CWE-732
Allowed-with-ReviewIncorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
2077 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JQF7-WH3W-W6M5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:59Insecure inherited permissions in the Intel(R) NUC Software Studio Service installer before version 1.17.38.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-277",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-10T14:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insecure inherited permissions in the Intel(R) NUC Software Studio Service installer before version 1.17.38.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access",
"id": "GHSA-jqf7-wh3w-w6m5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:59:28Z",
"published": "2023-05-10T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00854.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQMC-79GX-7G8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-23 22:00An incorrect sysctls validation vulnerability was found in CRI-O 1.18 and earlier. The sysctls from the list of "safe" sysctls specified for the cluster will be applied to the host if an attacker is able to create a pod with a hostIPC and hostNetwork kernel namespace.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cri-o/cri-o"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-11T18:50:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An incorrect sysctls validation vulnerability was found in CRI-O 1.18 and earlier. The sysctls from the list of \"safe\" sysctls specified for the cluster will be applied to the host if an attacker is able to create a pod with a hostIPC and hostNetwork kernel namespace.",
"id": "GHSA-jqmc-79gx-7g8p",
"modified": "2022-02-23T22:00:51Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/pull/5610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2051730"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/releases/tag/v1.23.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/sysctl-cluster/#enabling-unsafe-sysctls"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource in CRI-O"
}
GHSA-JRGV-WC94-68JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53An issue was discovered in MalwareFox AntiMalware 2.74.0.150. Improper access control in zam32.sys and zam64.sys allows a non-privileged process to register itself with the driver by connecting to the filter communication port and then using IOCTL 0x8000204C to \.\ZemanaAntiMalware to elevate privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-03T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in MalwareFox AntiMalware 2.74.0.150. Improper access control in zam32.sys and zam64.sys allows a non-privileged process to register itself with the driver by connecting to the filter communication port and then using IOCTL 0x8000204C to \\\\.\\ZemanaAntiMalware to elevate privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-jrgv-wc94-68jw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SouhailHammou/Exploits/blob/master/CVE-2018-6593/Malwarefox_privescl_0.c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43973"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW7-RXVM-X5JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53The AMD Ryzen, Ryzen Pro, and Ryzen Mobile processor chips have insufficient access control for the Secure Processor, aka RYZENFALL-1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8931"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-22T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The AMD Ryzen, Ryzen Pro, and Ryzen Mobile processor chips have insufficient access control for the Secure Processor, aka RYZENFALL-1.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw7-rxvm-x5jj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://amdflaws.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.trailofbits.com/2018/03/15/amd-flaws-technical-summary"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.amd.com/community/amd-corporate/blog/2018/03/21/initial-amd-technical-assessment-of-cts-labs-research"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://safefirmware.com/amdflaws_whitepaper.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV98-PPXJ-HJ8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-12 03:31An Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability exists in the ASUS Business System Control Interface driver. This vulnerability can be triggered by an unprivileged local user sending a specially crafted IOCTL request, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive hardware resources and kernel information disclosure. Refer to the "ASUS Business System Control Interface" section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T03:15:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Incorrect\nPermission Assignment vulnerability exists in the ASUS Business\nSystem Control Interface driver. This vulnerability can be triggered by an unprivileged local user sending a\nspecially crafted IOCTL request,\npotentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive hardware resources\nand kernel information disclosure. Refer to the \"ASUS Business System Control Interface\" section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.",
"id": "GHSA-jv98-ppxj-hj8j",
"modified": "2026-03-12T03:31:06Z",
"published": "2026-03-12T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asus.com/content/security-advisory"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV9C-W74Q-6762
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2021-05-24 16:53Impact
Insecure permissions on temporary directories used in explicit and implicit container build operations.
When a Singularity command that results in a container build operation is executed, it is possible for a user with access to the system to read the contents of the image during the build. Additionally, if the image contains a world-writable file or directory, it is possible for a user to inject arbitrary content into the running build, which in certain circumstances may enable arbitrary code execution during the build and/or when the built container is run.
Patches
This issue is addressed in Singularity 3.6.3.
All users are advised to upgrade to 3.6.3.
Workarounds
The issue is mitigated if TMPDIR is set to a location that is only accessible to the user, as any subdirectories directly under TMPDIR cannot then be accessed by others. However, this is difficult to enforce so it is not recommended to rely on this as a mitigation.
