Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-732

Allowed-with-Review

Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.

2075 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F955-5PQG-Q2Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50
VLAI
Details

Crossroads 2.81 does not properly handle the /tmp directory during a build of xr. A local attacker can first create a world-writable subdirectory in a certain location under the /tmp directory, wait until a user process copies xr there, and then replace the entire contents of this subdirectory to include a Trojan horse xr.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-18654"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-26T00:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Crossroads 2.81 does not properly handle the /tmp directory during a build of xr. A local attacker can first create a world-writable subdirectory in a certain location under the /tmp directory, wait until a user process copies xr there, and then replace the entire contents of this subdirectory to include a Trojan horse xr.",
  "id": "GHSA-f955-5pqg-q2q8",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:50:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/911877"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9JX-XX7W-9JGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:39 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:39
VLAI
Details

All versions of NVIDIA GPU and GeForce Experience installer contain a vulnerability where it fails to set proper permissions on the package extraction path thus allowing a non-privileged user to tamper with the extracted files, potentially leading to escalation of privileges via code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-0317"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-02-15T23:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of NVIDIA GPU and GeForce Experience installer contain a vulnerability where it fails to set proper permissions on the package extraction path thus allowing a non-privileged user to tamper with the extracted files, potentially leading to escalation of privileges via code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9jx-xx7w-9jgq",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:39:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:39:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4398"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9VH-FJMH-Q969

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-20 21:31 – Updated: 2023-11-27 18:31
VLAI
Details

The WP Hotel Booking WordPress plugin before 2.0.8 does not have authorisation and CSRF checks, as well as does not ensure that the package to be deleted is a package, allowing any authenticated users, such as subscriber to delete arbitrary posts

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5651"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-20T19:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Hotel Booking WordPress plugin before 2.0.8 does not have authorisation and CSRF checks, as well as does not ensure that the package to be deleted is a package, allowing any authenticated users, such as subscriber to delete arbitrary posts",
  "id": "GHSA-f9vh-fjmh-q969",
  "modified": "2023-11-27T18:31:13Z",
  "published": "2023-11-20T21:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/a365c050-96ae-4266-aa87-850ee259ee2c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9XF-JQ4J-VQW4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 21:02 – Updated: 2024-07-08 20:41
VLAI
Summary
Rancher does not properly specify ApiGroup when creating Kubernetes RBAC resources
Details

A vulnerability was discovered in Rancher versions 2.0 through the aforementioned fixed versions, where users were granted access to resources regardless of the resource's API group. For example Rancher should have allowed users access to apps.catalog.cattle.io, but instead incorrectly gave access to apps.*. Resource affected include:

Downstream clusters: apiservices clusters clusterrepos persistentvolumes storageclasses

Rancher management cluster apprevisions apps catalogtemplates catalogtemplateversions clusteralertgroups clusteralertrules clustercatalogs clusterloggings clustermonitorgraphs clusterregistrationtokens clusterroletemplatebindings clusterscans etcdbackups nodepools nodes notifiers pipelineexecutions pipelines pipelinesettings podsecuritypolicytemplateprojectbindings projectalertgroups projectalertrules projectcatalogs projectloggings projectmonitorgraphs projectroletemplatebindings projects secrets sourcecodeproviderconfigs

There is not a direct mitigation besides upgrading to the patched Rancher versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/rancher/rancher"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/rancher/rancher"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25318"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T21:02:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-15T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was discovered in Rancher versions 2.0 through the aforementioned fixed versions, where users were granted access to resources regardless of the resource\u0027s API group. For example Rancher should have allowed users access to `apps.catalog.cattle.io`, but instead incorrectly gave access to `apps.*`. Resource affected include: \n\n**Downstream clusters:**\napiservices\nclusters\nclusterrepos\npersistentvolumes\nstorageclasses\n\n**Rancher management cluster**\napprevisions\napps\ncatalogtemplates\ncatalogtemplateversions\nclusteralertgroups\nclusteralertrules\nclustercatalogs\nclusterloggings\nclustermonitorgraphs\nclusterregistrationtokens\nclusterroletemplatebindings\nclusterscans\netcdbackups\nnodepools\nnodes\nnotifiers\npipelineexecutions\npipelines\npipelinesettings\npodsecuritypolicytemplateprojectbindings\nprojectalertgroups\nprojectalertrules\nprojectcatalogs\nprojectloggings\nprojectmonitorgraphs\nprojectroletemplatebindings\nprojects\nsecrets\nsourcecodeproviderconfigs\n\nThere is not a direct mitigation besides upgrading to the patched Rancher versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9xf-jq4j-vqw4",
  "modified": "2024-07-08T20:41:27Z",
  "published": "2024-04-24T21:02:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/33590"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1184913"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rancher/rancher"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2768"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rancher does not properly specify ApiGroup when creating Kubernetes RBAC resources"
}

GHSA-FC53-P2C6-Q69H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-01-25 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the restricted security domain implementation of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read, modify, or delete non-tenant policies (for example, access policies) created by users associated with a different security domain on an affected system.

