CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1393 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-56PC-6JQP-XQJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-10-06 17:46 – Updated: 2021-01-07 22:51Impact
Apps using both contextIsolation and sandbox: true are affected.
Apps using both contextIsolation and nativeWindowOpen: true are affected.
This is a context isolation bypass, meaning that code running in the main world context in the renderer can reach into the isolated Electron context and perform privileged actions.
Workarounds
There are no app-side workarounds, you must update your Electron version to be protected.
Fixed Versions
11.0.0-beta.610.1.29.3.18.5.2
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at security@electronjs.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-beta.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0-beta.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0-beta.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.0.0-beta.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0-beta.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.0-beta.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-668",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-10-06T17:46:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nApps using both `contextIsolation` and `sandbox: true` are affected.\nApps using both `contextIsolation` and `nativeWindowOpen: true` are affected.\n\nThis is a context isolation bypass, meaning that code running in the main world context in the renderer can reach into the isolated Electron context and perform privileged actions.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere are no app-side workarounds, you must update your Electron version to be protected.\n\n### Fixed Versions\n* `11.0.0-beta.6`\n* `10.1.2`\n* `9.3.1`\n* `8.5.2`\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [security@electronjs.org](mailto:security@electronjs.org)",
"id": "GHSA-56pc-6jqp-xqj8",
"modified": "2021-01-07T22:51:36Z",
"published": "2020-10-06T17:46:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/security/advisories/GHSA-56pc-6jqp-xqj8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15215"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Context isolation bypass in Electron"
}
GHSA-57F2-52WJ-7VJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-12-09 18:16BMC Compuware ISPW Operations Plugin defines a controller/agent message that retrieves Java system properties. BMC Compuware ISPW Operations Plugin 1.0.8 and earlier does not restrict execution of the controller/agent message to agents. This allows attackers able to control agent processes to retrieve Java system properties. This vulnerability is only exploitable in Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier. See the LTS upgrade guide. BMC Compuware ISPW Operations plugin 1.0.9 does not allow the affected controller/agent message to be submitted by agents for execution on the controller.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.compuware.jenkins:compuware-ispw-operations"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-10T18:19:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BMC Compuware ISPW Operations Plugin defines a controller/agent message that retrieves Java system properties. BMC Compuware ISPW Operations Plugin 1.0.8 and earlier does not restrict execution of the controller/agent message to agents. This allows attackers able to control agent processes to retrieve Java system properties. This vulnerability is only exploitable in Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier. See the [LTS upgrade guide](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/upgrade-guide/2.303/#upgrading-to-jenkins-lts-2-303-3). BMC Compuware ISPW Operations plugin 1.0.9 does not allow the affected controller/agent message to be submitted by agents for execution on the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-57f2-52wj-7vj6",
"modified": "2022-12-09T18:16:57Z",
"published": "2022-07-28T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36899"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/compuware-ispw-operations-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/07/27/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Agent-to-controller security bypass in Jenkins BMC Compuware ISPW Operations plugin"
}
GHSA-5937-MJCM-VJ8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:15 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:15The Head Unit HU_NBT (aka Infotainment) component on BMW i Series, BMW X Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, and BMW 7 Series vehicles produced in 2012 through 2018 allows local attacks involving the USB or OBD-II interface. An attacker can bypass the code-signing protection mechanism for firmware updates, and consequently obtain a root shell.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-31T12:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Head Unit HU_NBT (aka Infotainment) component on BMW i Series, BMW X Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, and BMW 7 Series vehicles produced in 2012 through 2018 allows local attacks involving the USB or OBD-II interface. An attacker can bypass the code-signing protection mechanism for firmware updates, and consequently obtain a root shell.",
"id": "GHSA-5937-mjcm-vj8m",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:15:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:15:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://keenlab.tencent.com/en/Experimental_Security_Assessment_of_BMW_Cars_by_KeenLab.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/05/23/bmw_security_bugs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104258"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-59F3-7227-WMH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 20:47 – Updated: 2026-05-21 20:47Impact: @hulumi/policies versions before 1.3.2 used stack-wide evidence shortcuts in several Cloudflare and deployment-governance validators. Unrelated compliant-looking evidence could suppress violations for different zones, hostnames, origins, or repositories in the same stack.
Patched in 1.3.2: validators now correlate evidence to the specific protected resource and include regression coverage for unrelated-evidence bypasses.