For more information
General questions about the impact of the advisory / changes made in the 3.6.0 release can be asked in the:
Any sensitive security concerns should be directed to: security@sylabs.io
See our Security Policy here: https://sylabs.io/security-policy
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/sylabs/singularity"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-668",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T16:53:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-16T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nInsecure permissions on temporary directories used in explicit and implicit container build operations.\n\nWhen a Singularity command that results in a container build operation is executed, it is possible for a user with access to the system to read the contents of the image during the build. Additionally, if the image contains a world-writable file or directory, it is possible for a user to inject arbitrary content into the running build, which in certain circumstances may enable arbitrary code execution during the build and/or when the built container is run.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue is addressed in Singularity 3.6.3.\n\nAll users are advised to upgrade to 3.6.3.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe issue is mitigated if `TMPDIR` is set to a location that is only accessible to the user, as any subdirectories directly under `TMPDIR` cannot then be accessed by others. However, this is difficult to enforce so it is not recommended to rely on this as a mitigation.\n\n### For more information\n\nGeneral questions about the impact of the advisory / changes made in the 3.6.0 release can be asked in the:\n\n* [Singularity Slack Channel](https://bit.ly/2m0g3lX)\n* [Singularity Mailing List](https://groups.google.com/a/lbl.gov/forum/??sdf%7Csort:date#!forum/singularity)\n\nAny sensitive security concerns should be directed to: security@sylabs.io\n\nSee our Security Policy here: https://sylabs.io/security-policy",
"id": "GHSA-jv9c-w74q-6762",
"modified": "2021-05-24T16:53:16Z",
"published": "2021-05-24T16:56:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hpcng/singularity/security/advisories/GHSA-jv9c-w74q-6762"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/sylabs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00070.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00088.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Insecure permissions on build temporary rootfs in Singularity"
}
GHSA-JVC7-79Q4-7754
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16In all versions of GitLab CE/EE since version 8.12, an authenticated low-privileged malicious user may create a project with unlimited repository size by modifying values in a project export.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39868"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In all versions of GitLab CE/EE since version 8.12, an authenticated low-privileged malicious user may create a project with unlimited repository size by modifying values in a project export.",
"id": "GHSA-jvc7-79q4-7754",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/420258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2021/CVE-2021-39868.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/24649"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JVX5-RM6Q-GX7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-11-12 23:01 – Updated: 2021-08-18 22:29SilverStripe through 4.3.3 has incorrect access control for protected files uploaded via Upload::loadIntoFile(). An attacker may be able to guess a filename in silverstripe/assets via the AssetControlExtension.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/assets"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/assets"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-11-12T22:50:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SilverStripe through 4.3.3 has incorrect access control for protected files uploaded via Upload::loadIntoFile(). An attacker may be able to guess a filename in silverstripe/assets via the AssetControlExtension.",
"id": "GHSA-jvx5-rm6q-gx7p",
"modified": "2021-08-18T22:29:09Z",
"published": "2019-11-12T23:01:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.silverstripe.org/c/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/silverstripe/assets/CVE-2019-12245.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases/CVE-2019-12245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases/cve-2019-12245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Lack of access control on upoaded files"
}
GHSA-JW82-XJGR-G6F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2023-08-23 21:44Withdrawn Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
An insecure modification vulnerability flaw was found in containers using nmstate/kubernetes-nmstate-handler. An attacker with access to the container could use this flaw to modify /etc/passwd and escalate their privileges. Versions before kubernetes-nmstate-handler-container-v2.3.0-30 are affected.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.3.0-30"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/nmstate/kubernetes-nmstate"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-1742"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-13T23:17:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-07T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Withdrawn Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nAn insecure modification vulnerability flaw was found in containers using nmstate/kubernetes-nmstate-handler. An attacker with access to the container could use this flaw to modify /etc/passwd and escalate their privileges. Versions before kubernetes-nmstate-handler-container-v2.3.0-30 are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-jw82-xjgr-g6f8",
"modified": "2023-08-23T21:44:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1803608"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Withdrawn Advisory: kubernetes-nmstate Insecure Privilege Management",
"withdrawn": "2023-08-23T21:44:47Z"
}
GHSA-JWC2-228H-VCWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-15 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle User Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Search and Register Users). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.4-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle User Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle User Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30708"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T21:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle User Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Search and Register Users). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.4-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle User Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle User Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-jwc2-228h-vcwr",
"modified": "2025-04-15T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.
Mitigation
Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.
Mitigation
For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.
Mitigation
Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.
Mitigation
Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.
Mitigation MIT-37
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse
An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code
The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.
CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process
An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-61: Session Fixation
The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.
CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries
Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.