CWE-732
Allowed-with-ReviewIncorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
2075 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-668P-6WX6-XP5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-19 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:36A permission misconfiguration in UI Desktop for Windows (Version 0.59.1.71 and earlier) could allow an user to hijack VPN credentials while UID VPN is starting.This vulnerability is fixed in Version 0.62.3 and later.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28123"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-19T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A permission misconfiguration in UI Desktop for Windows (Version 0.59.1.71 and earlier) could allow an user to hijack VPN credentials while UID VPN is starting.This vulnerability is fixed in Version 0.62.3 and later.",
"id": "GHSA-668p-6wx6-xp5r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:36:15Z",
"published": "2023-04-19T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-029-029/a47c68f2-1f3a-47c3-b577-eb70599644e4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-66MV-Q8R2-HJ8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2024-04-23 22:34Drupal core 7.x versions before 7.57 when using Drupal's private file system, Drupal will check to make sure a user has access to a file before allowing the user to view or download it. This check fails under certain conditions in which one module is trying to grant access to the file and another is trying to deny it, leading to an access bypass vulnerability. This vulnerability is mitigated by the fact that it only occurs for unusual site configurations.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.57"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.57"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6928"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T22:34:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-01T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Drupal core 7.x versions before 7.57 when using Drupal\u0027s private file system, Drupal will check to make sure a user has access to a file before allowing the user to view or download it. This check fails under certain conditions in which one module is trying to grant access to the file and another is trying to deny it, leading to an access bypass vulnerability. This vulnerability is mitigated by the fact that it only occurs for unusual site configurations.",
"id": "GHSA-66mv-q8r2-hj8w",
"modified": "2024-04-23T22:34:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:46:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/core/CVE-2017-6928.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/CVE-2017-6928.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/02/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Drupal access bypass vulnerability"
}
GHSA-66PQ-MWG2-MC6Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37An incorrect permission assignment (chmod 777) of /etc/environment during the installation script of No Magic TeamworkCloud 18.0 through 19.0 allows any local unprivileged user to write to /etc/environment. An attacker can escalate to root by writing arbitrary code to this file, which would be executed by root during the next login, reboot, or sourcing of the environment.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An incorrect permission assignment (chmod 777) of /etc/environment during the installation script of No Magic TeamworkCloud 18.0 through 19.0 allows any local unprivileged user to write to /etc/environment. An attacker can escalate to root by writing arbitrary code to this file, which would be executed by root during the next login, reboot, or sourcing of the environment.",
"id": "GHSA-66pq-mwg2-mc6q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.nomagic.com/finding-and-fixing-wrong-file-permission-twc-installation-t7165.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.nomagic.com/display/TWCloud190/Installation+on+Linux+using+scripts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sickcodes/security/blob/master/advisories/SICK-2020-002.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.codes/finding-a-vulnerability-in-teamwork-cloud-server-nomagic-3ds-which-is-used-by-gov-enterprise-to-design-rockets-missiles-and-satellites"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.codes/sick-2020-002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201219095507/https://docs.nomagic.com/display/TWCloud185SP1/Installation+on+Centos+7."
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201219155833/https://docs.nomagic.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=20846937"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-677P-WRJ2-2CG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53NVIDIA Jetson TX2 contains a vulnerability in the kernel driver where input/output control (IOCTL) handling for user mode requests could create a non-trusted pointer dereference, which may lead to information disclosure, denial of service, escalation of privileges, or code execution. The updates apply to all versions prior to R28.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6269"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-12T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Jetson TX2 contains a vulnerability in the kernel driver where input/output control (IOCTL) handling for user mode requests could create a non-trusted pointer dereference, which may lead to information disclosure, denial of service, escalation of privileges, or code execution. The updates apply to all versions prior to R28.3.",
"id": "GHSA-677p-wrj2-2cg2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4804"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-67VH-5V34-43VX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2022-11-10 19:01Improper authorization vulnerability in StorageManagerService prior to SMR Nov-2022 Release 1 allows local attacker to call privileged API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper authorization vulnerability in StorageManagerService prior to SMR Nov-2022 Release 1 allows local attacker to call privileged API.",
"id": "GHSA-67vh-5v34-43vx",
"modified": "2022-11-10T19:01:09Z",
"published": "2022-11-10T12:01:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6837-F96C-5J64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38A permissions flaw was found in redis, which sets weak permissions on certain files and directories that could potentially contain sensitive information. A local, unprivileged user could possibly use this flaw to access unauthorized system information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2121"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-31T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A permissions flaw was found in redis, which sets weak permissions on certain files and directories that could potentially contain sensitive information. A local, unprivileged user could possibly use this flaw to access unauthorized system information.",
"id": "GHSA-6837-f96c-5j64",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-2121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1390588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2016-2121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94111"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-683R-JH49-FPR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:07Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary password files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary password files.",
"id": "GHSA-683r-jh49-fpr4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:07:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:07:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4882-c0310-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6858-383C-7XHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Grafana Enterprise 7.2.x and 7.3.x before 7.3.10 and 7.4.x before 7.4.5 allows a dashboard editor to bypass a permission check concerning a data source they should not be able to access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-22T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Grafana Enterprise 7.2.x and 7.3.x before 7.3.10 and 7.4.x before 7.4.5 allows a dashboard editor to bypass a permission check concerning a data source they should not be able to access.",
"id": "GHSA-6858-383c-7xhr",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.grafana.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.grafana.com/t/grafana-enterprise-6-7-6-7-3-10-and-7-4-5-security-update/44724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.grafana.com/t/release-notes-v6-7-x/27119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2021/03/18/grafana-6.7.6-7.3.10-and-7.4.5-released-with-important-security-fixes-for-grafana-enterprise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/release-notes/release-notes-7-4-5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/03/19/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6893-WC3F-PWH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49An improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows a regular user edit the avatar picture of other users with arbitrary content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1354"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-27T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows a regular user edit the avatar picture of other users with arbitrary content.",
"id": "GHSA-6893-wc3f-pwh2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-18-014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041183"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-689W-78JV-M8QF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-05 00:00PingCentral versions prior to listed versions expose Spring Boot actuator endpoints that with administrative authentication return large amounts of sensitive environmental and application information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23726"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-30T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PingCentral versions prior to listed versions expose Spring Boot actuator endpoints that with administrative authentication return large amounts of sensitive environmental and application information.",
"id": "GHSA-689w-78jv-m8qf",
"modified": "2022-10-05T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-10-01T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.pingidentity.com/bundle/pingcentral-110/page/sdd1651696160285.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.pingidentity.com/en/resources/downloads/pingcentral.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.
Mitigation
Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.
Mitigation
For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.
Mitigation
Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.
Mitigation
Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.
Mitigation MIT-37
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse
An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code
The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.
CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process
An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-61: Session Fixation
The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.
CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries
Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.