Remediation: upgrade @hulumi/policies to 1.3.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@hulumi/policies"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T20:47:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Impact: @hulumi/policies versions before 1.3.2 used stack-wide evidence shortcuts in several Cloudflare and deployment-governance validators. Unrelated compliant-looking evidence could suppress violations for different zones, hostnames, origins, or repositories in the same stack.\n\nPatched in 1.3.2: validators now correlate evidence to the specific protected resource and include regression coverage for unrelated-evidence bypasses.\n\nRemediation: upgrade @hulumi/policies to 1.3.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-59f3-7227-wmh4",
"modified": "2026-05-21T20:47:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T20:47:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kerberosmansour/hulumi/security/advisories/GHSA-59f3-7227-wmh4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kerberosmansour/hulumi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "@hulumi/policies: Stack-wide evidence bypassed Cloudflare and deployment-governance guardrails"
}
GHSA-59HR-796Q-5P86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-03 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-13 00:00Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk Services Platform v6.11 and earlier, if FactoryTalk Security is enabled and deployed contains a vulnerability that may allow a remote, authenticated attacker to bypass FactoryTalk Security policies based on the computer name. If successfully exploited, this may allow an attacker to have the same privileges as if they were logged on to the client machine.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32960"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-01T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk Services Platform v6.11 and earlier, if FactoryTalk Security is enabled and deployed contains a vulnerability that may allow a remote, authenticated attacker to bypass FactoryTalk Security policies based on the computer name. If successfully exploited, this may allow an attacker to have the same privileges as if they were logged on to the client machine.",
"id": "GHSA-59hr-796q-5p86",
"modified": "2022-04-13T00:00:51Z",
"published": "2022-04-03T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1131785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-161-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-59QP-CFJ3-RP64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-07 20:03 – Updated: 2026-07-07 20:03Summary
Potential bypass of domain name filter by crafting a DNS request with multiple questions, with the first question being legitimate.
Impact
Depends on a local attackers ability to craft multiple questions and the remote DoH server supporting them.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/tinfoil-factory/netfoil"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-436",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-07T20:03:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nPotential bypass of domain name filter by crafting a DNS request with multiple questions, with the first question being legitimate.\n\n### Impact\nDepends on a local attackers ability to craft multiple questions and the remote DoH server supporting them.",
"id": "GHSA-59qp-cfj3-rp64",
"modified": "2026-07-07T20:03:49Z",
"published": "2026-07-07T20:03:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tinfoil-factory/netfoil/security/advisories/GHSA-59qp-cfj3-rp64"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tinfoil-factory/netfoil"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "netfoil has a domain name filter bypass via multiple questions"
}
GHSA-5C3V-H6HW-4GX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-10-08 19:39Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-4r3p-w3mc-5v34. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 contains a prompt injection defense bypass vulnerability where the injection defense only blocks threats classified as CRITICAL, requiring three or more detector families to match simultaneously. Attackers can craft single or double-vector prompt injections that are classified as HIGH threat level and pass through unblocked to reach the model.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "praisonai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.6.77"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-08T19:39:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-4r3p-w3mc-5v34. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nPraisonAI before 4.6.78 contains a prompt injection defense bypass vulnerability where the injection defense only blocks threats classified as CRITICAL, requiring three or more detector families to match simultaneously. Attackers can craft single or double-vector prompt injections that are classified as HIGH threat level and pass through unblocked to reach the model.",
"id": "GHSA-5c3v-h6hw-4gx7",
"modified": "2026-10-08T19:39:46Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-4r3p-w3mc-5v34"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-before-prompt-injection-defense-bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: PraisonAI: Prompt-injection defense blocks only when 3+ detector families fire simultaneously; realistic single-vector injections pass through unblocked",
"withdrawn": "2026-10-08T19:39:46Z"
}
GHSA-5C44-Q4C4-6X7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-30 21:31Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-17931"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-30T01:16:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-5c44-q4c4-6x7j",
"modified": "2026-07-30T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T03:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0887107924.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/513781245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5G2J-7MCF-43R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 21:30An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to connect to a network share without user consent.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T01:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to connect to a network share without user consent.",
"id": "GHSA-5g2j-7mcf-43r8",
"modified": "2026-03-25T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T03:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126796"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5G75-W57P-PJ3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-26 00:31 – Updated: 2026-09-26 00:31Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T17:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-5g75-w57p-pj3x",
"modified": "2026-09-26T00:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-09-26T00:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/379337758"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.