This vulnerability is due to improper access control when restricted security domains are used to implement multi-tenancy for policies outside the tenant boundaries. An attacker with a valid user account associated with a restricted security domain could exploit this vulnerability. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read, modify, or delete policies created by users associated with a different security domain. Exploitation is not possible for policies under tenants that an attacker has no authorization to access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-20230"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-23T19:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the restricted security domain implementation of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read, modify, or delete non-tenant policies (for example, access policies) created by users associated with a different security domain on an affected system.\n\n This vulnerability is due to improper access control when restricted security domains are used to implement multi-tenancy for policies outside the tenant boundaries. An attacker with a valid user account associated with a restricted security domain could exploit this vulnerability. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read, modify, or delete policies created by users associated with a different security domain. Exploitation is not possible for policies under tenants that an attacker has no authorization to access.",
  "id": "GHSA-fc53-p2c6-q69h",
  "modified": "2024-01-25T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2023-08-23T21:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20230"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-apic-uapa-F4TAShk"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FCM3-CC23-MG3G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on vulnerable installations of ABB MicroSCADA 9.3 with FP 1-2-3. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the access controls for the installed product files. The installation procedure leaves critical files open to manipulation by any authenticated user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges to SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-5097.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1168"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-21T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on vulnerable installations of ABB MicroSCADA 9.3 with FP 1-2-3. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the access controls for the installed product files. The installation procedure leaves critical files open to manipulation by any authenticated user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges to SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-5097.",
  "id": "GHSA-fcm3-cc23-mg3g",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:33:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1168"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://library.e.abb.com/public/7a88a74b12bb492ea138b1f2365d00f6/ABBVU-PGGA-33888_ABB_SoftwareVulnerabilityHandlingAdvisory_Rev_A.pdf?x-sign=MJfu9cHtRUUubpLAYzyWFTmW5W+mg3kZ/nm7F/Jw5HlFTQf4eNyfLAgE8HozRJEC"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-18-141"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FCMJ-55J6-4JM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-30 15:30
VLAI
Details

Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability in ABB Automation Builder.This issue affects Automation Builder: through 2.8.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-3394"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-30T13:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability in ABB Automation Builder.This issue affects Automation Builder: through 2.8.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-fcmj-55j6-4jm8",
  "modified": "2025-04-30T15:30:48Z",
  "published": "2025-04-30T15:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3394"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=3ADR011407\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FCQJ-X222-4C7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-11 12:30 – Updated: 2024-01-29 21:30
VLAI
Details

Cassia Access controller before 2.1.1.2203171453, was discovered to have a unprivileged -information disclosure vulnerability that allows read-only users have the ability to enumerate all other users and discover e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and privileges of all other users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T12:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cassia Access controller before 2.1.1.2203171453, was discovered to have a unprivileged -information disclosure vulnerability that allows read-only users have the ability to enumerate all other users and discover e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and privileges of all other users.",
  "id": "GHSA-fcqj-x222-4c7r",
  "modified": "2024-01-29T21:30:25Z",
  "published": "2023-05-11T12:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.kscsc.online/cves/202331445/md.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Dodge-MPTC/CVE-2023-31445-Unprivileged-Information-Disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cassianetworks.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.swiruhack.online/cves/202331445/md.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FF53-798G-F62H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:51 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:51
VLAI
Details

The broadcast messages received by SAP Fiori Client are not protected by permissions. SAP Fiori Client version 1.11.5 in Google Play store addresses these issues and users must update to that version.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-2490"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-13T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The broadcast messages received by SAP Fiori Client are not protected by permissions. SAP Fiori Client version 1.11.5 in Google Play store addresses these issues and users must update to that version.",
  "id": "GHSA-ff53-798g-f62h",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:51:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:51:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-2490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2691126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=503809832"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FFVH-6JH2-5GJV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:48 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:48
VLAI
Details

Sensu, Inc. Sensu Core version Before version 1.4.2-3 contains a Insecure Permissions vulnerability in Sensu Core on Windows platforms that can result in Unprivileged users may execute code in context of Sensu service account. This attack appear to be exploitable via Unprivileged user may place an arbitrary DLL in the c:\opt\sensu\embedded\bin directory in order to exploit standard Windows DLL load order behavior. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 1.4.2-3 and later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-13T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Sensu, Inc. Sensu Core version Before version 1.4.2-3 contains a Insecure Permissions vulnerability in Sensu Core on Windows platforms that can result in Unprivileged users may execute code in context of Sensu service account. This attack appear to be exploitable via Unprivileged user may place an arbitrary DLL in the c:\\opt\\sensu\\embedded\\bin directory in order to exploit standard Windows DLL load order behavior. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 1.4.2-3 and later.",
  "id": "GHSA-ffvh-6jh2-5gjv",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:48:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:48:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.sensu.io/sensu-core/1.4/changelog/#core-v1-4-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation

When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Implementation Installation

During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.

Mitigation
System Configuration

For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.

Mitigation
Documentation

Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.

Mitigation
Installation

Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.

Mitigation MIT-37
Operation System Configuration

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.

Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse

An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code

The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.

CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process

An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-61: Session Fixation

The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.

CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries

Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.