud. The nonce required to pass the only authentication check is embedded in every frontend page load via rtwalwm_global_params.rtwalwm_nonce, making it trivially accessible to any authenticated user regardless of role.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-7559"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T05:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Affilia \u2013 Affiliate Program \u0026 Referral Tracking for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to approve or reject affiliate referrals, credit commissions to affiliate wallets, delete referral records, and modify custom banner plugin options, enabling financial fraud. The nonce required to pass the only authentication check is embedded in every frontend page load via rtwalwm_global_params.rtwalwm_nonce, making it trivially accessible to any authenticated user regardless of role.",
  "id": "GHSA-gm5w-p3xr-7gh2",
  "modified": "2026-07-11T06:31:16Z",
  "published": "2026-07-11T06:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7559"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/tags/3.3.3/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/tags/3.3.3/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L742"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/tags/3.3.3/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/tags/3.3.3/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/tags/3.3.3/public/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-public.php#L127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/trunk/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/trunk/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L742"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/trunk/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/trunk/admin/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-admin.php#L837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm/trunk/public/rtwalwm-class-wp-wc-affiliate-program-public.php#L127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3542527%40affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm\u0026new=3542527%40affiliaa-affiliate-program-with-mlm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/85a37373-a97f-44b7-a743-bbaaa0056a6c?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GM76-WJF8-PQMP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in EventPrime Events EventPrime allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through 4.0.3.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43223"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in EventPrime Events EventPrime allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through 4.0.3.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-gm76-wjf8-pqmp",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43223"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/eventprime-event-calendar-management/wordpress-eventprime-plugin-4-0-3-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GM9C-2H9V-JGP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-24 03:32 – Updated: 2024-09-04 00:31
VLAI
Details

The Social Auto Poster plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data to a missing capability check on the ‘wpw_auto_poster_update_tweet_template’ function in all versions up to, and including, 5.3.14. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary post metadata.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6754"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-24T03:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Social Auto Poster plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data to a missing capability check on the \u2018wpw_auto_poster_update_tweet_template\u2019 function in all versions up to, and including, 5.3.14. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary post metadata.",
  "id": "GHSA-gm9c-2h9v-jgp5",
  "modified": "2024-09-04T00:31:14Z",
  "published": "2024-07-24T03:32:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6754"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/social-auto-poster-wordpress-scheduler-marketing-plugin/5754169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/72934d2f-fd52-46d1-8cf9-9a20968899f7?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GMFW-VPX2-GV67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-15 12:01 – Updated: 2022-10-19 12:00
VLAI
Details

In soundrecorder service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to elevation of privilege in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38669"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-14T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In soundrecorder service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to elevation of privilege in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmfw-vpx2-gv67",
  "modified": "2022-10-19T12:00:24Z",
  "published": "2022-10-15T12:01:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1575654905820020738"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GMG8-3R2G-98X3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-14 00:33 – Updated: 2024-06-14 00:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bryan Lee Kingkong Board.This issue affects Kingkong Board: from n/a through 2.1.0.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-36694"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-14T00:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bryan Lee Kingkong Board.This issue affects Kingkong Board: from n/a through 2.1.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmg8-3r2g-98x3",
  "modified": "2024-06-14T00:33:07Z",
  "published": "2024-06-14T00:33:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/kingkong-board/wordpress-kingkong-board-plugin-2-1-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GMH4-W5MW-QW74

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 12:31 – Updated: 2024-11-19 12:31
VLAI
Details

The Classified Listing – Classified ads & Business Directory Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a misconfigured check on the 'rtcl_import_settings' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.15.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update limited arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the Subscriber role with Administrator-level capabilities to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site. The vulnerability is limited in that the option updated must have a value that is an array.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11194"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T12:15:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Classified Listing \u2013 Classified ads \u0026 Business Directory Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a misconfigured check on the \u0027rtcl_import_settings\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.15.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update limited arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the Subscriber role with Administrator-level capabilities to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site. The vulnerability is limited in that the option updated must have a value that is an array.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmh4-w5mw-qw74",
  "modified": "2024-11-19T12:31:05Z",
  "published": "2024-11-19T12:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/classified-listing/tags/3.1.12/app/Controllers/Ajax/Import.php#L309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/classified-listing/tags/3.1.12/app/Controllers/Ajax/Import.php#L473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3189516"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/13d9a59f-1a1a-4936-a5ab-8a5e0c50303b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GMHF-37FX-C4Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2023-02-03 20:40
VLAI
Summary
Missing permission checks in Jenkins Orka Plugin allow capturing credentials
Details

Missing permission checks in Jenkins Orka by MacStadium Plugin 1.31 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.jenkins.plugins:macstadium-orka"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.32"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-24433"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-27T01:26:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:18:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins Orka by MacStadium Plugin 1.31 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmhf-37fx-c4q8",
  "modified": "2023-02-03T20:40:11Z",
  "published": "2023-01-26T21:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24433"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-01-24/#SECURITY-2772%20(2)"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins Orka Plugin allow capturing credentials"
}

GHSA-GMJ8-3PWF-6MRG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38
VLAI
Details

CompuLab Intense PC and MintBox 2 devices with BIOS before 2017-05-21 do not use the CloseMnf protection mechanism for write protection of flash memory regions, which allows local users to install a firmware rootkit by leveraging administrative privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8083"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-06-06T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CompuLab Intense PC and MintBox 2 devices with BIOS before 2017-05-21 do not use the CloseMnf protection mechanism for write protection of flash memory regions, which allows local users to install a firmware rootkit by leveraging administrative privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmj8-3pwf-6mrg",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://watchmysys.com/blog/2017/06/cve-2017-8083-compulab-intensepc-lacks-bios-wp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Jun/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.